{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T18:35:09Z","timestamp":1788028509274,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the volumetric changes of the lower incisor roots in skeletal Class III orthodontic patients with anterior crossbite after premolar extraction therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty-six adults, aged 18\u201328 years, had four-premolar extraction treatment. Pre- and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to assess the thickness and height of alveolar bone, root volume, and length. A paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test was used to detect changes in root volume and length before and after treatment. Pearson's correlation analysis was applied to estimate the correlation between root volume and dentoskeletal morphology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Both the central and lateral incisors had intrusion and tipping movement after treatment. Compared with pretreatment data, root length decreased significantly. The lingual root volume of root cervical, apical third, and the labial root volume of the root apical third decreased significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), among which the percentage of tooth loss at the tip volume was the highest. The pretreatment height of the alveolar ridge crest, thickness of the alveolar bone, and type of incisor movement were related to the volume and length loss.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Volume and length loss in the apical third of the lower incisor roots in skeletal Class III patients treated with a Class III bicuspid extraction pattern is common. The pretreatment height of the alveolar ridge crest, thickness of the alveolar bone, and type of tooth movement are related to the loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/090322-609.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T12:14:44Z","timestamp":1676290484000},"page":"320-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by three-dimensional volumetric measurement with cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b01","series-title":"Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr","first-page":"97","article-title":"A preliminary report of an investigation of apical root resorption of permanent teeth","volume":"13","author":"Ketcham","year":"1927","unstructured":"Ketcham\n AH.\n \n \n A preliminary report of an investigation of apical root resorption of permanent teeth.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr.\n\t\t\t\t\t1927;13(2):97\u2013127."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b02","series-title":"J Gen Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"Adjunctive orchestrated orthodontic therapy","volume":"12","author":"Silverstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silverstein\n LH,\n \n \n Witkin\n G.\n \n \n Adjunctive orchestrated orthodontic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gen Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;12(3):19\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"693","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang\n RP,\n \n \n McDonald\n JP,\n \n \n Fu\n MK.\n \n \n Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;32:693\u2013697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"84","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakano\n T,\n \n \n Hotokezaka\n H,\n \n \n Hashimoto\n M,\n \n et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;84:1079\u20131085."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"534","article-title":"Orthodontically induced cervical root resorption in humans is associated with the amount of tooth movement","volume":"39","author":"Dudic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dudic\n A,\n \n \n Giannopoulou\n C,\n \n \n Meda\n P,\n \n \n Montet\n X,\n \n \n Kiliaridis\n S.\n \n \n Orthodontically induced cervical root resorption in humans is associated with the amount of tooth movement.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;39:534\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"232","article-title":"Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss","volume":"96","author":"Melsen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Melsen\n B,\n \n \n Agerb\u00e6k\n N,\n \n \n Markenstam\n G.\n \n \n Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;96:232\u2013241."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b07","series-title":"Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments","author":"Fleiss","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fleiss\n JL.\n \n \n \n Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tJohn Wiley & Sons;1999."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"62","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 1. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brezniak\n N,\n \n \n Wasserstein\n A.\n \n \n Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 1. Literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;103:62\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b09","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"116","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption after comprehensive orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng\n Y,\n \n \n Sun\n Y,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Evaluation of root resorption after comprehensive orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Oral Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;18:116."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"665","article-title":"Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning","volume":"143","author":"Hodges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodges\n RJ,\n \n \n Atchison\n KA,\n \n \n White\n SC.\n \n \n Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;143(5):665\u2013674."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"488","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Baysal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baysal\n A,\n \n \n Karadede\n I,\n \n \n Hekimoglu\n S,\n \n \n Ucar\n F,\n \n \n Ozer\n T,\n \n \n Veli\n I,\n \n \n Uysal\n T.\n \n \n Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;82:488\u2013494."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"46","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of root resorption between tooth-borne and tooth-tissue borne rapid maxillary expansion appliances: a CBCT study","volume":"86","author":"Dindaroglu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dindaroglu\n F,\n \n \n Dogan\n S.\n \n \n Evaluation and comparison of root resorption between tooth-borne and tooth-tissue borne rapid maxillary expansion appliances: a CBCT study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;86:46\u201352."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b13","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"e484","article-title":"CBCT assessment of radicular volume loss after rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Lo Giudice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lo Giudice\n A,\n \n \n Galletti\n C,\n \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C,\n \n \n Leonardi\n R.\n \n \n CBCT assessment of radicular volume loss after rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Exp Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;10(5):e484\u2013e494."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption","volume":"34","author":"Martins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martins\n DR,\n \n \n Tibola\n D,\n \n \n Janson\n G,\n \n \n Maria\n FRT.\n \n \n Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;34:170\u2013175."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b15","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"181","article-title":"Root resorption due to orthodontic treatment using self-ligating and conventional brackets: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"79","author":"Aras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aras\n I,\n \n \n Unal\n I,\n \n \n Huniler\n G,\n \n \n Aras\n A.\n \n \n Root resorption due to orthodontic treatment using self-ligating and conventional brackets: a cone-beam computed tomography study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;79(3):181\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"83","author":"Castro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castro\n IO,\n \n \n Alencar\n AH,\n \n \n Valladares-Neto\n J,\n \n \n Estrela\n C.\n \n \n Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;83:196\u2013203."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b17","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"87","article-title":"Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal Class III malocclusions","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma\n H,\n \n \n Li\n W,\n \n \n Xu\n L,\n \n et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal Class III malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;24:87\u201395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal Class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Kook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n G,\n \n \n Kim\n Y.\n \n \n Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal Class III patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;82:645\u2013652."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 26. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption: a microcomputed tomography study","volume":"153","author":"Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan\n E,\n \n \n Dalci\n O,\n \n \n Petocz\n P,\n \n \n Papadopoulou\n AK,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 26. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption: a microcomputed tomography study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;153:204\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"138","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 2. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brezniak\n N,\n \n \n Wasserstein\n A.\n \n \n Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 2. Literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;103:138\u2013146."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"653","article-title":"Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment","volume":"77","author":"Hohmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hohmann\n A,\n \n \n Wolfram\n U,\n \n \n Geiger\n M,\n \n \n Boryor\n A,\n \n \n Sander\n C,\n \n \n Faltin\n R.\n \n \n Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;77:653\u2013659."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b22","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal\n GR,\n \n \n Schiffman\n PH,\n \n \n Tuncay\n OC.\n \n \n Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;7:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"543","article-title":"An evaluation of root resorption incident to orthodontic intrusion","volume":"109","author":"Costopoulos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Costopoulos\n G,\n \n \n Nanda\n R.\n \n \n An evaluation of root resorption incident to orthodontic intrusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;109:543\u2013548."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption","volume":"34","author":"Martins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martins\n DR,\n \n \n Tibola\n D,\n \n \n Janson\n G,\n \n \n Maria\n FRT.\n \n \n Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;34:170\u2013175."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b25","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal\n G,\n \n \n Schiffman\n P,\n \n \n Tuncay\n O.\n \n \n Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;7:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: the basic science aspects","volume":"72","author":"Brezniak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brezniak\n N,\n \n \n Wasserstein\n A.\n \n \n Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: the basic science aspects.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;72:175\u2013179."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Association between root resorption and tooth development: a quantitative clinical study","volume":"157","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li\n X,\n \n \n Xu\n J,\n \n \n Yin\n Y,\n \n \n Liu\n T,\n \n \n Chang\n L,\n \n \n Tang\n Z,\n \n et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Association between root resorption and tooth development: a quantitative clinical study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;157(5):602\u2013610."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"83","author":"Castro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castro\n IO,\n \n \n Alencar\n AH,\n \n \n Valladares-Neto\n J,\n \n \n Estrela\n C.\n \n \n Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;83:196\u2013203."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b29","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"445","article-title":"Apical root resorption caused by orthodontic forces: a brief review and a long-term observation","volume":"6","author":"Topkara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Topkara\n A,\n \n \n Karaman\n AI,\n \n \n Kau\n CH.\n \n \n Apical root resorption caused by orthodontic forces: a brief review and a long-term observation.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;6:445\u2013453."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"639","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study","volume":"130","author":"Harris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harris\n DA,\n \n \n Jones\n AS,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;130:639\u2013647."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b31","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"64","article-title":"Exploring the third dimension in root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan\n EKM,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Exploring the third dimension in root resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;7:64\u201370."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b32","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"504","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension","volume":"129","author":"Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan\n E,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;129:504\u2013510."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b01","series-title":"Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr","first-page":"97","article-title":"A preliminary report of an investigation of apical root resorption of permanent teeth","volume":"13","author":"Ketcham","year":"1927","unstructured":"Ketcham\n AH.\n \n \n A preliminary report of an investigation of apical root resorption of permanent teeth.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr.\n\t\t\t\t\t1927;13(2):97\u2013127."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b02","series-title":"J Gen Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"Adjunctive orchestrated orthodontic therapy","volume":"12","author":"Silverstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silverstein\n LH,\n \n \n Witkin\n G.\n \n \n Adjunctive orchestrated orthodontic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gen Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;12(3):19\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"693","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang\n RP,\n \n \n McDonald\n JP,\n \n \n Fu\n MK.\n \n \n Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;32:693\u2013697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"84","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakano\n T,\n \n \n Hotokezaka\n H,\n \n \n Hashimoto\n M,\n \n et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;84:1079\u20131085."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"534","article-title":"Orthodontically induced cervical root resorption in humans is associated with the amount of tooth movement","volume":"39","author":"Dudic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dudic\n A,\n \n \n Giannopoulou\n C,\n \n \n Meda\n P,\n \n \n Montet\n X,\n \n \n Kiliaridis\n S.\n \n \n Orthodontically induced cervical root resorption in humans is associated with the amount of tooth movement.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;39:534\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"232","article-title":"Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss","volume":"96","author":"Melsen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Melsen\n B,\n \n \n Agerb\u00e6k\n N,\n \n \n Markenstam\n G.\n \n \n Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;96:232\u2013241."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b07","series-title":"Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments","author":"Fleiss","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fleiss\n JL.\n \n \n \n Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tJohn Wiley & Sons;1999."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"62","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 1. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brezniak\n N,\n \n \n Wasserstein\n A.\n \n \n Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 1. Literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;103:62\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b09","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"116","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption after comprehensive orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng\n Y,\n \n \n Sun\n Y,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Evaluation of root resorption after comprehensive orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Oral Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;18:116."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-93-3-320-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"665","article-title":"Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning","volume":"143","author":"Hodges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodges\n RJ,\n \n \n Atchison\n KA,\n \n \n White\n SC.\n \n \n Impact of cone-beam 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