{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:47:12Z","timestamp":1780483632779,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To characterize the effects of early cervical headgear treatment on the facial profile of children in Class II division 1 malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2\u201311.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent upward 15\u00b0 and a large expanded inner bow. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatment, and the facial profile was estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to an age- and sex-matched normal cohort of 644 Finnish children.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The treatment time was 1.6 (0.3\u20133.1) years on average. Compared to the controls, the treatment restricted the forward growth of maxillary A-point, and the SNA angle decreased 1.4\u00b0 \u00b1 1.2\u00b0 per year (P &amp;lt; .00001). Decreased maxillary prognathism was associated with decreased facial convexity, g-sn-pg (P = .02), and the ANB (P &amp;lt; .00001) angles decreased compared to the controls. Upper lip protrusion (distance ls to sn-pg; P &amp;lt; .00001) was decreased, and the nasolabial angle (cm-sn-ls) widened despite the increased facial inclination of the upper incisors (P = .0005). The treatment significantly decreased the gap between the lips (P = .0009) in their relaxed position.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Cervical headgear treatment in Class II correction is associated with a decreased facial convexity caused by the restriction of forward growth of the maxillary A-point, while the rest of the facial profile, including the mandible, continue to grow forward at a normal rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/092106-384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]],"date-time":"2007-05-23T23:26:37Z","timestamp":1179962797000},"page":"960-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Facial Profile Changes in Early Class II Correction with Cervical Headgear"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Mirja","family":"Kirjavainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Practitioner, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsti","family":"Hurmerinta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Practitioner, Cleft Palate Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turkka","family":"Kirjavainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Practitioner, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Soft tissue changes with fixed functional appliances in Class II division 1.","volume":"76","author":"Flores-Mir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70277-X","article-title":"Benefit of early Class II treatment: progress report of a two-phase randomized clinical trial.","volume":"113","author":"Tulloch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji025","article-title":"The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: an 8 year report of a randomized study.","volume":"27","author":"Pirttiniemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(95)80094-8","article-title":"Facial soft tissue harmony and growth in orthodontic treatment.","volume":"1","author":"Nanda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin 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expansion and Kloehn cervical headgear.","volume":"124","author":"Filho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b12","first-page":"439","article-title":"A long-term study on the expansion effects of the cervical-pull facebow with and without rapid maxillary expansion.","volume":"74","author":"Fenderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b13","article-title":"The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth: an orthopantomographic study.","author":"Haavikko"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b14","article-title":"A Manual of Facial Growth: A Computer Analysis of Longitudinal Cephalometric Growth Data.","author":"Bhatia"},{"key":"2020042117495002300_i0003-3219-077-06-0960-b15","first-page":"744","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic 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