{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T21:08:21Z","timestamp":1774645701294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Although nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy, nickel-containing orthodontic appliances seldom cause adverse reactions that result in discontinuation of treatment. We report on an eruption of dermatitis in the face and neck of an adult female patient after placement of a rapid maxillary expansion appliance (RME). Because the patient suspected nickel allergy, her tolerance to the appliance material was tested intraorally before treatment by cementing bands on four teeth for a week. No visible adverse reactions were seen during the test. One week after cementation of the RME appliance, the patient reported strong itching of the face and a red rash. Clinical examination showed itchy papular erythema on the face and neck. No intraoral reactions or symptoms were present. The RME appliance was removed, and symptoms disappeared in 4 to 5 days. The patient was referred for a nickel patch test, which gave a strong positive result. Adverse patient reactions of potential allergic origin should be diagnosed carefully, and their possible impact on further treatment should be evaluated accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/092908-509r.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T18:16:20Z","timestamp":1243620980000},"page":"1194-1196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Face and Neck Dermatitis from a Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliance"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Minna","family":"Ehrnrooth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Employee Orthodontist, Oral Clinic, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Kerosuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland; Institute of Clinical Dentistry\/Faculty of Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Corresponding author: Dr Heidi Kerosuo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Troms\u00f8, N-9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway (heidi.kerosuo@uit.no)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"222","article-title":"In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility.","volume":"72","author":"Eliades, T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eliades, T. and A. E.Athanasiou. In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility.Angle Orthod2002. 72:222\u2013237."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b2","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"591","article-title":"Changes in occupational health problems and adverse patient reactions in orthodontics from 1987 to 2000.","volume":"25","author":"Jacobsen, N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacobsen, N. and A.Hensten-Pettersen. Changes in occupational health problems and adverse patient reactions in orthodontics from 1987 to 2000.Eur J Orthod2003. 25:591\u2013598."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b3","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"378","article-title":"Characterization of nickel-induced allergic contact stomatitis associated with fixed orthodontic appliances.","volume":"128","author":"Genelhu, M. C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Genelhu, M. C., M.Marigo, L. F.Alves-Oliveira, L. C.Malaquias, and R. S.Gomez. Characterization of nickel-induced allergic contact stomatitis associated with fixed orthodontic appliances.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 128:378\u2013381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b4","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"154","article-title":"Allergies induced by orthodontic alloys: incidence and impact on treatment.","volume":"65","author":"Schuster, G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schuster, G., R.Reichle, R. R.Bauer, and P. M.Schopf. Allergies induced by orthodontic alloys: incidence and impact on treatment.J Orofac Orthop2004. 65:154\u2013157."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b5","series-title":"Acta Derm Venereol","first-page":"359","article-title":"Nickel sensitization in adolescents and association with ear piercing, use of dental braces and hand eczema.","volume":"82","author":"Mortz, C. G.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mortz, C. G., J. M.Lauritsen, C.Bindslev-Jensen, and K. E.Andersen. Nickel sensitization in adolescents and association with ear piercing, use of dental braces and hand eczema.Acta Derm Venereol2002. 82:359\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b6","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"218","article-title":"Prevalence of nickel allergy among Finnish university students in 1995.","volume":"44","author":"Mattila, L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mattila, L., M.Kilpel\u00e4inen, E. O.Terho, M.Koskenvuo, H.Helenius, and K.Kalimo. Prevalence of nickel allergy among Finnish university students in 1995.Contact Dermatitis2001. 44:218\u2013223."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b7","series-title":"J Environ Monit","first-page":"188","article-title":"Epidemiology of nickel allergy.","volume":"5","author":"Meding, B.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meding, B.\n          \n          Epidemiology of nickel allergy.\n          J Environ Monit\n          2003. 5:188\u2013189."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"789","article-title":"Adverse patient reactions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.","volume":"132","author":"Kerosuo, H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kerosuo, H. and J. E.Dahl. Adverse patient reactions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2007. 132:789\u2013795."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b9","series-title":"Sci Total Environ","first-page":"275","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of nickel dermatitis: sensitization and eliciting threshold concentrations.","volume":"148","author":"Menn\u00e9, T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Menn\u00e9, T.\n          \n          Quantitative aspects of nickel dermatitis: sensitization and eliciting threshold concentrations.\n          Sci Total Environ\n          1994. 148:275\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b10","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"57","article-title":"Experimental nickel elicitation thresholds\u2014a review focusing on occluded nickel exposure.","volume":"52","author":"Fisher, L. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fisher, L. A., T.Menn\u00e9, and J. D.Johansen. Experimental nickel elicitation thresholds\u2014a review focusing on occluded nickel exposure.Contact Dermatitis2005. 52:57\u201364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b11","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"314","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: bioavailability from consumer products and provocation threshold.","volume":"19","author":"Emmett, E. A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Emmett, E. A., T. H.Risby, L.Jiang, S. K.Ng, and S.Feinman. Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: bioavailability from consumer products and provocation threshold.J Am Acad Dermatol1988. 19:314\u2013322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b12","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"980","article-title":"Smoking might be a risk for contact allergy.","volume":"111","author":"Linneberg, A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Linneberg, A., N. H.Nielsen, T.Menn\u00e9, F.Madsen, and T.Jorgensen. Smoking might be a risk for contact allergy.J Allergy Clin Immunol2003. 111:980\u2013984."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b13","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"75","article-title":"Corrosion of silver soldered orthodontic wires.","volume":"40","author":"Berge, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Berge, M., M. R.Gjerdet, and E. S.Erichsen. Corrosion of silver soldered orthodontic wires.Acta Odontol Scand1982. 40:75\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b14","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"300","article-title":"Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals.","volume":"48","author":"Jensen, C. S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jensen, C. S., S.Lisby, O.Baadsgaard, K.Byrialsen, and T.Menn\u00e9. Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals.Contact Dermatitis2003. 48:300\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"148","article-title":"Nickel allergy in adolescents in relation to orthodontic treatment and piercing of ears.","volume":"109","author":"Kerosuo, H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kerosuo, H., A.Kullaa, E.Kerosuo, L.Kanerva, and A.Hensten-Pettersen. Nickel allergy in adolescents in relation to orthodontic treatment and piercing of ears.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 109:148\u2013154."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1194-b16","series-title":"Dermatitis","first-page":"154","article-title":"Cutaneous and oral eruption from oral exposure to nickel in dental braces.","volume":"15","author":"Schultz, J. C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schultz, J. C., E.Connelly, L.Glesne, and E. M.Warchaw. Cutaneous and oral eruption from oral exposure to nickel in dental braces.Dermatitis2004. 15:154\u2013157."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/6\/1194\/1388169\/092908-509r_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1194.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:49:02Z","timestamp":1747356542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1194.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092908-509r.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}