{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:12:33Z","timestamp":1783566753029,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To propose invasive cervical root resorption (ICRR) as an unrecognized and\/or overlooked etiologic factor in the failure of response of an impacted tooth to orthodontic traction and to underline the importance of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for early and accurate diagnosis of ICRR.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Fourteen patients (age 13\u201321\u00a0years) with impacted canines (15 canines) that had failed to respond to orthodontic forces and that exhibited ICRR formed the case series for this investigation. The initial diagnosis, treatment, clinical and radiographic expression of failure, and adverse effects on adjacent teeth were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Initial diagnosis had been performed on plane radiographs. The orthodontist was absent during surgery in 11 patients. Nine canines had been exposed by open procedures. ICRR was not related to the severity of impaction. Its diagnosis was made on existing radiographs, new films, and\/or new CBCT. The severity of the lesions was Class 3 or 4, and the teeth were finally extracted. Loss of anchorage characterized 11 patients. Apical resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth was diagnosed in 9 patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n ICRR is a frequently undiagnosed or unrecognized cause of failure of orthodontic resolution of impacted canines and should be distinguished from replacement resorption. CBCT should be used for its early detection and accurate assessment of potential damage to adjacent anchor teeth.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/090812-716.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,23]],"date-time":"2013-01-23T14:58:20Z","timestamp":1358953100000},"page":"870-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Failure of treatment of impacted canines associated with invasive cervical root resorption"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Abramovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Associate Professor Emeritus, Department of Endodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Chaushu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b01","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"916","article-title":"A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs. I. A study of retained roots and teeth","volume":"14","author":"Dachi\n SF,","year":"1961","unstructured":"Dachi\n SF, \n \n Howell\n FV. \n \n A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs. I. A study of retained roots and teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1961;14:916\u2013924."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"Position of the maxillary permanent canine in relation to anomalous or missing lateral incisors: a population study","volume":"8","author":"Brin\n I,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brin\n I, \n \n Becker\n A, \n \n Shalhav\n M. \n \n Position of the maxillary permanent canine in relation to anomalous or missing lateral incisors: a population study. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8:12\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"509","article-title":"Success rate and duration of orthodontic treatment for adult patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines","volume":"124","author":"Becker\n A,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker\n A, \n \n Chaushu\n S. \n \n Success rate and duration of orthodontic treatment for adult patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:509\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"743","article-title":"Analysis of failure in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"137","author":"Becker\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Becker\n A, \n \n Chaushu\n G, \n \n Chaushu\n S. \n \n Analysis of failure in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:743\u2013754."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b05","series-title":"The Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth. 3rd ed","author":"Becker\n A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Becker\n A. \n \n The Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b06","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"83","article-title":"Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors","volume":"30","author":"Heithersay\n GS.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heithersay\n GS. \n \n Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors. Quintessence Int. 1999;30:83\u201395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b07","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of invasive cervical resorption","volume":"30","author":"Heithersay\n GS.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heithersay\n GS. \n \n Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of invasive cervical resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999;30:27\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b08","series-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol","first-page":"118","article-title":"An experimental model for cervical resorption in monkeys","volume":"6","author":"Brosjo\n M,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brosjo\n M, \n \n Anderssen\n K. \n \n Berg\n JO, \n \n Lindskog\n S. \n \n An experimental model for cervical resorption in monkeys. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6:118\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b09","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"616","article-title":"External cervical resorption: a review","volume":"35","author":"Patel\n S,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel\n S, \n \n Kanagasingam\n S, \n \n Pitt Ford\n T. \n \n External cervical resorption: a review. J Endod. 2009;35:616\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b10","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"503","article-title":"Cementoenamel junction: microscopic analysis and external cervical resorption","volume":"26","author":"Neuvald\n L,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neuvald\n L, \n \n Consolaro\n A. \n \n Cementoenamel junction: microscopic analysis and external cervical resorption. J Endod. 2000;26:503\u2013508."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"584","article-title":"Anti-dentine antibodies with root resorption during orthodontic treatment","volume":"33","author":"Ramos Sde\n P,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramos Sde\n P, \n \n Ortolan\n GO, \n \n Dos Santos\n LM, \n et al. \n Anti-dentine antibodies with root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:584\u2013591."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b12","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e49","article-title":"Clinical and scanning electron microscopic features of invasive cervical resorption in a maxillary molar","volume":"103","author":"Iqbal\n MK.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iqbal\n MK. \n \n Clinical and scanning electron microscopic features of invasive cervical resorption in a maxillary molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:e49\u2013e54."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b13","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines","volume":"27","author":"Stivaros\n N,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stivaros\n N, \n \n Mandall\n NA. \n \n Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines. J Orthod. 2000;27:169\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b14","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Orthodontic traction: possible consequences for maxillary canines and adjacent teeth. Part 1","volume":"15","author":"Consolaro\n A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Consolaro\n A. \n \n Orthodontic traction: possible consequences for maxillary canines and adjacent teeth. Part 1. 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J Endod. 2007;33:1383\u20131387."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b17","series-title":"Int Endod J","first-page":"447","article-title":"New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 1. Conventional and alternative radiographic systems","volume":"42","author":"Patel\n S,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel\n S, \n \n Dawood\n A, \n \n Whaites\n E, \n \n Pitt Ford\n T. \n \n New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 1. Conventional and alternative radiographic systems. Int Endod J. 2009;42:447\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b18","series-title":"Int Endod J","first-page":"463","article-title":"New dimensions in endodontic imaging: Part 2. Cone beam computed tomography","volume":"42","author":"Patel\n S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel\n S. \n \n New dimensions in endodontic imaging: Part 2. Cone beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2009;42:463\u2013475."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b19","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"14S","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography and the orthosurgical management of impacted teeth","volume":"141","author":"Becker\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Becker\n A, \n \n Chaushu\n S, \n \n Casap-Caspi\n N. \n \n Cone-beam computed tomography and the orthosurgical management of impacted teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141(suppl 3):14S\u201318S."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"349","article-title":"Factors associated with the duration of forced eruption of impacted maxillary canines: a retrospective study","volume":"130","author":"Zuccati\n G,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zuccati\n G, \n \n Ghobadlu\n J, \n \n Nieri\n M, \n \n Clauser\n C. \n \n Factors associated with the duration of forced eruption of impacted maxillary canines: a retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:349\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"571","article-title":"Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines","volume":"77","author":"Crescini\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crescini\n A, \n \n Nieri\n M, \n \n Buti\n J, \n \n Baccetti\n T, \n \n Pini Prato\n GP. \n \n Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:571\u2013577."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines","volume":"119","author":"Stewart\n JA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stewart\n JA, \n \n Heo\n G, \n \n Glover\n KE, \n et al. \n Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:216\u2013225."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b23","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"464","article-title":"Periodontal tissue-vitality after different etching modalities","volume":"22","author":"Blomlof\n J,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blomlof\n J, \n \n Lindskog\n S. \n \n Periodontal tissue-vitality after different etching modalities. J Clin Periodontol. 1995;22:464\u2013468."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"504","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension","volume":"129","author":"Chan\n E,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan\n E, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:504\u2013510."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: Part 22. Root resorption after the application of light and heavy extrusive orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography study","volume":"141","author":"Montenegro\n VC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montenegro\n VC, \n \n Jones\n A, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Gonzales\n C, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: Part 22. Root resorption after the application of light and heavy extrusive orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:e1\u2013e9."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stresses induced by edgewise appliances in the periodontal ligament\u2013a finite element study","volume":"62","author":"McGuinness\n N,","year":"1992","unstructured":"McGuinness\n N, \n \n Wilson\n AN, \n \n Jones\n M, \n \n Middleton\n J, \n \n Robertson\n NR. \n \n Stresses induced by edgewise appliances in the periodontal ligament\u2013a finite element study. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:15\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"499","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis for stress in the periodontal tissue by orthodontic forces","volume":"92","author":"Tanne\n K,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tanne\n K, \n \n Sakuda\n M, \n \n Burstone\n CJ. \n \n Three-dimensional finite element analysis for stress in the periodontal tissue by orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92:499\u2013505."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b01","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"916","article-title":"A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs. I. A study of retained roots and teeth","volume":"14","author":"Dachi\n SF,","year":"1961","unstructured":"Dachi\n SF, \n \n Howell\n FV. \n \n A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs. I. A study of retained roots and teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1961;14:916\u2013924."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"Position of the maxillary permanent canine in relation to anomalous or missing lateral incisors: a population study","volume":"8","author":"Brin\n I,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brin\n I, \n \n Becker\n A, \n \n Shalhav\n M. \n \n Position of the maxillary permanent canine in relation to anomalous or missing lateral incisors: a population study. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8:12\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"509","article-title":"Success rate and duration of orthodontic treatment for adult patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines","volume":"124","author":"Becker\n A,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker\n A, \n \n Chaushu\n S. \n \n Success rate and duration of orthodontic treatment for adult patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:509\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"743","article-title":"Analysis of failure in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"137","author":"Becker\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Becker\n A, \n \n Chaushu\n G, \n \n Chaushu\n S. \n \n Analysis of failure in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines. 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Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6:118\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b09","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"616","article-title":"External cervical resorption: a review","volume":"35","author":"Patel\n S,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel\n S, \n \n Kanagasingam\n S, \n \n Pitt Ford\n T. \n \n External cervical resorption: a review. J Endod. 2009;35:616\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b10","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"503","article-title":"Cementoenamel junction: microscopic analysis and external cervical resorption","volume":"26","author":"Neuvald\n L,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neuvald\n L, \n \n Consolaro\n A. \n \n Cementoenamel junction: microscopic analysis and external cervical resorption. J Endod. 2000;26:503\u2013508."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"584","article-title":"Anti-dentine antibodies with root resorption during orthodontic treatment","volume":"33","author":"Ramos Sde\n P,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramos Sde\n P, \n \n Ortolan\n GO, \n \n Dos Santos\n LM, \n et al. \n Anti-dentine antibodies with root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:584\u2013591."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b12","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e49","article-title":"Clinical and scanning electron microscopic features of invasive cervical resorption in a maxillary molar","volume":"103","author":"Iqbal\n MK.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iqbal\n MK. \n \n Clinical and scanning electron microscopic features of invasive cervical resorption in a maxillary molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:e49\u2013e54."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b13","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines","volume":"27","author":"Stivaros\n N,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stivaros\n N, \n \n Mandall\n NA. \n \n Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines. J Orthod. 2000;27:169\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b14","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Orthodontic traction: possible consequences for maxillary canines and adjacent teeth. Part 1","volume":"15","author":"Consolaro\n A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Consolaro\n A. \n \n Orthodontic traction: possible consequences for maxillary canines and adjacent teeth. Part 1. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:349\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"571","article-title":"Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines","volume":"77","author":"Crescini\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crescini\n A, \n \n Nieri\n M, \n \n Buti\n J, \n \n Baccetti\n T, \n \n Pini Prato\n GP. \n \n Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:571\u2013577."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-870-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines","volume":"119","author":"Stewart\n JA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stewart\n JA, \n \n Heo\n G, \n \n Glover\n KE, \n et al. \n Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines. 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