{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:23:03Z","timestamp":1787610183972,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the changes in soft tissue around the lips after orthodontic bracket debonding using three-dimensional (3-D) stereophotogrammetry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n 3-D facial images of 20 subjects (10 men and 10 women; mean age, 26.81 \u00b1 7.23 years) were taken with a white light scanner before and after debonding the labial brackets. Two images acquired from each subject were superimposed, and 15 soft tissue landmarks around the lips were plotted and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using both paired and independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n There were no significant changes in position of any landmark on the x (left-right)- or y (vertical)-axes after removal of the brackets. However, the landmarks in the oral commissures and lower lip (LLP, \u22120.55 mm; Li, \u22120.44 mm; Ch-L, \u22120.56 mm, all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) on the z (anteroposterior)-axis showed statistically significant differences. There were no significant positional changes of most landmarks on the x-, y-, or z- axes after bracket removal among the various genders and lip thicknesses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n There was a slight retrusion in the oral commissure and lower lip areas after debonding, but no changes were found in the upper lip area. This study showed that 3-D stereophotogrammetry can be useful in evaluating facial soft tissue changes in orthodontic patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/090414.622.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T16:46:05Z","timestamp":1440607565000},"page":"833-840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evaluation of soft tissue changes around the lips after bracket debonding using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Young-Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, and Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Woon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon-Jung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intern, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intern, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pil-Young","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"168","article-title":"Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Riedel\n RA.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Riedel\n RA. \n \n Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod. 1950;20:168\u2013178."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Changes in lip and perioral soft tissue after bracket removal","volume":"37","author":"Lee\n JS,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee\n JS, \n \n Choy\n K, \n \n Park\n YC, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n Changes in lip and perioral soft tissue after bracket removal. Korean J Orthod. 2007;37:125\u2013136."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Lip posture following debonding of labial appliances based on conventional profile photographs","volume":"79","author":"Abed\n Y,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abed\n Y, \n \n Har-Zion\n G, \n \n Redlich\n M. \n \n Lip posture following debonding of labial appliances based on conventional profile photographs. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:235\u2013239."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","first-page":"97","article-title":"Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery","volume":"3","author":"Kau\n CH,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kau\n CH, \n \n Richmond\n S, \n \n Incrapera\n A, \n \n English\n J, \n \n Xia\n JJ. \n \n Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery. Int J Med Robot. 2007;3:97\u2013110."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"410","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in lip position from before to after orthodontic appliance removal","volume":"142","author":"Eidson\n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eidson\n L, \n \n Cevidanes\n LH, \n \n de Paula\n LK, \n \n Hershey\n HG, \n \n Welch\n G, \n \n Rossouw\n PE. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in lip position from before to after orthodontic appliance removal. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:410\u2013418."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"167","article-title":"Facial soft-tissue changes in skeletal Class III orthognathic surgery patients analyzed with 3-dimensional laser scanning","volume":"138","author":"Baik\n HS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baik\n HS, \n \n Kim\n SY. \n \n Facial soft-tissue changes in skeletal Class III orthognathic surgery patients analyzed with 3-dimensional laser scanning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:167\u2013178."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of a 3D anthropometric facial analysis with and without landmark labeling before image acquisition","volume":"81","author":"Aynechi\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aynechi\n N, \n \n Larson\n BE, \n \n Leon-Salazar\n V, \n \n Beiraghi\n S. \n \n Accuracy and precision of a 3D anthropometric facial analysis with and without landmark labeling before image acquisition. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:245\u2013252."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"896","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue change gradients after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"80","author":"Lim\n YK,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lim\n YK, \n \n Chu\n EH, \n \n Lee\n DY, \n \n Yang\n IH, \n \n Baek\n SH. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue change gradients after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:896\u2013903."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e20","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery in class III malocclusion patients according to extent of mandibular setback, vertical skeletal pattern, and genioplasty","volume":"109","author":"Kim\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n M, \n \n Lee\n DY, \n \n Lim\n YK, \n \n Baek\n SH. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery in class III malocclusion patients according to extent of mandibular setback, vertical skeletal pattern, and genioplasty. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:e20\u2013e32."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry","volume":"38","author":"Plooij\n JM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plooij\n JM, \n \n Swennen\n GR, \n \n Rangel\n FA, \n et al\n . Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:267\u2013273."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system","volume":"68","author":"de Menezes\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Menezes\n M, \n \n Rosati\n R, \n \n Ferrario\n VF, \n \n Sforza\n C. \n \n Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2129\u20132135."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Reaction of facial soft tissues to treatment with a Herbst appliance","volume":"73","author":"Meyer-Marcotty\n P,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer-Marcotty\n P, \n \n Kochel\n J, \n \n Richter\n U, \n \n Richter\n F, \n \n Stellzig-Eisenhauer\n A. \n \n Reaction of facial soft tissues to treatment with a Herbst appliance. J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:116\u2013125."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen\n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen\n T, \n \n Cevidanes\n L, \n \n Cornelis\n MA, \n \n Heymann\n G, \n \n de Paula\n LK, \n \n De Clerck\n H. \n \n Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:790\u2013798."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Anal Machine Intell","first-page":"239","article-title":"A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans. Patt","volume":"14","author":"Besl\n PJ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Besl\n PJ, \n \n McKay\n ND. \n \n A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal Machine Intell. 1992;14:239\u2013256."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"33","article-title":"Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images","volume":"12","author":"Toma\n AM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toma\n AM, \n \n Zhurov\n A, \n \n Playle\n R, \n \n Ong\n E, \n \n Richmond\n S. \n \n Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12:33\u201342."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"65","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets","volume":"16","author":"Jeon\n H,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeon\n H, \n \n Lee\n SJ, \n \n Kim\n TW, \n \n Donatelli\n RE. \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2013;16:65\u201367."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction","volume":"82","author":"Oliver\n BM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Oliver\n BM. \n \n The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:141\u2013149."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"129","article-title":"Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient","volume":"12","author":"Kokodynski\n RA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kokodynski\n RA, \n \n Marshall\n SD, \n \n Ayer\n W, \n \n Weintraub\n NH, \n \n Hoffman\n DL. \n \n Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1997;12:129\u2013134."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"411","article-title":"Lip and perioral soft tissue changes after bracket bonding using 3-D laser scanner","volume":"41","author":"Lee\n WJ,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee\n WJ, \n \n Lee\n KJ, \n \n Yu\n HS, \n \n Baik\n HS. \n \n Lip and perioral soft tissue changes after bracket bonding using 3-D laser scanner. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41:411\u2013422."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"386","article-title":"The effects of commonly prescribed premolar extraction sequences on the curvature of the upper and lower lips","volume":"73","author":"Wholley\n CJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wholley\n CJ, \n \n Woods\n MG. \n \n The effects of commonly prescribed premolar extraction sequences on the curvature of the upper and lower lips. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:386\u2013395."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"Upper lip changes correlated with maxillary incisor movement in 65 orthodontically treated adult patients","volume":"9","author":"Mirabella\n D,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirabella\n D, \n \n Bacconi\n S, \n \n Gracco\n A, \n \n Lombardo\n L, \n \n Siciliani\n G. \n \n Upper lip changes correlated with maxillary incisor movement in 65 orthodontically treated adult patients. World J Orthod. 2008;9:337\u2013348."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Lip curve changes in females with premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment","volume":"74","author":"Moseling\n KP,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moseling\n KP, \n \n Woods\n MG. \n \n Lip curve changes in females with premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:51\u201362."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years","volume":"84","author":"Bergman\n RT,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bergman\n RT, \n \n Waschak\n J, \n \n Borzabadi-Farahani\n A, \n \n Murphy\n NC. \n \n Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:48\u201355."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"450","article-title":"Long-term profile changes in extraction and nonextraction patients","volume":"128","author":"Stephens\n CK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stephens\n CK, \n \n Boley\n JC, \n \n Behrents\n RG, \n \n Alexander\n RG, \n \n Buschang\n PH. \n \n Long-term profile changes in extraction and nonextraction patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:450\u2013457."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1406","article-title":"3-dimensional facial simulation in orthognathic surgery: is it accurate","volume":"71","author":"Schendel\n SA,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schendel\n SA, \n \n Jacobson\n R, \n \n Khalessi\n S. \n \n 3-dimensional facial simulation in orthognathic surgery: is it accurate? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71:1406\u20131414."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"168","article-title":"Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Riedel\n RA.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Riedel\n RA. \n \n Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod. 1950;20:168\u2013178."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Changes in lip and perioral soft tissue after bracket removal","volume":"37","author":"Lee\n JS,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee\n JS, \n \n Choy\n K, \n \n Park\n YC, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n Changes in lip and perioral soft tissue after bracket removal. Korean J Orthod. 2007;37:125\u2013136."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Lip posture following debonding of labial appliances based on conventional profile photographs","volume":"79","author":"Abed\n Y,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abed\n Y, \n \n Har-Zion\n G, \n \n Redlich\n M. \n \n Lip posture following debonding of labial appliances based on conventional profile photographs. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:235\u2013239."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","first-page":"97","article-title":"Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery","volume":"3","author":"Kau\n CH,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kau\n CH, \n \n Richmond\n S, \n \n Incrapera\n A, \n \n English\n J, \n \n Xia\n JJ. \n \n Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery. Int J Med Robot. 2007;3:97\u2013110."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"410","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in lip position from before to after orthodontic appliance removal","volume":"142","author":"Eidson\n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eidson\n L, \n \n Cevidanes\n LH, \n \n de Paula\n LK, \n \n Hershey\n HG, \n \n Welch\n G, \n \n Rossouw\n PE. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in lip position from before to after orthodontic appliance removal. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:410\u2013418."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"167","article-title":"Facial soft-tissue changes in skeletal Class III orthognathic surgery patients analyzed with 3-dimensional laser scanning","volume":"138","author":"Baik\n HS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baik\n HS, \n \n Kim\n SY. \n \n Facial soft-tissue changes in skeletal Class III orthognathic surgery patients analyzed with 3-dimensional laser scanning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:167\u2013178."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of a 3D anthropometric facial analysis with and without landmark labeling before image acquisition","volume":"81","author":"Aynechi\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aynechi\n N, \n \n Larson\n BE, \n \n Leon-Salazar\n V, \n \n Beiraghi\n S. \n \n Accuracy and precision of a 3D anthropometric facial analysis with and without landmark labeling before image acquisition. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:245\u2013252."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"896","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue change gradients after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"80","author":"Lim\n YK,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lim\n YK, \n \n Chu\n EH, \n \n Lee\n DY, \n \n Yang\n IH, \n \n Baek\n SH. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue change gradients after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:896\u2013903."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e20","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery in class III malocclusion patients according to extent of mandibular setback, vertical skeletal pattern, and genioplasty","volume":"109","author":"Kim\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n M, \n \n Lee\n DY, \n \n Lim\n YK, \n \n Baek\n SH. \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery in class III malocclusion patients according to extent of mandibular setback, vertical skeletal pattern, and genioplasty. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:e20\u2013e32."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry","volume":"38","author":"Plooij\n JM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plooij\n JM, \n \n Swennen\n GR, \n \n Rangel\n FA, \n et al\n . Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:267\u2013273."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system","volume":"68","author":"de Menezes\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Menezes\n M, \n \n Rosati\n R, \n \n Ferrario\n VF, \n \n Sforza\n C. \n \n Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2129\u20132135."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Reaction of facial soft tissues to treatment with a Herbst appliance","volume":"73","author":"Meyer-Marcotty\n P,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer-Marcotty\n P, \n \n Kochel\n J, \n \n Richter\n U, \n \n Richter\n F, \n \n Stellzig-Eisenhauer\n A. \n \n Reaction of facial soft tissues to treatment with a Herbst appliance. J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:116\u2013125."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen\n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen\n T, \n \n Cevidanes\n L, \n \n Cornelis\n MA, \n \n Heymann\n G, \n \n de Paula\n LK, \n \n De Clerck\n H. \n \n Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:790\u2013798."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Anal Machine Intell","first-page":"239","article-title":"A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans. Patt","volume":"14","author":"Besl\n PJ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Besl\n PJ, \n \n McKay\n ND. \n \n A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal Machine Intell. 1992;14:239\u2013256."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"33","article-title":"Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images","volume":"12","author":"Toma\n AM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toma\n AM, \n \n Zhurov\n A, \n \n Playle\n R, \n \n Ong\n E, \n \n Richmond\n S. \n \n Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12:33\u201342."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"65","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets","volume":"16","author":"Jeon\n H,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeon\n H, \n \n Lee\n SJ, \n \n Kim\n TW, \n \n Donatelli\n RE. \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2013;16:65\u201367."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction","volume":"82","author":"Oliver\n BM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Oliver\n BM. \n \n The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:141\u2013149."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"129","article-title":"Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient","volume":"12","author":"Kokodynski\n RA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kokodynski\n RA, \n \n Marshall\n SD, \n \n Ayer\n W, \n \n Weintraub\n NH, \n \n Hoffman\n DL. \n \n Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1997;12:129\u2013134."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"411","article-title":"Lip and perioral soft tissue changes after bracket bonding using 3-D laser scanner","volume":"41","author":"Lee\n WJ,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee\n WJ, \n \n Lee\n KJ, \n \n Yu\n HS, \n \n Baik\n HS. \n \n Lip and perioral soft tissue changes after bracket bonding using 3-D laser scanner. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41:411\u2013422."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"386","article-title":"The effects of commonly prescribed premolar extraction sequences on the curvature of the upper and lower lips","volume":"73","author":"Wholley\n CJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wholley\n CJ, \n \n Woods\n MG. \n \n The effects of commonly prescribed premolar extraction sequences on the curvature of the upper and lower lips. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:386\u2013395."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"Upper lip changes correlated with maxillary incisor movement in 65 orthodontically treated adult patients","volume":"9","author":"Mirabella\n D,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirabella\n D, \n \n Bacconi\n S, \n \n Gracco\n A, \n \n Lombardo\n L, \n \n Siciliani\n G. \n \n Upper lip changes correlated with maxillary incisor movement in 65 orthodontically treated adult patients. World J Orthod. 2008;9:337\u2013348."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Lip curve changes in females with premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment","volume":"74","author":"Moseling\n KP,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moseling\n KP, \n \n Woods\n MG. \n \n Lip curve changes in females with premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:51\u201362."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years","volume":"84","author":"Bergman\n RT,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bergman\n RT, \n \n Waschak\n J, \n \n Borzabadi-Farahani\n A, \n \n Murphy\n NC. \n \n Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:48\u201355."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"450","article-title":"Long-term profile changes in extraction and nonextraction patients","volume":"128","author":"Stephens\n CK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stephens\n CK, \n \n Boley\n JC, \n \n Behrents\n RG, \n \n Alexander\n RG, \n \n Buschang\n PH. \n \n Long-term profile changes in extraction and nonextraction patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:450\u2013457."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1406","article-title":"3-dimensional facial simulation in orthognathic surgery: is it accurate","volume":"71","author":"Schendel\n SA,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schendel\n SA, \n \n Jacobson\n R, \n \n Khalessi\n S. \n \n 3-dimensional facial simulation in orthognathic surgery: is it accurate? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71:1406\u20131414."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/5\/article-p833.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/85\/5\/833\/1398858\/090414_622_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/5\/article-p833.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/5\/article-p833.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:58:24Z","timestamp":1780066704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/5\/article-p833.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/090414.622.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}