{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:32:05Z","timestamp":1784129525818,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the relationship between soft tissue and bone structure for Class III patients before and after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery; to determine the impact of other factors on soft tissue change; and to evaluate correlations between thickness of tissue before surgery, SNA, SNB, and ANB angles, and soft tissue changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study included 78 Class III patients treated only with BSSO or with BSSO and Le Fort I osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and 3\u00a0months to 1\u00a0year after surgery. After all points of the Zagreb82 and Legan and Burstone profile analysis were traced, the ratio of five soft tissue points before and after surgery was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Soft tissue between points Sn and A and upper lip showed statistically significant changes for patients treated with bimaxillary surgery and BSSO. Only gender had an influence on soft tissue change. The correlation between soft tissue thickness and changes after surgery was significant. A change in SNB angle correlated with upper lip thickness for patients treated with BSSO but not for patients treated with BSSO and Le Fort I. SNA angle changes correlated with soft tissue changes between points Sn and A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Results of this study show soft tissue changes after BSSO and BSSO and Le Fort I and eliminate the deficiencies that were indicated in the meta-analysis of soft tissue changes from a previous study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/100112-775.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T09:41:13Z","timestamp":1363167673000},"page":"817-823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Soft tissue changes after mandibular setback and bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Davor","family":"Joki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dra\u017een","family":"Joki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedran","family":"Ugle\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Macan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, School of Dental Medicine, University Zagreb, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Kne\u017eevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"236","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile after mandibular setback surgery in Class III subjects","volume":"38","author":"Marsan\n G,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsan\n G, \n \n Oztas\n E. \n \n Kuvat\n SV. \n \n Cura\n N, \n \n Emekli\n U. \n \n Changes in soft tissue profile after mandibular setback surgery in Class III subjects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:236\u2013240."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"845","article-title":"Outcome of orthognathic surgery in Chinese patients. A subjective and objective evaluation","volume":"77","author":"Chew\n MT,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chew\n MT, \n \n Sandham\n A. \n \n Soh\n J, \n \n Wong\n HB. \n \n Outcome of orthognathic surgery in Chinese patients. A subjective and objective evaluation. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:845\u2013850."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b03","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss\n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss\n CU, \n \n Joss-Vassalli\n IM, \n \n Berge\n SJ, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2792\u20132801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b04","series-title":"Acta Stomatol Croat","first-page":"169","article-title":"New parameters for roentgencephalometric analysis \u201cZagreb 82 MOD.\u201d","volume":"38","author":"Muretic\n Z,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muretic\n Z, \n \n Lapter-Varga\n M. \n \n New parameters for roentgencephalometric analysis \u201cZagreb 82 MOD.\u201d\n Acta Stomatol Croat. 2004;38:169\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b05","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"744","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"38","author":"Legan\n HL,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Legan\n HL, \n \n Burstone\n CJ. \n \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980;38:744\u2013751."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b06","author":"Lenth\n RV.","unstructured":"Lenth\n RV. \n \n Java Applets for Power and Sample Size [computer program]; 2006\u20132009. Retrieved October 21st, 2011, from reference #6: http:\/\/www.stat.uiowa.edu\/\u223crlenth\/Power"},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b07","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"220","article-title":"Prevalence of dentofacial characteristics in a Belgian orthodontic population","volume":"5","author":"Willems\n G,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Willems\n G, \n \n De Bruyne\n I, \n \n Verdonck\n A, \n \n Fieuws\n S, \n \n Carels\n C. \n \n Prevalence of dentofacial characteristics in a Belgian orthodontic population. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5:220\u2013226."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"709","article-title":"Prospective, multi-center study of the effectiveness of orthodontic\/orthognathic surgery care in the United Kingdom","volume":"135","author":"O'Brien\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"O'Brien\n K, \n \n Wright\n J, \n \n Conboy\n F, \n et al. \n Prospective, multi-center study of the effectiveness of orthodontic\/orthognathic surgery care in the United Kingdom. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:709\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b09","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Motives for surgical-orthodontic treatment and effect of treatment on psychosocial well-being and satisfaction: a prospective study of 118 patients","volume":"69","author":"Oland\n J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oland\n J, \n \n Jensen\n J, \n \n Elklit\n A, \n \n Melsen\n B. \n \n Motives for surgical-orthodontic treatment and effect of treatment on psychosocial well-being and satisfaction: a prospective study of 118 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b10","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"360","article-title":"Multicentre study of operating time and inpatient stay for orthognathic surgery","volume":"48","author":"Garg\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garg\n M, \n \n Cascarini\n L, \n \n Coombes\n DM, \n et al. \n Multicentre study of operating time and inpatient stay for orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;48:360\u2013363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"492","article-title":"Changing patterns of hospital length of stay after orthognathic surgery","volume":"66","author":"Huaman\n ET,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huaman\n ET, \n \n Juvet\n LM, \n \n Nastri\n A, \n et al. \n Changing patterns of hospital length of stay after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:492\u2013497."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"295","article-title":"Components of adult Class III malocclusion","volume":"42","author":"Ellis\n E\n III,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ellis\n E\n III, and McNamaraJAJr. \n Components of adult Class III malocclusion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42:295\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"359","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"30","author":"Naoumova\n J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Naoumova\n J, \n \n Soderfeldt\n B, \n \n Lindman\n R. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:359\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stability and effect on the soft tissue profile of mandibular setback with sagittal split osteotomy and rigid internal fixation","volume":"10","author":"Ingervall\n B,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ingervall\n B, \n \n Thuer\n U, \n \n Vuillemin\n T. \n \n Stability and effect on the soft tissue profile of mandibular setback with sagittal split osteotomy and rigid internal fixation. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1995;10:15\u201325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"71","author":"Mobarak\n KA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA, \n \n Krogstad\n O. \n \n Espeland\n L, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:216\u2013227."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"236","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile after mandibular setback surgery in Class III subjects","volume":"38","author":"Marsan\n G,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsan\n G, \n \n Oztas\n E. \n \n Kuvat\n SV. \n \n Cura\n N, \n \n Emekli\n U. \n \n Changes in soft tissue profile after mandibular setback surgery in Class III subjects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:236\u2013240."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"845","article-title":"Outcome of orthognathic surgery in Chinese patients. A subjective and objective evaluation","volume":"77","author":"Chew\n MT,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chew\n MT, \n \n Sandham\n A. \n \n Soh\n J, \n \n Wong\n HB. \n \n Outcome of orthognathic surgery in Chinese patients. A subjective and objective evaluation. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:845\u2013850."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b03","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss\n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss\n CU, \n \n Joss-Vassalli\n IM, \n \n Berge\n SJ, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2792\u20132801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b04","series-title":"Acta Stomatol Croat","first-page":"169","article-title":"New parameters for roentgencephalometric analysis \u201cZagreb 82 MOD.\u201d","volume":"38","author":"Muretic\n Z,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muretic\n Z, \n \n Lapter-Varga\n M. \n \n New parameters for roentgencephalometric analysis \u201cZagreb 82 MOD.\u201d\n Acta Stomatol Croat. 2004;38:169\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b05","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"744","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"38","author":"Legan\n HL,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Legan\n HL, \n \n Burstone\n CJ. \n \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980;38:744\u2013751."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b06","author":"Lenth\n RV.","unstructured":"Lenth\n RV. \n \n Java Applets for Power and Sample Size [computer program]; 2006\u20132009. Retrieved October 21st, 2011, from reference #6: http:\/\/www.stat.uiowa.edu\/\u223crlenth\/Power"},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b07","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"220","article-title":"Prevalence of dentofacial characteristics in a Belgian orthodontic population","volume":"5","author":"Willems\n G,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Willems\n G, \n \n De Bruyne\n I, \n \n Verdonck\n A, \n \n Fieuws\n S, \n \n Carels\n C. \n \n Prevalence of dentofacial characteristics in a Belgian orthodontic population. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5:220\u2013226."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"709","article-title":"Prospective, multi-center study of the effectiveness of orthodontic\/orthognathic surgery care in the United Kingdom","volume":"135","author":"O'Brien\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"O'Brien\n K, \n \n Wright\n J, \n \n Conboy\n F, \n et al. \n Prospective, multi-center study of the effectiveness of orthodontic\/orthognathic surgery care in the United Kingdom. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:709\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b09","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Motives for surgical-orthodontic treatment and effect of treatment on psychosocial well-being and satisfaction: a prospective study of 118 patients","volume":"69","author":"Oland\n J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oland\n J, \n \n Jensen\n J, \n \n Elklit\n A, \n \n Melsen\n B. \n \n Motives for surgical-orthodontic treatment and effect of treatment on psychosocial well-being and satisfaction: a prospective study of 118 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b10","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"360","article-title":"Multicentre study of operating time and inpatient stay for orthognathic surgery","volume":"48","author":"Garg\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garg\n M, \n \n Cascarini\n L, \n \n Coombes\n DM, \n et al. \n Multicentre study of operating time and inpatient stay for orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;48:360\u2013363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"492","article-title":"Changing patterns of hospital length of stay after orthognathic surgery","volume":"66","author":"Huaman\n ET,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huaman\n ET, \n \n Juvet\n LM, \n \n Nastri\n A, \n et al. \n Changing patterns of hospital length of stay after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:492\u2013497."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"295","article-title":"Components of adult Class III malocclusion","volume":"42","author":"Ellis\n E\n III,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ellis\n E\n III, and McNamaraJAJr. \n Components of adult Class III malocclusion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42:295\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"359","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"30","author":"Naoumova\n J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Naoumova\n J, \n \n Soderfeldt\n B, \n \n Lindman\n R. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:359\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stability and effect on the soft tissue profile of mandibular setback with sagittal split osteotomy and rigid internal fixation","volume":"10","author":"Ingervall\n B,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ingervall\n B, \n \n Thuer\n U, \n \n Vuillemin\n T. \n \n Stability and effect on the soft tissue profile of mandibular setback with sagittal split osteotomy and rigid internal fixation. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1995;10:15\u201325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-5-817-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"71","author":"Mobarak\n KA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA, \n \n Krogstad\n O. \n \n Espeland\n L, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:216\u2013227."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/5\/article-p817.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/83\/5\/817\/1396816\/100112-775_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/5\/article-p817.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/5\/article-p817.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:08:48Z","timestamp":1780070928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/5\/article-p817.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/100112-775.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}