{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:28:02Z","timestamp":1790710082612,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the quantitative effects of miniscrew supported appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and key journals and review articles. The date of the last search was January 30, 2017. Methodological quality of the retrospective studies was graded by means of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed for the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) and prospective studies by means of Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 298 studies were identified for screening, and 14 studies were eligible. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies rated all of the four included retrospective studies as moderate. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale rated seven studies as high quality and three studies as low quality. The mean molar distalization values varied from 1.8 mm to 6.4 mm. Mean distal tipping of molars varied from 1.65\u00b0 to 11.3\u00b0. The mean distal movement of premolars and incisors varied from 1.75 mm to 5.4 mm and 0.1 mm to 2.7 mm, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Miniscrew-supported appliances are effective in molar distalization with distal movement of premolars with minimal anchorage loss and distal tipping of the molar teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/091717-624.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T10:39:06Z","timestamp":1523961546000},"page":"494-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Maxillary molar distalization with miniscrew-supported appliances in Class II malocclusion: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Roshan Noor","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakeenabi","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Al-Thomali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"467","article-title":"Long- and short-term effects of headgear traction with and without the maxillary second molars","volume":"146","author":"Shpack \n              N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shpack \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Brosh \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Mazor \n              Y.\n            \n            et al. \n          Long- and short-term effects of headgear traction with and without the maxillary second molars. 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Int J Dent. 2014;2014:937059."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"399","article-title":"Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices","volume":"86","author":"Cozzani \n              M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cozzani \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Fontana \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Palpacelli \n              L.\n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:108\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b11","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"201","article-title":"Miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Costa \n              A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Costa \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Raffainl \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Melsen \n              B.\n            \n          \n          Miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage: a preliminary report. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:201\u2013209."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b12","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Survival and failure rates of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Schatzle \n              M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schatzle \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Mannchen \n              R.\n            \n            \n              Zwahlen \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Lang \n              NP.\n            \n          \n          Survival and failure rates of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20:1351\u20131359."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"284","article-title":"Critical factors for the success of orthodontic mini-implants: a systematic review","volume":"135","author":"Chen \n              Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen \n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Kyung \n              HM.\n            \n            \n              Zhao \n              WT.\n            \n            \n              Yu \n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          Critical factors for the success of orthodontic mini-implants: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:284\u2013291."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Papageorgiou \n              SN.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papageorgiou \n              SN.\n            \n            \n              Zogakis \n              IP.\n            \n            \n              Papadopoulos \n              MA.\n            \n          \n          Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:577\u2013595.e7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b15","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"101","article-title":"Maxillary molar distalization with MGBM-system in class II malocclusion","volume":"2","author":"Maino \n              G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Mariani \n              L.\n            \n            \n              Bozzo \n              I.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Maxillary molar distalization with MGBM-system in class II malocclusion. J Orthod Sci. 2013;2:101\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Skeletal versus conventional intraoral anchorage for the treatment of class II malocclusion: dentoalveolar and skeletal effects","volume":"15","author":"Mariani \n              L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mariani \n              L.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal versus conventional intraoral anchorage for the treatment of class II malocclusion: dentoalveolar and skeletal effects. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:43."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"650","article-title":"Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance","volume":"76","author":"Kircelli \n              BH.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kircelli \n              BH.\n            \n            \n              Pekta\u015f \n              ZO.\n            \n            \n              Kircelli \n              C.\n            \n          \n          Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:650\u2013659."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems","volume":"83","author":"Sar \n              C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sar \n              C.\n            \n            \n              Kaya \n              B.\n            \n            \n              Ozsoy \n              O.\n            \n            \n              Ozcirpici \n              AA.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:460\u2013467."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Villegas Ca, Latorre CM, Oberti G. Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: A clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Escobar \n              SA.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar \n              SA.\n            \n            \n              Tellez \n              PA.\n            \n            \n              Moncada \n              CA.\n            \n          \n          Villegas Ca, Latorre CM, Oberti G. Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: A clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:545\u2013549."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"339.e9","article-title":"Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Polat-Ozsoy \n              O.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polat-Ozsoy \n              O.\n            \n            \n              Kircelli \n              BH.\n            \n            \n              Arman-Oz\u00e7irpici \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Pekta\u015f \n              ZO.\n            \n            \n              U\u00e7kan \n              S.\n            \n          \n          Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:161.e1\u20138."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"578","article-title":"Efficiency of a skeletonized distal jet appliance supported by miniscrew anchorage for noncompliancemaxillary molar distalization","volume":"136","author":"Kinzinger \n              GS.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kinzinger \n              GS.\n            \n            \n              Gulden \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Yildizhan \n              F.\n            \n            \n              Diedrich \n              PR.\n            \n          \n          Efficiency of a skeletonized distal jet appliance supported by miniscrew anchorage for noncompliancemaxillary molar distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:578\u2013586."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"83","author":"Bechtold \n              TE.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechtold \n              TE.\n            \n            \n              Kim \n              JW.\n            \n            \n              Choi \n              TH.\n            \n            \n              Park \n              YC.\n            \n            \n              Lee \n              KJ.\n            \n          \n          Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:266\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b28","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"1006","article-title":"PRISMA Group. 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Health Technol Assess. 2003;7:1\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b31","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"603","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang \n              A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603\u2013605."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b32","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"143","article-title":"Treatment effectiveness of Frankel function regulator on the Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"146","author":"Yang \n              X.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang \n              X.\n            \n            \n              Li \n              C.\n            \n            \n              Bai \n              D.\n            \n            et al. \n          Treatment effectiveness of Frankel function regulator on the Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:143\u2013154."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"467","article-title":"Long- and short-term effects of headgear traction with and without the maxillary second molars","volume":"146","author":"Shpack \n              N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shpack \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Brosh \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Mazor \n              Y.\n            \n            et al. \n          Long- and short-term effects of headgear traction with and without the maxillary second molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:467\u2013476."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of the Jones Jig appliance followed by fixed appliances in Class II malocclusion treatment","volume":"19","author":"Patel \n              MP.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel \n              MP.\n            \n            \n              Henriques \n              JF.\n            \n            \n              Freitas \n              KM.\n            \n            \n              Grec \n              RH.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric effects of the Jones Jig appliance followed by fixed appliances in Class II malocclusion treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19:44\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"558","article-title":"Treatment effects of intraoral appliances with conventional anchorage designs for non-compliance maxillary molar distalization: a literature review","volume":"30","author":"Kinzinger \n              GS.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kinzinger \n              GS.\n            \n            \n              Eren \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Diedrich \n              PR.\n            \n          \n          Treatment effects of intraoral appliances with conventional anchorage designs for non-compliance maxillary molar distalization: a literature review. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:558\u2013571."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b04","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nickel-titanium coil springs and repelling magnets: a comparison of two different intra-oral molar distalization techniques","volume":"24","author":"Erverdi \n              N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Erverdi \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Koyuturk \n              O.\n            \n            \n              Ku\u00e7ukkeles \n              N.\n            \n          \n          Nickel-titanium coil springs and repelling magnets: a comparison of two different intra-oral molar distalization techniques. Br J Orthod. 1997;24:47\u201353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"502","article-title":"Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance","volume":"130","author":"Fuziy \n              A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fuziy \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Rodrigues de Almeida \n              R.\n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Angelieri \n              F.\n            \n            \n              Pinzan \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:502\u2013510."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b06","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"937059","article-title":"Comparison of maxillary molar distalization with an implant-supported distal jet and a traditional tooth-supported distal jet appliance","volume":"2014","author":"Cozzani \n              M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cozzani \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Pasini \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Zallio \n              F.\n            \n            et al. \n          Comparison of maxillary molar distalization with an implant-supported distal jet and a traditional tooth-supported distal jet appliance. Int J Dent. 2014;2014:937059."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-494-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"399","article-title":"Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices","volume":"86","author":"Cozzani \n              M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cozzani \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Fontana \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Maino \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Palpacelli \n              L.\n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A.\n            \n          \n          Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices. 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