{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:37:04Z","timestamp":1790807824432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate stress distribution in the roots of maxillary central incisors bearing various types of root morphologies with regard to application of different types of orthodontic forces using the finite element model (FEM).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n FEMs of maxillary central incisors with different root morphologies (normal, short, blunt, dilacerated, and pipette) were constructed, and orthodontic forces in various directions (intrusion, extrusion, tipping, and rotational) were applied to the tooth axis at the bracket level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Result:<\/jats:title>\n On application of various forces, significantly increased stress was seen at the apex of the root with dilacerated morphology and at the cervical one-third region of the tooth with the short root. Increased stress was observed at the middle one-third region in the tooth with the pipette-shaped root during intrusion and extrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n In the present study, the stress distribution pattern indicates that the maxillary central incisors with deviated root morphology are at higher risk of root resorption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/083111-560.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T09:53:42Z","timestamp":1328522022000},"page":"799-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Stress distribution pattern in a root of maxillary central incisor having various root morphologies"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ranjit H.","family":"Kamble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Lohkare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Guardian Dental College and Hospital Ambernath, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpa V.","family":"Hararey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram D.","family":"Mundada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"619","article-title":"Root resorption in human permanent teeth. A roentgenographic study.","volume":"40","author":"Massler, M.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Massler, M. and A. J.Malone. Root resorption in human permanent teeth. A roentgenographic study.Am J Orthod1954. 40:619\u2013633."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b02","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"751","article-title":"RANKL increase in compressed periodontal ligament cells from root resorption.","volume":"85","author":"Yamaguchi, M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, M., N.Aihara, T.Kojima, and K.Kasai. RANKL increase in compressed periodontal ligament cells from root resorption.J Dent Res2006. 85:751\u2013756."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"505","article-title":"Predicting and preventing root resorption: part I. Diagnostic factors.","volume":"119","author":"Sameshima, G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sameshima, G. and P.Sinclair. Predicting and preventing root resorption: part I. Diagnostic factors.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 119:505\u2013510."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"48","article-title":"Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients.","volume":"108","author":"Mirabella, A. D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mirabella, A. D. and J.\u00c5rtun. Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:48\u201355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"187","article-title":"Are dental anomalies risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients?","volume":"116","author":"Lee, R. Y.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee, R. Y., J.\u00c5rtun, and T. A.Alonzo. Are dental anomalies risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients?Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1999. 116:187\u2013195. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"155","article-title":"The role of the periodontal ligament in bone modeling: the initial development of a time-dependent finite element model.","volume":"109","author":"Middleton, J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Middleton, J., M.Jones, and A.Wilson. The role of the periodontal ligament in bone modeling: the initial development of a time-dependent finite element model.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 109:155\u2013162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A study of upper incisors.","volume":"10","author":"Levander, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander, E. and O.Malmgren. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A study of upper incisors.Eur J Orthod1988. 10:30\u201338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b08","series-title":"Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, 8th ed","author":"Ash, M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ash, M., N. J.Stanley, and J.Nelson. Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, 8th ed. St Louis, MOSaunders Publishers. 2004."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b09","article-title":"Understanding the 6 degrees of freedom: using the correct CMM alignment principles.","author":"Boucher, M.","unstructured":"Boucher, M.\n \n Understanding the 6 degrees of freedom: using the correct CMM alignment principles.\n Version 3. Available at: Knol. Accessed December 16, 2008. http:\/\/www.cmmquaterly.com\/ezine\/training\/28-training\/205-understanding-the-6-degrees-of-freedom."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"296","article-title":"Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening.","volume":"110","author":"Taithongchai, R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taithongchai, R., K.Sookkorn, and D. M.Killiany. Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:296\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b11","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"162","article-title":"Anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study.","volume":"15","author":"Thongudomporn, U.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thongudomporn, U. and T. J.Freer. Anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study.Aust Orthod J1998. 15:162\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"522","article-title":"Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption.","volume":"67","author":"Newman, W. G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Newman, W. G.\n \n Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption.\n Am J Orthod\n 1975. 67:522\u2013539."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"253","article-title":"Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption.","volume":"123","author":"Kook, Y-A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kook, Y-A., S.Park, and G. T.Sameshima. Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2003. 123:253\u2013258."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"242","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption.","volume":"123","author":"Al-Qawasmi, R. A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Qawasmi, R. A.\n \n Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption.\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n 2003. 123:242\u2013252."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"619","article-title":"Root resorption in human permanent teeth. A roentgenographic study.","volume":"40","author":"Massler, M.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Massler, M. and A. J.Malone. Root resorption in human permanent teeth. 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Are dental anomalies risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients?Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1999. 116:187\u2013195. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"155","article-title":"The role of the periodontal ligament in bone modeling: the initial development of a time-dependent finite element model.","volume":"109","author":"Middleton, J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Middleton, J., M.Jones, and A.Wilson. The role of the periodontal ligament in bone modeling: the initial development of a time-dependent finite element model.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 109:155\u2013162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A study of upper incisors.","volume":"10","author":"Levander, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander, E. and O.Malmgren. 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Accessed December 16, 2008. http:\/\/www.cmmquaterly.com\/ezine\/training\/28-training\/205-understanding-the-6-degrees-of-freedom."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"296","article-title":"Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening.","volume":"110","author":"Taithongchai, R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taithongchai, R., K.Sookkorn, and D. M.Killiany. Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:296\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b11","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"162","article-title":"Anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study.","volume":"15","author":"Thongudomporn, U.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thongudomporn, U. and T. J.Freer. Anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study.Aust Orthod J1998. 15:162\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"522","article-title":"Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption.","volume":"67","author":"Newman, W. G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Newman, W. G.\n \n Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption.\n Am J Orthod\n 1975. 67:522\u2013539."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"253","article-title":"Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption.","volume":"123","author":"Kook, Y-A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kook, Y-A., S.Park, and G. T.Sameshima. Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2003. 123:253\u2013258."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-799-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"242","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption.","volume":"123","author":"Al-Qawasmi, R. A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Qawasmi, R. A.\n \n Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption.\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n 2003. 123:242\u2013252."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/5\/article-p799.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/5\/article-p799.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/5\/article-p799.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:00:10Z","timestamp":1780070410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/5\/article-p799.xml"}},"subtitle":["A finite element study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/083111-560.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}