{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:51:55Z","timestamp":1787025115473,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the influence of lip protrusion and thickness on the perception of facial profile attractiveness among subjects with different ethnic backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>424 participants were divided into four groups (European, Black African, Far Eastern, and Middle Eastern) and further subdivided into two subgroups according to age (18 to 40 and 41 to 60 years). An idealized female profile silhouette image was manipulated to generate 18 images with three different lip thicknesses and six sagittal lip positions. To assess perception of facial profile attractiveness, participants completed the developed questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistically significant differences were found among subjects with different ethnic backgrounds for all images (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). Percent agreement averaged 13.89%. Within each group, scores varied with lip thickness and protrusion, with significant interaction between the two factors. Gender and age had a significant impact on profile attractiveness mean scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ricketts norms for the most favorable lip position to E-line need to be updated. Middle Eastern and Europeans regarded lips positioned + 1 mm to the norm in relation to E-line as the most attractive. Thick lips that were mildly protruded were preferred by Africans. Far Eastern participants preferred normal thickness and thin lips that were protrusive; thick lips were ranked lowest. Among the thick lips, protrusive lips were ranked higher. More personalized and culturally sensitive orthodontic treatment planning is needed to help patients achieve their desired facial esthetic outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/092724-796.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T01:44:05Z","timestamp":1750038245000},"page":"656-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of lip protrusion and thickness on the perception of facial profile attractiveness among subjects with different ethnic backgrounds"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Mais Medhat","family":"Sadek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor and Program Director of MDS Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maei Badr","family":"Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Orthodontist, Al Dhafra Hospitals, United Arab Emirates."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27(1):14\u201337."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b02","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"7","article-title":"The female soft tissue profile as presented in fashion magazines during the 1900s: a photographic analysis","volume":"14","author":"Auger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Auger TA,\nTurley PK. The female soft tissue profile as presented in fashion magazines during the 1900s: a photographic analysis. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1999;14(1):7\u201318."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"832","article-title":"Factors associated with the beauty of soft-tissue profile","volume":"155","author":"Ghorbanyjavadpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghorbanyjavadpour F,\nRakhshan V. Factors associated with the beauty of soft-tissue profile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(6):832\u2013843."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b04","series-title":"Am J Mens Health","first-page":"930","article-title":"The effects of immigration and media influence on body image among Pakistani men","volume":"11","author":"Saghir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saghir S,\nHyland L. The effects of immigration and media influence on body image among Pakistani men. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(4):930\u2013940."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"631","article-title":"Presurgical profile preferences of patients and clinicians","volume":"114","author":"Arpino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arpino VJ,\nGiddon DB,\nBeGole EA,\nEvans CA. Presurgical profile preferences of patients and clinicians. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(6):631\u2013637."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"240","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion in black Americans\u2014an esthetic evaluation and the treatment considerations","volume":"104","author":"Farrow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Farrow AL,\nZarrinnia K,\nAzizi K. Bimaxillary protrusion in black Americans\u2014an esthetic evaluation and the treatment considerations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104(3):240\u2013250."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile of Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces","volume":"72","author":"Hwang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hwang H-S,\nKim W-S,\nMcNamara JA. Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile of Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(1):72\u201380."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effect of facial convexity on antero-posterior lip positions of the most favored Japanese facial profiles","volume":"75","author":"Ioi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ioi H,\nNakata S,\nNakasima A,\nCounts A. Effect of facial convexity on antero-posterior lip positions of the most favored Japanese facial profiles. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(3):326\u2013332."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Esthetic preferences of European American, Hispanic American, Japanese, and African judges for soft-tissue profiles","volume":"135","author":"Nomura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nomura M,\nMotegi E,\nHatch JP, et al. Esthetic preferences of European American, Hispanic American, Japanese, and African judges for soft-tissue profiles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(4):S87\u2013S95."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e291","article-title":"Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"139","author":"Shimomura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimomura T,\nIoi H,\nNakata S,\nCounts AL. Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(4):e291\u2013e297."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b11","series-title":"Aesthet Surg J","first-page":"828","article-title":"Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis","volume":"37","author":"Heidekrueger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidekrueger PI,\nSzpalski C,\nWeichman K, et al. Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(7):828\u2013836."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b12","series-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Lip Measurements and preferences in Asians and Hispanics: a brief review","volume":"10","author":"Kollipara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kollipara R,\nWalker B,\nSturgeon A. Lip Measurements and preferences in Asians and Hispanics: a brief review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(11):19\u201321."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b13","series-title":"Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics by Comparing the Facial Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics By Comparing The Facial Profile View With An Oblique View","author":"Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones B. Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics by Comparing the Facial Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics By Comparing The Facial Profile View With An Oblique View [master\u2019s thesis]. Nova Southeastern University; 2017."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b14","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4589","article-title":"Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid","volume":"13","author":"de Queiroz Hernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Queiroz Hernandez PM,\nCotrin P,\nValarelli FP, et al. Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid. Sci Rep. 2023;13:4589."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27(1):14\u201337."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b02","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"7","article-title":"The female soft tissue profile as presented in fashion magazines during the 1900s: a photographic analysis","volume":"14","author":"Auger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Auger TA,\nTurley PK. The female soft tissue profile as presented in fashion magazines during the 1900s: a photographic analysis. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1999;14(1):7\u201318."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"832","article-title":"Factors associated with the beauty of soft-tissue profile","volume":"155","author":"Ghorbanyjavadpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghorbanyjavadpour F,\nRakhshan V. Factors associated with the beauty of soft-tissue profile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(6):832\u2013843."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b04","series-title":"Am J Mens Health","first-page":"930","article-title":"The effects of immigration and media influence on body image among Pakistani men","volume":"11","author":"Saghir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saghir S,\nHyland L. The effects of immigration and media influence on body image among Pakistani men. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(4):930\u2013940."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"631","article-title":"Presurgical profile preferences of patients and clinicians","volume":"114","author":"Arpino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arpino VJ,\nGiddon DB,\nBeGole EA,\nEvans CA. Presurgical profile preferences of patients and clinicians. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(6):631\u2013637."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"240","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion in black Americans\u2014an esthetic evaluation and the treatment considerations","volume":"104","author":"Farrow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Farrow AL,\nZarrinnia K,\nAzizi K. Bimaxillary protrusion in black Americans\u2014an esthetic evaluation and the treatment considerations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104(3):240\u2013250."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile of Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces","volume":"72","author":"Hwang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hwang H-S,\nKim W-S,\nMcNamara JA. Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profile of Korean and European-American adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(1):72\u201380."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effect of facial convexity on antero-posterior lip positions of the most favored Japanese facial profiles","volume":"75","author":"Ioi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ioi H,\nNakata S,\nNakasima A,\nCounts A. Effect of facial convexity on antero-posterior lip positions of the most favored Japanese facial profiles. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(3):326\u2013332."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Esthetic preferences of European American, Hispanic American, Japanese, and African judges for soft-tissue profiles","volume":"135","author":"Nomura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nomura M,\nMotegi E,\nHatch JP, et al. Esthetic preferences of European American, Hispanic American, Japanese, and African judges for soft-tissue profiles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(4):S87\u2013S95."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e291","article-title":"Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"139","author":"Shimomura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimomura T,\nIoi H,\nNakata S,\nCounts AL. Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(4):e291\u2013e297."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b11","series-title":"Aesthet Surg J","first-page":"828","article-title":"Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis","volume":"37","author":"Heidekrueger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidekrueger PI,\nSzpalski C,\nWeichman K, et al. Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(7):828\u2013836."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b12","series-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Lip Measurements and preferences in Asians and Hispanics: a brief review","volume":"10","author":"Kollipara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kollipara R,\nWalker B,\nSturgeon A. Lip Measurements and preferences in Asians and Hispanics: a brief review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(11):19\u201321."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b13","series-title":"Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics by Comparing the Facial Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics By Comparing The Facial Profile View With An Oblique View","author":"Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones B. Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics by Comparing the Facial Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics By Comparing The Facial Profile View With An Oblique View [master\u2019s thesis]. Nova Southeastern University; 2017."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-6-656-b14","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4589","article-title":"Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid","volume":"13","author":"de Queiroz Hernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Queiroz Hernandez PM,\nCotrin P,\nValarelli FP, et al. Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid. Sci Rep. 2023;13:4589."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/6\/article-p656.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/6\/article-p656.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/6\/article-p656.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1780065692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/6\/article-p656.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092724-796.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}