{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:57:09Z","timestamp":1781287029023,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare and validate two tridimensional diagnostic methods for quantifying and categorizing external root resorption using an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided, automatic, or manual digital segmentation process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      40 teeth were segmented from 10 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records from five patients. Stereolithographic files were created, and automatic, manual, or AI-aided segmentation of each incisor was performed by two double-blinded operators. Two quantification methods were used and compared by analyzing final segmented regions of the tooth. This study followed QAREL (Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability) and COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) guidelines. Reproducibility was assessed using the Dahlberg formula, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intra- and interobserver correlations were high (ICC: &gt; 0.736;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). Statistically significant differences were found between the two measurement methods for high-quality CBCT images of central incisors, mainly at the level of the apical third. Specific differences were found between methods when root resorption was evaluated in the middle and apical thirds using AI segmentation of the central incisor (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .043). When referring to total volume loss of the lateral incisor, differences (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .021) were observed between methods when segmented by manual or AI-aided procedures. Highest specificity (100%) was observed for AI-aided segmentation and Method 2 for evaluation of root resorption at the apical third volume.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of root resorption with CBCT is highly dependent on CBCT definition, type of segmentation, and measurement method. Three-dimensional (3D) measurement method described by three landmark points yielded satisfactory results using any tested segmentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/092324-781.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T20:32:00Z","timestamp":1749241920000},"page":"474-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of an AI-aided 3D method for enhanced volumetric quantification of external root resorption in orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Baena-de la Iglesia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; and Private Practice, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estrella","family":"Navarro-Fraile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; and Private Practice, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Iglesias-Linares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry. Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"83","author":"Castro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castro IO,\nAlencar AHG,\nValladares-Neto J,\nEstrela C. Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(2):196\u2013203."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b02","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"389","article-title":"Digital method for quantification of circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT","volume":"17","author":"Fleiner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fleiner J,\nHannig C,\nSchulze D,\nStricker A,\nJacobs R. Digital method for quantification of circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(2):389\u2013396."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and conventional radiography in diagnosing the extent of root resorptions","volume":"18","author":"Alamadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alamadi E,\nAlhazmi H,\nHansen K,\nLundgren T,\nNaoumova J. A comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and conventional radiography in diagnosing the extent of root resorptions. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):1\u20138."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b04","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of natural and simulated external root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Deliga Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deliga Schr\u00f6der \u00c2G,\nWestphalen FH,\nSchr\u00f6der JC,\nFernandes \u00c2,\nWestphalen VPD. Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of natural and simulated external root resorption. J Endod. 2018;44(7):1151\u20131158."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"5","article-title":"External apical root resorption","volume":"153","author":"Brezniak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brezniak N,\nWasserstein A. External apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(1):5\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME","volume":"81","author":"Langford","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langford SR. Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME. Am J Orthod. 1982;81(5):371\u2013377."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Evaluation of orthodontically induced external root resorption following orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Samandara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samandara A,\nPapageorgiou SN,\nIoannidou-Marathiotou I,\nKavvadia-Tsatala S,\nPapadopoulos MA. Evaluation of orthodontically induced external root resorption following orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(1):67\u201379."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"710","article-title":"Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss","volume":"88","author":"Puttaravuttiporn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puttaravuttiporn P,\nWongsuwanlert M,\nCharoemratrote C,\nLeethanakul C. Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(6):710\u2013718."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b09","series-title":"Orthod Craniofacial Res","first-page":"206","article-title":"Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Y,\nHe S,\nYu L,\nLi J,\nChen S. Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography. Orthod Craniofacial Res. 2011;14(4):206\u2013212."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b10","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"4","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of root resorption in TAD-aided anchorage with and without RAP: a CBCT study on en masse retraction cases","volume":"12","author":"Jose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jose AR,\nShetty NK,\nShalu S,\nAmritha Prasad K,\nSusan TC,\nShetty SS. Quantitative assessment of root resorption in TAD-aided anchorage with and without RAP: a CBCT study on en masse retraction cases. J Orthod Sci. 2023;12(1):4\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"294","article-title":"An evaluation of root resorption associated with the use of photobiomodulation during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a retrospective cohort pilot study","volume":"94","author":"Rossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rossi A,\nLagrav\u00e8re-Vich M,\nHeo G,\nMajor PW,\nEl-Bialy T. An evaluation of root resorption associated with the use of photobiomodulation during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a retrospective cohort pilot study. Angle Orthod. 2024;94(3):294\u2013302."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"320","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by three-dimensional volumetric measurement with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J,\nNing R. Evaluation of root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by three-dimensional volumetric measurement with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(3):320\u2013327."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"13","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the root resorption of maxillary incisors after the orthodontic traction of bicortically impacted canines: case reports","volume":"20","author":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n LE,\nRodr\u00edguez-C\u00e1rdenas YA,\nRu\u00edz-Mora GA,\nAliaga-Del Castillo A,\nSchilling J,\nDias-Da Silveira HL. Three-dimensional evaluation of the root resorption of maxillary incisors after the orthodontic traction of bicortically impacted canines: case reports. Prog Orthod. 2019;20(1):13."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b14","series-title":"Orthod Craniofacial Res","first-page":"59","article-title":"Incisive canal remodelling following maximum anterior retraction reduces apical root resorption","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung CJ,\nNguyen T,\nLee JH,\nKim KH. Incisive canal remodelling following maximum anterior retraction reduces apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofacial Res. 2021;24:59\u201365."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Volumetric cone-beam computed tomography evaluation and risk factor analysis of external apical root resorption with clear aligner therapy","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W,\nShao J,\nLi S, et al. Volumetric cone-beam computed tomography evaluation and risk factor analysis of external apical root resorption with clear aligner therapy. Angle Orthod. 2021;91(5):597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b16","series-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract","first-page":"101803","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of cone-beam computed tomography to diagnose in vivo\/in vitro root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Baena-de la Iglesia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baena-de la Iglesia T,\nYa\u00f1ez-Vico RM,\nIglesias-Linares A. Diagnostic performance of cone-beam computed tomography to diagnose in vivo\/in vitro root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022:101803."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b17","series-title":"Beijing J Stomatol","first-page":"335","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic force on upper central incisor\u2019s developing roots","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang RF,\nWang HM,\nBai YX,\nLi S. Effects of orthodontic force on upper central incisor\u2019s developing roots. Beijing J Stomatol. 2016;24:335\u2013337."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b18","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"181","article-title":"Root resorption due to orthodontic treatment using self-ligating and conventional brackets","volume":"79","author":"Aras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aras I,\nUnal I,\nHuniler G,\nAras A. Root resorption due to orthodontic treatment using self-ligating and conventional brackets. J Orofac Orthop. 2018;79(3):181\u2013190."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b19","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"146531252110661","article-title":"Tooth and root size as determined from 0.25- and 0.30-mm voxel size cone-beam CT imaging when contrasted to micro-CT scans (0.06 mm): an ex vivo study","author":"Coutsiers Morell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coutsiers Morell GF,\nBerlin-Broner Y,\nFlores-Mir C,\nHeo G. Tooth and root size as determined from 0.25- and 0.30-mm voxel size cone-beam CT imaging when contrasted to micro-CT scans (0.06 mm): an ex vivo study. J Orthod. 2021:146531252110661."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"879","article-title":"Accuracy of in-vitro tooth volumetric measurements from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"142","author":"Ye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ye N,\nJian F,\nXue J, et al. Accuracy of in-vitro tooth volumetric measurements from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;142(6):879\u2013887."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a prospective study using cone beam CT","volume":"82","author":"Lund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund H,\nGr\u00f6ndahl K,\nHansen K,\nGr\u00f6ndahl HG. Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(3):480\u2013487."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b22","series-title":"J Imaging Informatics Med","first-page":"1800","article-title":"An automatic grading system for orthodontically induced external root resorption based on deep convolutional neural network","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu S,\nPeng H,\nYang L,\nZhong W,\nGao X,\nSong J. An automatic grading system for orthodontically induced external root resorption based on deep convolutional neural network. J Imaging Informatics Med. 2024;37(4):1800\u20131811."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b23","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"103865","article-title":"A novel deep learning system for multi-class tooth segmentation and classification on cone beam computed tomography. A validation study: deep learning for teeth segmentation and classification","volume":"115","author":"Shaheen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaheen E,\nLeite A,\nAlqahtani KA, et al. A novel deep learning system for multi-class tooth segmentation and classification on cone beam computed tomography. A validation study: deep learning for teeth segmentation and classification. J Dent. 2021;115:103865."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b24","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"943","article-title":"Multiclass CBCT image segmentation for orthodontics with deep learning","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang H,\nMinnema J,\nBatenburg KJ,\nForouzanfar T,\nHu FJ,\nWu G. Multiclass CBCT image segmentation for orthodontics with deep learning. J Dent Res. 2021;100(9):943\u2013949."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b25","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does endodontics influence radiological detection of external root resorption? An in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Parrales-Bravo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parrales-Bravo C,\nFriedrichsdorf SP,\nCosta C,\nPaiva JB,\nIglesias-Linares A. Does endodontics influence radiological detection of external root resorption? An in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):1\u201310."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b26","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"827","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for fast and accurate 3-dimensional tooth segmentation on cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"47","author":"Lahoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lahoud P,\nEzEldeen M,\nBeznik T, et al. Artificial intelligence for fast and accurate 3-dimensional tooth segmentation on cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2021;47(5):827\u2013835."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b27","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"422","article-title":"The efficiency of artificial intelligence methods for finding radiographic features in different endodontic treatments - a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Ramezanzade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramezanzade S,\nLaurentiu T,\nBakhshandah A, et al. The efficiency of artificial intelligence methods for finding radiographic features in different endodontic treatments - a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2023;81(6):422\u2013435."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"188","article-title":"Automatic 3-dimensional quantification of orthodontically induced root resorption in cone-beam computed tomography images based on deep learning","volume":"167","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Q,\nMa L,\nWu Y, et al. Automatic 3-dimensional quantification of orthodontically induced root resorption in cone-beam computed tomography images based on deep learning. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2025:167(2):188\u2013201."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b29","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of deep learning and feature selection technique on external root resorption identification on CBCT images","volume":"24","author":"Reduwan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reduwan NH,\nAbdul Aziz AA,\nMohd Razi R, et al. Application of deep learning and feature selection technique on external root resorption identification on CBCT images. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1\u201310."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"83","author":"Castro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castro IO,\nAlencar AHG,\nValladares-Neto J,\nEstrela C. Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(2):196\u2013203."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b02","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"389","article-title":"Digital method for quantification of circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT","volume":"17","author":"Fleiner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fleiner J,\nHannig C,\nSchulze D,\nStricker A,\nJacobs R. Digital method for quantification of circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(2):389\u2013396."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and conventional radiography in diagnosing the extent of root resorptions","volume":"18","author":"Alamadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alamadi E,\nAlhazmi H,\nHansen K,\nLundgren T,\nNaoumova J. A comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and conventional radiography in diagnosing the extent of root resorptions. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):1\u20138."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b04","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of natural and simulated external root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Deliga Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deliga Schr\u00f6der \u00c2G,\nWestphalen FH,\nSchr\u00f6der JC,\nFernandes \u00c2,\nWestphalen VPD. Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of natural and simulated external root resorption. J Endod. 2018;44(7):1151\u20131158."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"5","article-title":"External apical root resorption","volume":"153","author":"Brezniak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brezniak N,\nWasserstein A. External apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(1):5\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME","volume":"81","author":"Langford","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langford SR. Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME. Am J Orthod. 1982;81(5):371\u2013377."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Evaluation of orthodontically induced external root resorption following orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Samandara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samandara A,\nPapageorgiou SN,\nIoannidou-Marathiotou I,\nKavvadia-Tsatala S,\nPapadopoulos MA. Evaluation of orthodontically induced external root resorption following orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(1):67\u201379."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"710","article-title":"Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss","volume":"88","author":"Puttaravuttiporn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puttaravuttiporn P,\nWongsuwanlert M,\nCharoemratrote C,\nLeethanakul C. Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(6):710\u2013718."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b09","series-title":"Orthod Craniofacial Res","first-page":"206","article-title":"Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Y,\nHe S,\nYu L,\nLi J,\nChen S. Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography. Orthod Craniofacial Res. 2011;14(4):206\u2013212."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b10","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"4","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of root resorption in TAD-aided anchorage with and without RAP: a CBCT study on en masse retraction cases","volume":"12","author":"Jose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jose AR,\nShetty NK,\nShalu S,\nAmritha Prasad K,\nSusan TC,\nShetty SS. Quantitative assessment of root resorption in TAD-aided anchorage with and without RAP: a CBCT study on en masse retraction cases. J Orthod Sci. 2023;12(1):4\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"294","article-title":"An evaluation of root resorption associated with the use of photobiomodulation during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a retrospective cohort pilot study","volume":"94","author":"Rossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rossi A,\nLagrav\u00e8re-Vich M,\nHeo G,\nMajor PW,\nEl-Bialy T. An evaluation of root resorption associated with the use of photobiomodulation during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a retrospective cohort pilot study. Angle Orthod. 2024;94(3):294\u2013302."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"320","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by three-dimensional volumetric measurement with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J,\nNing R. Evaluation of root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by three-dimensional volumetric measurement with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(3):320\u2013327."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"13","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the root resorption of maxillary incisors after the orthodontic traction of bicortically impacted canines: case reports","volume":"20","author":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n LE,\nRodr\u00edguez-C\u00e1rdenas YA,\nRu\u00edz-Mora GA,\nAliaga-Del Castillo A,\nSchilling J,\nDias-Da Silveira HL. Three-dimensional evaluation of the root resorption of maxillary incisors after the orthodontic traction of bicortically impacted canines: case reports. Prog Orthod. 2019;20(1):13."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b14","series-title":"Orthod Craniofacial Res","first-page":"59","article-title":"Incisive canal remodelling following maximum anterior retraction reduces apical root resorption","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung CJ,\nNguyen T,\nLee JH,\nKim KH. Incisive canal remodelling following maximum anterior retraction reduces apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofacial Res. 2021;24:59\u201365."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Volumetric cone-beam computed tomography evaluation and risk factor analysis of external apical root resorption with clear aligner therapy","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W,\nShao J,\nLi S, et al. Volumetric cone-beam computed tomography evaluation and risk factor analysis of external apical root resorption with clear aligner therapy. Angle Orthod. 2021;91(5):597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b16","series-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract","first-page":"101803","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of cone-beam computed tomography to diagnose in vivo\/in vitro root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Baena-de la Iglesia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baena-de la Iglesia T,\nYa\u00f1ez-Vico RM,\nIglesias-Linares A. Diagnostic performance of cone-beam computed tomography to diagnose in vivo\/in vitro root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022:101803."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-5-474-b17","series-title":"Beijing J Stomatol","first-page":"335","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic force on upper central incisor\u2019s developing roots","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang RF,\nWang HM,\nBai YX,\nLi S. Effects of orthodontic force on upper central incisor\u2019s developing roots. 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