{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:20:27Z","timestamp":1780482027859,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To compare the severity of clinical inflammation parameters and the level of the inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)\u20131\u03b2 during orthodontic treatment by using brackets and bands. In addition, the effect of a chlorhexidine-containing varnish was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 40 healthy children who required an orthodontic treatment of mild crowding. Either brackets or bands were randomly allocated to the premolars with a split-mouth design. Twenty of the children received a chlorhexidine-containing varnish during the treatment (0, 12, 24 weeks), while the remaining children served as a control group. Prior and until 24 weeks after the insertion, data were recorded regarding the pocket depth (PD), the gingival appearance (gingival index [GI]), and the plaque accumulation (plaque index [PI]). Gingival crevicular fluid was collected as well. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay technique was used to detect differences in IL-1\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: The PDs and the gingival index of teeth with brackets showed significantly lower values in comparison with teeth treated with bands (P = .0001). The IL-1\u03b2 levels confirmed these findings. In contrast, the PI showed higher values for the teeth with brackets (P = .0001). The teeth that received a chlorhexidine-containing varnish showed significantly lower values in the follow-ups for most of the evaluated parameters (PDBand, PIBand, PIBracket, GIBand, GIBracket; P &amp;lt; .015).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: The clinically observed parameters as well as the IL-1\u03b2 levels reflected the higher impact of bands on gingival health. These values showed a significant decrease after application of a chlorhexidine-containing varnish. However, the PI showed higher values for the teeth with brackets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/090707-422.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]],"date-time":"2008-02-25T21:17:24Z","timestamp":1203974244000},"page":"908-916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Orthodontic Attachments and Chlorhexidine-Containing Varnish Effects on Gingival Health"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Paschos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Limbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Orthodontist, private office, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Teichmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Dental student, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin C.","family":"Huth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Folwaczny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"e\u2009Associate Professor, Priv. 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