{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:37:56Z","timestamp":1791470276654,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of severity and location of nonsyndromic hypodontia on craniofacial morphology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 154 patients with at least two or more congenitally missing teeth were selected and divided into two groups (group I [mild]: patients with two to five missing teeth; group II [severe]: patients with six or more missing teeth). The patients with hypodontia were divided into three groups according to the location of missing teeth in the dental arches (anterior, posterior, and both anterior and posterior) and location of missing teeth between the jaws (maxilla, mandible, and both maxilla and mandible). Fifty Class I patients without any missing teeth served as the control group. Twenty-one measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms. Intergroup differences for the severity and location of hypodontia were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant decreases were found in mandibular plane angles (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), upper and lower incisor measurements (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), anterior (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and posterior (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) face heights, and ramus height (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), as well as a significant increase in the soft tissue convexity angle (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) among the hypodontia groups and control group. These differences were more excessive in the severe hypodontia group. Upper lip-E plane measurements were significantly longer in the mandible group than in the maxilla group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with congenitally missing teeth have different craniofacial morphologies. The severity and location of missing teeth have a significant effect.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/091012-722.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T18:46:33Z","timestamp":1357929993000},"page":"584-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of severity and location of nonsyndromic hypodontia on craniofacial morphology"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Ahmet Yalcin","family":"Gungor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Turkkahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Suleyman Demirel, Isparta, and University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b01","series-title":"Am J Hum Genet","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical and genetical studies of hypodontia. I. Premolar aplasia, hyperhidrosis, and canities prematura; a new hereditary syndrome in man","volume":"2","author":"Book\n JA.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Book\n JA. \n \n Clinical and genetical studies of hypodontia. I. Premolar aplasia, hyperhidrosis, and canities prematura; a new hereditary syndrome in man. Am J Hum Genet. 1950;2:240\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"521","article-title":"Skeletodental patterns in patients with multiple congenitally missing teeth","volume":"124","author":"Ben-Bassat\n Y,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat\n Y, \n \n Brin\n I. \n \n Skeletodental patterns in patients with multiple congenitally missing teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:521\u2013525."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"996","article-title":"Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"76","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Yoshino\n S, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:996\u20131003."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b04","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"167","article-title":"Hypodontia. Does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients","volume":"1","author":"Sisman\n Y,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sisman\n Y, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n Gelgor\n IE. \n \n Hypodontia. Does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients? Eur J Dent. 2007;1:167\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"349","article-title":"Skeletal and dental patterns in patients with severe congenital absence of teeth","volume":"135","author":"Ben-Bassat\n Y,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat\n Y, \n \n Brin\n I. \n \n Skeletal and dental patterns in patients with severe congenital absence of teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:349\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b06","series-title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Familial Hipodontia","author":"Arte\n S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arte\n S. \n \n Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Familial Hipodontia. [thesis]. Helsinki, Finland: Institute of Dentistry Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki; 2001."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b07","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"133","article-title":"Distribution of missing teeth and tooth morphology in patients with oligodontia","volume":"59","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Steen\n WH, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Distribution of missing teeth and tooth morphology in patients with oligodontia. ASDC J Dent Child. 1992;59:133\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b08","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"797","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kazanci\n F, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Oztek\n O, \n \n Kamak\n H, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15:797\u2013801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients","volume":"131","author":"Altug-Atac\n AT,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altug-Atac\n AT, \n \n Erdem\n D. \n \n Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:510\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b10","series-title":"Oral Dis","first-page":"620","article-title":"The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans","volume":"14","author":"Chung\n CJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung\n CJ, \n \n Han\n JH, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans. Oral Dis. 2008;14:620\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b11","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Effect of agenesis on the crown-size profile pattern","volume":"48","author":"Garn\n SM,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Garn\n SM, \n \n Lewis\n AB. \n \n Effect of agenesis on the crown-size profile pattern. J Dent Res. 1969;48:1314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b12","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Analysis of the vertical facial form in patients with severe hypodontia","volume":"111","author":"Bondarets\n N,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bondarets\n N, \n \n McDonald\n F. \n \n Analysis of the vertical facial form in patients with severe hypodontia. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000;111:177\u2013184."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b13","series-title":"Odontology","first-page":"48","article-title":"Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"92","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Yoshino\n S, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Kojima\n K, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Odontology. 2004;92:48\u201353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Prevalence of tooth agenesis correlated with jaw relationship and dental crowding","volume":"90","author":"Dermaut\n LR,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dermaut\n LR, \n \n Goeffers\n KR, \n \n De Smit\n AA. \n \n Prevalence of tooth agenesis correlated with jaw relationship and dental crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90:204\u2013210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"472","article-title":"Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia","volume":"108","author":"Ogaard\n B,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ogaard\n B, \n \n Krogstad\n O. \n \n Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:472\u2013477."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"39","article-title":"Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in an orthodontic population","volume":"122","author":"Tavajohi-Kermani\n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tavajohi-Kermani\n H, \n \n Kapur\n R, \n \n Sciote\n JJ. \n \n Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in an orthodontic population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:39\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b17","series-title":"Turk Orthod J","first-page":"134","article-title":"Dental and skeletal evaluation of individuals with different numbers of congenitally missing teeth","volume":"6","author":"G\u00f6yen\u00e7\n Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"G\u00f6yen\u00e7\n Y. \n \n Dental and skeletal evaluation of individuals with different numbers of congenitally missing teeth. Turk Orthod J. 1993;6:134\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"315","article-title":"An analysis of the skeletal relationships in a group of young people with hypodontia","volume":"27","author":"Chung\n LK,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung\n LK, \n \n Hobson\n RS, \n \n Nunn\n JH, \n \n Gordon\n PH, \n \n Carter\n NE. \n \n An analysis of the skeletal relationships in a group of young people with hypodontia. J Orthod. 2000;27:315\u2013318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular incisors and mandibular symphysis morphology","volume":"77","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Kojima\n K, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Congenitally missing mandibular incisors and mandibular symphysis morphology. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:1079\u20131084."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"100","article-title":"Agenesis and tooth size in the permanent dentition","volume":"41","author":"Baum\n BJ,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baum\n BJ, \n \n Cohen\n MM. \n \n Agenesis and tooth size in the permanent dentition. Angle Orthod. 1971;41:100\u2013102."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b21","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Tooth size in relatives of individuals with oligodontia","volume":"41","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Tooth size in relatives of individuals with oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol. 1996;41:469\u2013472."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"Tooth size and tooth formation in children with advanced hypodontia","volume":"44","author":"Rune\n B,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rune\n B, \n \n Sarnas\n KV. \n \n Tooth size and tooth formation in children with advanced hypodontia. Angle Orthod. 1974;44:316\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"The gradient and the pattern of crown-size reduction in simple hypodontia","volume":"40","author":"Garn\n SM,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Garn\n SM, \n \n Lewis\n AB. \n \n The gradient and the pattern of crown-size reduction in simple hypodontia. Angle Orthod. 1970;40:51\u201358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"131","article-title":"Tooth dimensions in hypodontia patients, their unaffected relatives and a control group measured by a new image analysis system","volume":"24","author":"McKeown\n HF,","year":"2002","unstructured":"McKeown\n HF, \n \n Robinson\n DL, \n \n Elcock\n C, \n \n al-Sharood\n M, \n \n Brook\n AH. \n \n Tooth dimensions in hypodontia patients, their unaffected relatives and a control group measured by a new image analysis system. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:131\u2013141."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"280","article-title":"Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and dental cast analysis","volume":"87","author":"Woodworth\n DA,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Woodworth\n DA, \n \n Sinclair\n PM, \n \n Alexander\n RG. \n \n Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and dental cast analysis. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:280\u2013293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b26","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"71","article-title":"The effect of tooth agenesis on dentofacial structures","volume":"19","author":"Y\u00fcksel\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel\n S, \n \n U\u00e7em\n T. \n \n The effect of tooth agenesis on dentofacial structures. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b27","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"104","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in patients with multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth","volume":"16","author":"Nodal\n M,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nodal\n M, \n \n Kjaer\n I, \n \n Solow\n B. \n \n Craniofacial morphology in patients with multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth. Eur J Orthod. 1994;16:104\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b28","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"65","article-title":"Changes in cranio-facial morphology of individuals with hypodontia between the ages of 9 and 16","volume":"40","author":"Roald\n KL,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Roald\n KL, \n \n Wisth\n PJ, \n \n Boe\n OE. \n \n Changes in cranio-facial morphology of individuals with hypodontia between the ages of 9 and 16. Acta Odontol Scand. 1982;40:65\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b29","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"935","article-title":"Reductions in size and left-right asymmetry of teeth in human oligodontia","volume":"39","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Steen\n WH, \n \n Beemer\n FA, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Reductions in size and left-right asymmetry of teeth in human oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39:935\u2013939."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b30","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"300","article-title":"Craniofacial profile in Southern Chinese with hypodontia","volume":"31","author":"Chan\n DW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan\n DW, \n \n Samman\n N, \n \n McMillan\n AS. \n \n Craniofacial profile in Southern Chinese with hypodontia. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:300\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b31","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"263","article-title":"Hypodontia\u2014a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Part I","volume":"36","author":"Larmour\n CJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Larmour\n CJ, \n \n Mossey\n PA, \n \n Thind\n BS, \n \n Forgie\n AH, \n \n Stirrups\n DR. \n \n Hypodontia\u2014a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Part I. Quintessence Int. 2005;36:263\u2013270."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b32","series-title":"Eur J Med Genet","first-page":"383","article-title":"The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 2: syndromes with significant dental involvement","volume":"51","author":"Bailleul-Forestier\n I,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bailleul-Forestier\n I, \n \n Berdal\n A, \n \n Vinckier\n F, \n \n de Ravel\n T, \n \n Fryns\n JP, \n \n Verloes\n A. \n \n The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 2: syndromes with significant dental involvement. Eur J Med Genet. 2008;51:383\u2013408."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b01","series-title":"Am J Hum Genet","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical and genetical studies of hypodontia. I. Premolar aplasia, hyperhidrosis, and canities prematura; a new hereditary syndrome in man","volume":"2","author":"Book\n JA.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Book\n JA. \n \n Clinical and genetical studies of hypodontia. I. Premolar aplasia, hyperhidrosis, and canities prematura; a new hereditary syndrome in man. Am J Hum Genet. 1950;2:240\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"521","article-title":"Skeletodental patterns in patients with multiple congenitally missing teeth","volume":"124","author":"Ben-Bassat\n Y,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat\n Y, \n \n Brin\n I. \n \n Skeletodental patterns in patients with multiple congenitally missing teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:521\u2013525."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"996","article-title":"Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"76","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Yoshino\n S, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:996\u20131003."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b04","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"167","article-title":"Hypodontia. Does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients","volume":"1","author":"Sisman\n Y,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sisman\n Y, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n Gelgor\n IE. \n \n Hypodontia. Does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients? Eur J Dent. 2007;1:167\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"349","article-title":"Skeletal and dental patterns in patients with severe congenital absence of teeth","volume":"135","author":"Ben-Bassat\n Y,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat\n Y, \n \n Brin\n I. \n \n Skeletal and dental patterns in patients with severe congenital absence of teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:349\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b06","series-title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Familial Hipodontia","author":"Arte\n S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arte\n S. \n \n Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Familial Hipodontia. [thesis]. Helsinki, Finland: Institute of Dentistry Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki; 2001."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b07","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"133","article-title":"Distribution of missing teeth and tooth morphology in patients with oligodontia","volume":"59","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Steen\n WH, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Distribution of missing teeth and tooth morphology in patients with oligodontia. ASDC J Dent Child. 1992;59:133\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b08","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"797","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kazanci\n F, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Oztek\n O, \n \n Kamak\n H, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15:797\u2013801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients","volume":"131","author":"Altug-Atac\n AT,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altug-Atac\n AT, \n \n Erdem\n D. \n \n Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:510\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b10","series-title":"Oral Dis","first-page":"620","article-title":"The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans","volume":"14","author":"Chung\n CJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung\n CJ, \n \n Han\n JH, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans. Oral Dis. 2008;14:620\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b11","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Effect of agenesis on the crown-size profile pattern","volume":"48","author":"Garn\n SM,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Garn\n SM, \n \n Lewis\n AB. \n \n Effect of agenesis on the crown-size profile pattern. J Dent Res. 1969;48:1314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b12","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Analysis of the vertical facial form in patients with severe hypodontia","volume":"111","author":"Bondarets\n N,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bondarets\n N, \n \n McDonald\n F. \n \n Analysis of the vertical facial form in patients with severe hypodontia. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000;111:177\u2013184."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b13","series-title":"Odontology","first-page":"48","article-title":"Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"92","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Yoshino\n S, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Kojima\n K, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Odontology. 2004;92:48\u201353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Prevalence of tooth agenesis correlated with jaw relationship and dental crowding","volume":"90","author":"Dermaut\n LR,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dermaut\n LR, \n \n Goeffers\n KR, \n \n De Smit\n AA. \n \n Prevalence of tooth agenesis correlated with jaw relationship and dental crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90:204\u2013210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"472","article-title":"Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia","volume":"108","author":"Ogaard\n B,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ogaard\n B, \n \n Krogstad\n O. \n \n Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:472\u2013477."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"39","article-title":"Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in an orthodontic population","volume":"122","author":"Tavajohi-Kermani\n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tavajohi-Kermani\n H, \n \n Kapur\n R, \n \n Sciote\n JJ. \n \n Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in an orthodontic population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:39\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b17","series-title":"Turk Orthod J","first-page":"134","article-title":"Dental and skeletal evaluation of individuals with different numbers of congenitally missing teeth","volume":"6","author":"G\u00f6yen\u00e7\n Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"G\u00f6yen\u00e7\n Y. \n \n Dental and skeletal evaluation of individuals with different numbers of congenitally missing teeth. Turk Orthod J. 1993;6:134\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"315","article-title":"An analysis of the skeletal relationships in a group of young people with hypodontia","volume":"27","author":"Chung\n LK,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung\n LK, \n \n Hobson\n RS, \n \n Nunn\n JH, \n \n Gordon\n PH, \n \n Carter\n NE. \n \n An analysis of the skeletal relationships in a group of young people with hypodontia. J Orthod. 2000;27:315\u2013318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular incisors and mandibular symphysis morphology","volume":"77","author":"Endo\n T,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Endo\n T, \n \n Ozoe\n R, \n \n Kojima\n K, \n \n Shimooka\n S. \n \n Congenitally missing mandibular incisors and mandibular symphysis morphology. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:1079\u20131084."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"100","article-title":"Agenesis and tooth size in the permanent dentition","volume":"41","author":"Baum\n BJ,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baum\n BJ, \n \n Cohen\n MM. \n \n Agenesis and tooth size in the permanent dentition. Angle Orthod. 1971;41:100\u2013102."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b21","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Tooth size in relatives of individuals with oligodontia","volume":"41","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Tooth size in relatives of individuals with oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol. 1996;41:469\u2013472."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"Tooth size and tooth formation in children with advanced hypodontia","volume":"44","author":"Rune\n B,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rune\n B, \n \n Sarnas\n KV. \n \n Tooth size and tooth formation in children with advanced hypodontia. Angle Orthod. 1974;44:316\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"The gradient and the pattern of crown-size reduction in simple hypodontia","volume":"40","author":"Garn\n SM,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Garn\n SM, \n \n Lewis\n AB. \n \n The gradient and the pattern of crown-size reduction in simple hypodontia. Angle Orthod. 1970;40:51\u201358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"131","article-title":"Tooth dimensions in hypodontia patients, their unaffected relatives and a control group measured by a new image analysis system","volume":"24","author":"McKeown\n HF,","year":"2002","unstructured":"McKeown\n HF, \n \n Robinson\n DL, \n \n Elcock\n C, \n \n al-Sharood\n M, \n \n Brook\n AH. \n \n Tooth dimensions in hypodontia patients, their unaffected relatives and a control group measured by a new image analysis system. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:131\u2013141."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"280","article-title":"Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and dental cast analysis","volume":"87","author":"Woodworth\n DA,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Woodworth\n DA, \n \n Sinclair\n PM, \n \n Alexander\n RG. \n \n Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and dental cast analysis. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:280\u2013293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b26","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"71","article-title":"The effect of tooth agenesis on dentofacial structures","volume":"19","author":"Y\u00fcksel\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel\n S, \n \n U\u00e7em\n T. \n \n The effect of tooth agenesis on dentofacial structures. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b27","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"104","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in patients with multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth","volume":"16","author":"Nodal\n M,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nodal\n M, \n \n Kjaer\n I, \n \n Solow\n B. \n \n Craniofacial morphology in patients with multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth. Eur J Orthod. 1994;16:104\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b28","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"65","article-title":"Changes in cranio-facial morphology of individuals with hypodontia between the ages of 9 and 16","volume":"40","author":"Roald\n KL,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Roald\n KL, \n \n Wisth\n PJ, \n \n Boe\n OE. \n \n Changes in cranio-facial morphology of individuals with hypodontia between the ages of 9 and 16. Acta Odontol Scand. 1982;40:65\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b29","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"935","article-title":"Reductions in size and left-right asymmetry of teeth in human oligodontia","volume":"39","author":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schalk-van der Weide\n Y, \n \n Steen\n WH, \n \n Beemer\n FA, \n \n Bosman\n F. \n \n Reductions in size and left-right asymmetry of teeth in human oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39:935\u2013939."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b30","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"300","article-title":"Craniofacial profile in Southern Chinese with hypodontia","volume":"31","author":"Chan\n DW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan\n DW, \n \n Samman\n N, \n \n McMillan\n AS. \n \n Craniofacial profile in Southern Chinese with hypodontia. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:300\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b31","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"263","article-title":"Hypodontia\u2014a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Part I","volume":"36","author":"Larmour\n CJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Larmour\n CJ, \n \n Mossey\n PA, \n \n Thind\n BS, \n \n Forgie\n AH, \n \n Stirrups\n DR. \n \n Hypodontia\u2014a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Part I. Quintessence Int. 2005;36:263\u2013270."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-584-b32","series-title":"Eur J Med Genet","first-page":"383","article-title":"The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 2: syndromes with significant dental involvement","volume":"51","author":"Bailleul-Forestier\n I,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bailleul-Forestier\n I, \n \n Berdal\n A, \n \n Vinckier\n F, \n \n de Ravel\n T, \n \n Fryns\n JP, \n \n Verloes\n A. \n \n The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 2: syndromes with significant dental involvement. Eur J Med Genet. 2008;51:383\u2013408."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p584.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/584\/1394452\/091012-722_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p584.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p584.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1780071078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p584.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/091012-722.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}}}