{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:30:39Z","timestamp":1790224239106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To develop a system that automatically recognizes the dentoskeletal traits on cephalograms recorded for preadolescent children and to examine performance reliability.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We obtained 859 lateral cephalograms and divided them into group P (400 films taken from orthodontic patients having permanent dentition) and group M (459 films taken from those having mixed dentition). Fifty-nine cephalograms in group M were reserved for system test, and the remaining cephalograms in groups M and P were used for system development. Using a previously reported method (Yagi and Shibata, 2003), systems <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P+M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> were developed with the knowledge generated from groups M and P+M (combined sample of groups M and P), respectively. The system <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> that had been developed for cephalograms of permanent dentition in our previous report was also employed for comparison. To evaluate performance reliability, the systems examined the 59 reserved cephalograms. The areas of each system-identified anatomic structure surrounding the anatomic landmarks and the positions of each system-identified landmark were compared with the norms in the form of confidence ellipses. The success rates were calculated for <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P+M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The systems successfully identified all of the specified anatomic structures in all of the images. The systems <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P+M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> determined the landmark positions with a mean success rate of 69% (range, 38\u201398%), 82% (range, 50\u2013100%), and 82% (range, 58\u2013100%), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Systems <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S<jats:sub>P+M<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> were confirmed to be accurate and reliable in recognizing the anatomic features on the cephalograms of preadolescent children.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/092909-474.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T19:52:36Z","timestamp":1277495556000},"page":"812-820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Automatic recognition of anatomic features on cephalograms of preadolescent children"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Tanikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b01","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"191","article-title":"The Saskatchewan pediatric bone mineral accrual study: bone mineral acquisition during the growing years.","volume":"18","author":"Bailey, D. A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bailey, D. A.\n          \n          The Saskatchewan pediatric bone mineral accrual study: bone mineral acquisition during the growing years.\n          Int J Sports Med\n          1997. 18:191\u2013194."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b02","series-title":"Oral Radiology. 4th ed","first-page":"75","author":"Pharoah, W.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pharoah, W.\n          \n          Oral Radiology. 4th ed. St Louis, MoMosby. 1981. 75\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b03","series-title":"Dental Radiology. 5th ed","first-page":"43","author":"Wuehrmann, A. H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wuehrmann, A. H.\n          \n          Dental Radiology. 5th ed. St Louis, MoMosby. 1981. 43\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b04","series-title":"Facial Growth. 3rd ed","first-page":"35","author":"Enlow, D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Enlow, D.\n          \n          Facial Growth. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PaWB Saunders. 1975. 35\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"123","article-title":"A concept of cephalometric interpretation.","volume":"33","author":"Dreyer, C. J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Dreyer, C. J.\n          \n          A concept of cephalometric interpretation.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1963. 33:123\u2013126."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Automated cephalometry: system performance reliability using landmark-dependent criteria.","volume":"79","author":"Tanikawa, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanikawa, C., M.Yagi, and K.Takada. Automated cephalometry: system performance reliability using landmark-dependent criteria.Angle Orthod2009. 79:1037\u20131046."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b07","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Networks","first-page":"1144","article-title":"An image representation algorithm compatible to neural-associative-processor-based hardware recognition systems.","volume":"14","author":"Yagi, M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yagi, M. and T.Shibata. An image representation algorithm compatible to neural-associative-processor-based hardware recognition systems.IEEE Trans Neural Networks2003. 14:1144\u20131161."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b08","series-title":"Dental Cosmos","first-page":"250","article-title":"A preliminary study in development as it affects the human face.","volume":"69","author":"Hellman, M.","year":"1927","unstructured":"Hellman, M.\n          \n          A preliminary study in development as it affects the human face.\n          Dental Cosmos\n          1927. 69:250\u2013269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b09","series-title":"Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. 2nd ed","first-page":"1","author":"Walpole, R. E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Walpole, R. E. and R. H.Myers. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. 2nd ed. New York, NYMacmillan Publishing Co. 1978. 1\u2013730."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"A study of roentgenocephalometric bony landmarks.","volume":"59","author":"Van der Linden, F. P. G. M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Van der Linden, F. P. G. M.\n          \n          A study of roentgenocephalometric bony landmarks.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1971. 59:111\u2013125."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b11","series-title":"Human Dentofacial Growth. 1st ed","first-page":"47","author":"Goose, D. H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Goose, D. H. and J.Appleton. Human Dentofacial Growth. 1st ed. Oxford, UKPergamon Press. 1982. 47\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"Limitations of roentgenographic cephalometrics.","volume":"50","author":"Salzmann, J. A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Salzmann, J. A.\n          \n          Limitations of roentgenographic cephalometrics.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1964. 50:169\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"603","article-title":"Variability of cephalometric landmarks used for face growth studies.","volume":"61","author":"Sekiguchi, T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sekiguchi, T. and B. S.Savara. Variability of cephalometric landmarks used for face growth studies.Am J Orthod1972. 61:603\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-812-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"619","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a new edge-based computerized method for identification of cephalometric landmarks.","volume":"76","author":"Kazandjian, S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kazandjian, S., S.Kiliaridis, and A.Mavropoulos. Validity and reliability of a new edge-based computerized method for identification of cephalometric landmarks.Angle Orthod2006. 76:619\u2013624."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p812.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p812.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p812.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:51:30Z","timestamp":1747356690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p812.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092909-474.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}