{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:42:07Z","timestamp":1792456927525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To compare the opinions of Swedish orthodontists and American orthodontists regarding the association between third molar eruption and dental crowding.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> A survey was distributed to Swedish orthodontists (n = 230) asking their views on the force exerted by erupting third molars, its relationship to crowding, and their recommendations for prophylactic removal. Results were compared with those from a similar study conducted in the United States. Chi square analysis was used to determine differences in responses to questions between Swedish and American orthodontists. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Both Swedish and American orthodontists believed that lower third molars were more likely than upper third molars to cause force (65% and 58% for Swedish and American orthodontists, respectively) and crowding (42% and 40%, respectively). No statistically significant differences were seen between the answers of American and Swedish orthodontists regarding the role of upper and lower third molars in causing crowding. Although only 18% of Swedish orthodontists \u201cgenerally\u201d or \u201csometimes\u201d recommended prophylactic removal of mandibular third molars, 36% of American orthodontists \u201cgenerally\u201d or \u201csometimes\u201d recommended removal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Most orthodontists in the United States and Sweden do believe that erupting lower third molars exert an anterior force; however, they also believe that these teeth \u201crarely\u201d or \u201cnever\u201d cause crowding of the dentition. The reason that more American orthodontists recommend prophylactic removal of mandibular third molars remains unexplained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/091708-481r.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T18:16:18Z","timestamp":1243620978000},"page":"1139-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Opinions of American and Swedish Orthodontists about the Role of Erupting Third Molars as a Cause of Dental Crowding"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"T\u00fcfek\u00e7i","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA"},{"name":"Corresponding author: Dr Eser T\u00fcfek\u00e7i, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 520 N 12th Street, P.O. Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA (etufekci@vcu.edu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Svensk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Former student, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kallunki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Former student, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Huggare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Professor and Head of the Department, Institute of Odontology, Department of Orthodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Lindauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e\u2009Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Laskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"f\u2009Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b1","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"79","article-title":"The role of the third molar in the cause of late lower arch crowding: a review.","volume":"95","author":"Richardson, M. E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Richardson, M. 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Or is it?\n          Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop\n          1999. 115:628\u2013633."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b7","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"824","article-title":"Evaluation of the third molar problem.","volume":"82","author":"Laskin, D. M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Laskin, D. M.\n          \n          Evaluation of the third molar problem.\n          J Am Dent Assoc\n          1971. 82:824\u2013828."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b8","series-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","first-page":"CD003879","article-title":"Interventions for treating asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults.","volume":"2","author":"Mettes, D. T. G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mettes, D. T. G., M. M. E. L.Nienhuijs, W. J. M.van der Sanden, E. H.Verdonschot, and A.Plasschaert. Interventions for treating asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2005. (2):CD003879."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b9","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"658","article-title":"Decision making of Israeli, East European, and South American dental school graduates in third molar surgery: is there a difference?","volume":"65","author":"Zadik, Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zadik, Y. and L.Levin. Decision making of Israeli, East European, and South American dental school graduates in third molar surgery: is there a difference?J Oral Maxillofac Surg2007. 65:658\u2013662."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Orthodontists' and surgeons' opinions on the role of third molars as a cause of dental crowding.","volume":"132","author":"Lindauer, S. J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindauer, S. J., D. M.Laskin, E.Tufekci, R. S.Taylor, B. J.Cushing, and A. M.Best. Orthodontists' and surgeons' opinions on the role of third molars as a cause of dental crowding.Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop2007. 132:43\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b11","article-title":"2004 Membership Directory.","unstructured":"American Association of Orthodontists.\n          \n          2004 Membership Directory.\n          St Louis, Mo: AAOS; 2004."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1139-b12","series-title":"Swed Dent J","first-page":"23","article-title":"Indications for surgical removal of the mandibular third molar: study of 2,630 cases.","volume":"11","author":"Nordenram, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nordenram, A., M.Hultin, O.Kjellman, and G.Ramstr\u00f6m. 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Mandibular third molars: oral surgeons' assessment of the indications for removal.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg1999. 37:440\u2013443."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/6\/1139\/1387230\/091708-481r_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:48:12Z","timestamp":1747356492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/091708-481r.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}