{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:20:46Z","timestamp":1790184046638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relationship between changes in Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) following orthodontic treatment and to assess responsiveness of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) in a cohort of young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (n = 162) aged 18\u201325 years requiring comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited. Changes in OHRQoL were measured using the PIDAQ, while malocclusion severity was assessed using the PAR index and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Data were collected before treatment (T\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 1 month after treatment completion (T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Responsiveness of the PIDAQ was evaluated using standardized effect size, standardized response mean, and Global Transition Judgment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A positive, moderate overall correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.417,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05) was observed between changes in PAR and PIDAQ scores posttreatment, with significant improvements in OHRQoL reported by 88.1% of participants at T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Subgroup analysis revealed strong correlations in cases of crowding (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.711) and increased overjet (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.703), while Class III malocclusion showed a weaker correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.263). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that change in PAR score was independently associated (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.652) with change in OHRQoL score. The PIDAQ demonstrated responsiveness to treatment-associated changes, with a significant reduction in OHRQoL scores posttreatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While a positive correlation between the objective measure of malocclusion severity (PAR) and subjective OHRQoL was identified, the relationship was moderate. The PIDAQ was found to be a responsive scale for assessing OHRQoL in orthodontic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/091924-769.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T19:01:41Z","timestamp":1741114901000},"page":"438-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is the Peer Assessment Rating index a valid measure for change in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life following orthodontic treatment? Results of a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Monisha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Senior Resident, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elbe","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor & Head, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Thrissur, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suja Ani","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b01","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"152","article-title":"Quality of life and its importance in orthodontics","volume":"28","author":"Cunningham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cunningham SJ,Hunt NP. Quality of life and its importance in orthodontics. J Orthod. 2001;28(2):152\u2013158."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b02","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument","volume":"28","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cunningham SJ,Garratt AM,Hunt NP. Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28(3):195\u2013201."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"773","article-title":"Does orthodontic treatment improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life when assessed using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire\u2014a 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Peter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peter E,Monisha J,Benson PE,George SA. Does orthodontic treatment improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life when assessed using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire\u2014a 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Orthod. 2023;45(6):773\u2013780."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b04","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Is the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire meaningful and relevant to children with malocclusion in the UK? J Orthod. 2010;37(1):29\u201336. Erratum in","volume":"37","author":"Marshman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshman Z,Gibson BJ,Benson PE. Is the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire meaningful and relevant to children with malocclusion in the UK? J Orthod. 2010;37(1):29\u201336. Erratum in: J Orthod. 2010;37(2):140."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"103","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults","volume":"28","author":"Klages","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klages U,Claus N,Wehrbein H,Zentner A. Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults. 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Qual Life Res. 2014;23(4):1267\u20131271."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"354","article-title":"Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin H,Quan C,Guo C,Zhou C,Wang Y,Bao B. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35(3):354\u2013360."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b09","series-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent","first-page":"207","article-title":"Is Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) valid for the Indian population? A psychometric study","volume":"11","author":"Monisha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monisha J,Peter E,Ani GS. Is Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) valid for the Indian population? A psychometric study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021;11(2):207\u2013215."},{"issue":"7624","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b10","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"806","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E,Altman DG,Egger M,Pocock SJ,G\u00f8tzsche PC,Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335(7624):806\u2013808."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"The development of the PAR index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Richmond S,Shaw WC,O\u2019Brien KD, et al. 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Aus Orthod J. 2019;35(2):119\u2013126."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b21","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Bullying in orthodontic patients and its relationship to malocclusion, self-esteem and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life","volume":"38","author":"Seehra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seehra J,Fleming PS,Newton T,DiBiase AT. Bullying in orthodontic patients and its relationship to malocclusion, self-esteem and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. J Orthod. 2011;38(4):247\u2013256."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b22","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"238","article-title":"The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of quantitative studies","volume":"37","author":"Dimberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dimberg L,Arnrup K,Bondemark L. The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of quantitative studies. 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Impact of malocclusions on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of early adolescents in Ndola, Zambia. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:7920973."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b25","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"289","article-title":"Oral Health Related Quality of Life of patients with Class III skeletal malocclusion before and after orthognathic surgery","volume":"19","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaei F,Masalehi H,Golshah A,Imani MM. Oral Health Related Quality of Life of patients with Class III skeletal malocclusion before and after orthognathic surgery. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):289."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b26","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"10","article-title":"Assessing the responsiveness of measures of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life","volume":"32","author":"Locker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Locker D,Jokovic A,Clarke M. Assessing the responsiveness of measures of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(1):10\u201318."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b01","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"152","article-title":"Quality of life and its importance in orthodontics","volume":"28","author":"Cunningham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cunningham SJ,Hunt NP. Quality of life and its importance in orthodontics. J Orthod. 2001;28(2):152\u2013158."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b02","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument","volume":"28","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cunningham SJ,Garratt AM,Hunt NP. Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28(3):195\u2013201."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"773","article-title":"Does orthodontic treatment improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life when assessed using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire\u2014a 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Peter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peter E,Monisha J,Benson PE,George SA. Does orthodontic treatment improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life when assessed using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire\u2014a 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Orthod. 2023;45(6):773\u2013780."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b04","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Is the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire meaningful and relevant to children with malocclusion in the UK? J Orthod. 2010;37(1):29\u201336. 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Eur J Orthod. 2006;28(2):103\u2013111."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"270","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire","volume":"33","author":"Sardenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sardenberg F,Oliveira AC,Paiva SM,Auad SM,Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270\u2013275."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b07","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"1267","article-title":"The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire\u2014translation and cross-cultural validation in Croatia","volume":"23","author":"Spalj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spalj S,Lajnert V,Ivankovic L. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire\u2014translation and cross-cultural validation in Croatia. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(4):1267\u20131271."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"354","article-title":"Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin H,Quan C,Guo C,Zhou C,Wang Y,Bao B. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35(3):354\u2013360."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-4-438-b09","series-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent","first-page":"207","article-title":"Is Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) valid for the Indian population? A psychometric study","volume":"11","author":"Monisha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monisha J,Peter E,Ani GS. Is Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) valid for the Indian population? A psychometric study. 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