{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T21:22:14Z","timestamp":1772486534430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To determine potential differences in treatment efficiencies of face mask therapy without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) at different early dental stages.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Forty-nine Class III children who were treated with a face mask without RME were divided into two groups according to their pretreatment dental stage. The primary dentition treatment group consisted of 26 subjects and the mixed dentition treatment group consisted of 23 subjects. Lateral cephalograms before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and at least 1 year after the end of treatment (T2) were calculated and analyzed. Fourteen cephalometric variables were evaluated by <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test to identify any significant differences in skeletal changes between the two groups during T1-T0, T2-T1, and T2-T0.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The primary dentition group showed not only a greater response to maxillary protraction without RME than did the mixed dentition group during T1-T0, but also a greater relapse tendency during T2-T1. As a result, no significant differences were noted between the two groups in the treatment effects of face masks without RME over the time period T2-T0.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study suggests that face mask therapy without RME may be postponed to the early to mid mixed dentition period because the therapy induces similar skeletal changes when initiated at primary or mixed dentition.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/091609-521.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,19]],"date-time":"2010-05-19T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1274298048000},"page":"692-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction without rapid maxillary expansion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Dong-Yul","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Kyu","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sug-Joon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"270","author":"Proffit, W. R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Proffit, W. R. and H. W.FieldsJr. Contemporary Orthodontics. St Louis, MoMosby. 2000. 270\u2013518."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b02","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"497","article-title":"The study on the orthodontic patients who visited department of orthodontics, Seoul National University Hospital during last 10 years (1985\u20131994).","volume":"25","author":"Yang, W. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yang, W. S.\n          \n          The study on the orthodontic patients who visited department of orthodontics, Seoul National University Hospital during last 10 years (1985\u20131994).\n          Korean J Orthod\n          1995. 25:497\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"84","article-title":"Craniofacial features of patients with Class III abnormalities: growth-related changes and effects of short-term and long-term chin cup therapy.","volume":"121","author":"Deguchi, T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deguchi, T., T.Kuroda, Y.Minoshima, and T. M.Graber. 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Facial growth of skeletal Class III malocclusion and the effects, limitations, and long-term dentofacial adaptations to chin cup therapy.Semin Orthod1997. 3:244\u2013254."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"139","article-title":"Stability of changes associated with chin cup treatment.","volume":"66","author":"Deguchi, T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deguchi, T. and A.Kitsugi. Stability of changes associated with chin cup treatment.Angle Orthod1996. 66:139\u2013146."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"The cephalometric study of facial types in Class III malocclusion.","volume":"20","author":"Kim, S. C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kim, S. C. and K. S.Lee. 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A.McNamaraJr. Postpubertal assessment of treatment timing for maxillary expansion and protraction therapy followed by fixed appliances.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2004. 126:555\u2013568."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"23","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic and orthopedic effects of a modified maxillary protractor between deciduous and early mixed dentition.","volume":"126","author":"Kajiyama, K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kajiyama, K., T.Murakami, and A.Suzuki. Comparison of orthodontic and orthopedic effects of a modified maxillary protractor between deciduous and early mixed dentition.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2004. 126:23\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children.","volume":"108","author":"Baik, H. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik, H. S.\n          \n          Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1995. 108:583\u2013592."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"669","article-title":"Sagittal changes after maxillary protraction with expansion in Class III patients in the primary, mixed, and late mixed dentition: a longitudinal retrospective study.","volume":"117","author":"Saadia, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saadia, M. and E.Torres. Sagittal changes after maxillary protraction with expansion in Class III patients in the primary, mixed, and late mixed dentition: a longitudinal retrospective study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2000. 117:669\u2013680."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"424","article-title":"Development of face and dentition in its application to orthodontic treatment.","volume":"26","author":"Hellman, M.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Hellman, M.\n          \n          Development of face and dentition in its application to orthodontic treatment.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1940. 26:424\u2013447."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-692-b16","series-title":"Professor Delaire Facial Orthopedic Mask","author":"Verdon, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Verdon, P.\n          \n          Professor Delaire Facial Orthopedic Mask. 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Mandibular growth changes and maturation of cervical vertebrae\u2014a longitudinal cephalometric study.Angle Orthod1988. 58:179\u2013184."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:36Z","timestamp":1747356756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p692.xml"}},"subtitle":["a comparison of the primary and mixed dentition"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/091609-521.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}