{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:51:36Z","timestamp":1789674696307,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the influence of personality traits in addition to quality of life (QoL) on the decision to accept orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 108 patients (68% female) aged 14\u201353 years (median, 18 years; interquartile range, 17\u201325.75 years), with skeletal malocclusions of Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need grades 3\u20135 (moderate to very great need for surgery) were included in this cross-sectional study. Personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, consciousness, perfectionism, and self-esteem and dimensions of Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire were compared between patients who accepted orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery and those who refused (n = 55 vs 53).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients who accepted the suggested surgical procedure had higher age, perfectionism, facial esthetic (FE) concern, social aspect, and impairment of oral function (OF) as well as lower self-esteem with small to medium effect sizes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 .040;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.198\u20130.399). Other personality traits and awareness of dentofacial deformity did not differ between the groups. In multiple logistic regression analysis, while controlling for sex, perfectionism, and self-esteem, the following predictors of acceptance of orthognathic surgery were higher: FE concern (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3\u20139.1), OF (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0\u20138.6), and age \u226518 years (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0\u20137.1;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness do not significantly affect a patient's decision to accept orthognathic surgery. The influence of self-esteem and perfectionism is primarily on perception of alteration of QoL induced by dentofacial deformity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/100121-735.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T11:22:44Z","timestamp":1644837764000},"page":"521-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influence of personality traits on a patient's decision to accept orthognathic surgery for correction of dentofacial deformity"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Renata","family":"Vidakovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vjera","family":"Perkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stjepan","family":"Spalj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"974","article-title":"Quality of life assessment in patients with dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery\u2014a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Soh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soh\n CL,\n \n \n Narayanan\n V.\n \n \n Quality of life assessment in patients with dentofacial 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Converging evidence that self-esteem serves and anxiety-buffering function.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pers Soc Pscychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t63:\n\t\t\t\t\t913\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t922."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b30","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"257","article-title":"The evolution in self-esteem before, during and after orthodontic treatment in adolescents with dental malocclusions, a prospective cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Avontrood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avontrood\n S,\n \n \n Lemiere\n J,\n \n \n Cadenas de Llano-Perula\n M,\n \n \n Verdonck\n A,\n \n \n Laenen\n A,\n \n \n Willems\n G.\n \n \n The evolution in self-esteem before, during and after orthodontic treatment in adolescents with dental malocclusions, a prospective cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t257\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t262."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b31","series-title":"Pers Individ Dif","first-page":"799","article-title":"Social skills and self-esteem","volume":"11","author":"Riggio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Riggio\n RE,\n \n \n Throckmorton\n B,\n \n \n DePaula\n S.\n \n \n Social skills and self-esteem.\n\t\t\t\t\tPers Individ Dif.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t799\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t804."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b32","series-title":"Plast Reconstruc Surg","first-page":"1806","article-title":"Perfectionism and interest in cosmetic surgery","volume":"115","author":"Sherry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sherry\n S,\n \n \n Hewitt\n O,\n \n \n Lee-Baggley\n D,\n \n \n Flett\n G,\n \n \n Besser\n A.\n \n \n Perfectionism and interest in cosmetic surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tPlast Reconstruc Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t115:\n\t\t\t\t\t1806\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1807."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b33","series-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol","first-page":"1303","article-title":"The interpersonal expression of perfectionism: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress","volume":"84","author":"Hewitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hewitt\n P,\n \n \n Flett\n G,\n \n \n Sherry\n S,\n \n \n Habke\n M,\n \n \n Parkin\n M,\n \n \n Lam\n RW,\n \n et al.\n \n The interpersonal expression of perfectionism: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pers Soc Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t84:\n\t\t\t\t\t1303."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b34","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"409","article-title":"Dentofacial deformities and implications on quality of life: a presurgical multifactorial analysis in patients seeking orthognathic surgical treatment","volume":"77","author":"Mendes de Paula Gomes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mendes de Paula Gomes\n A,\n \n \n Adas Saliba Garbin\n C,\n \n \n da Silva Ferraz\n FW,\n \n \n Adas Saliba\n T,\n \n \n Isper Garbin\n AJ.\n \n \n Dentofacial deformities and implications on quality of life: a presurgical multifactorial analysis in patients seeking orthognathic surgical treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t409."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b35","series-title":"Annu Rev Psychol","first-page":"403","article-title":"Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life","volume":"54","author":"Diener","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diener\n E,\n \n \n Oishi\n S,\n \n \n Lucas\n RE.\n \n \n Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnnu Rev Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t403\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t425."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b36","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic pain on quality of life of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment","volume":"29","author":"Banerjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banerjee\n S,\n \n \n Banerjee\n R,\n \n \n Shenoy\n U,\n \n \n Agarkar\n S,\n \n \n Bhattacharya\n S.\n \n \n Effects of orthodontic pain on quality of life of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t4\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"974","article-title":"Quality of life assessment in patients with dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery\u2014a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Soh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soh\n CL,\n \n \n Narayanan\n V.\n \n \n Quality of life assessment in patients with dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery\u2014a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t974\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t980."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b02","series-title":"Body Image","first-page":"38","article-title":"Social comparisons on social media: the impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood","volume":"13","author":"Fardouly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fardouly\n J,\n \n \n Diedrichs\n PC,\n \n \n Vartanian\n LR,\n \n \n Halliwell\n E.\n \n \n Social comparisons on social media: the impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood.\n\t\t\t\t\tBody Image.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t38\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t45."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b03","series-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","first-page":"229","article-title":"Cosmetic surgery and self-esteem in South Korea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Sanghoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanghoo\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n YA.\n \n \n Cosmetic surgery and self-esteem in South Korea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAesthetic Plast Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t44:\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t238."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b04","series-title":"Clin Plast Surg","first-page":"741","article-title":"The surgical tools: the LeFort I, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible, and the osseous genioplasty","volume":"45","author":"Patel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patel\n PK,\n \n \n Novia\n MV.\n \n \n The surgical tools: the LeFort I, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible, and the osseous genioplasty.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Plast Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t45:\n\t\t\t\t\t741\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t747."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b05","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"372","article-title":"Duration of orthognathic-surgical treatment","volume":"75","author":"Paunonen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paunonen\n J,\n \n \n Helminen\n M,\n \n \n Peltomaki\n T.\n \n \n Duration of orthognathic-surgical treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t372\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t375."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b06","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"77","article-title":"An index of orthognathic functional treatment need (IOFTN)","volume":"41","author":"Ireland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ireland\n AJ,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n Petrie\n A,\n \n \n Cobourne\n MT,\n \n \n Acharya\n P,\n \n \n Sandy\n JR,\n \n et al.\n \n An index of orthognathic functional treatment need (IOFTN).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t77\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t83."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"643","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatments","volume":"37","author":"Clijmans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clijmans\n M,\n \n \n Lemiere\n J,\n \n \n Fieuws\n S,\n \n \n Willems\n G.\n \n \n Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatments.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t37:\n\t\t\t\t\t643\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t650."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b08","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"277","article-title":"Dentofacial deformity and orthognatic surgery: influence on self-esteem and aspects of quality of life","volume":"49","author":"Belusic Gobic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belusic Gobic\n M,\n \n \n Kralj\n M,\n \n \n Harmicar\n D,\n \n \n Cerovic\n R,\n \n \n Mady Maricic\n B,\n \n \n Spalj\n S.\n \n \n Dentofacial deformity and orthognatic surgery: influence on self-esteem and aspects of quality of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniomaxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t49:\n\t\t\t\t\t277\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t281."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b09","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2192","article-title":"Assessing the quality of life in patients with dentofacial deformities before and after orthognathic surgery","volume":"76","author":"Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun\n H,\n \n \n Shang\n HT,\n \n \n He\n LS,\n \n \n Ding\n MC,\n \n \n Su\n ZP,\n \n \n Shi\n YL.\n \n \n Assessing the quality of life in patients with dentofacial deformities before and after orthognathic surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t2192\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2201."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?","volume":"139","author":"Agou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agou\n S,\n \n \n Locker\n D,\n \n \n Muirhead\n V,\n \n \n Tompson\n B,\n \n \n Streiner\n DL.\n \n \n Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n 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oral health-related quality of life in adolescents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"88","author":"Aydogan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aydogan\n C.\n \n \n Extraversion and openness to experience moderate the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t88:\n\t\t\t\t\t617\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t623."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b13","series-title":"J Cross-Cult Psychol","first-page":"173","article-title":"The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations","volume":"38","author":"Schmitt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmitt\n DP,\n \n \n Allik\n J,\n \n \n McCrae\n RR,\n \n \n Benet-Martinez\n V.\n \n \n The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Cross-Cult Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t173\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t212."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b14","series-title":"Perspect Pscyhol Sci","first-page":"313","article-title":"The power of personality: the comparative validity of personality traits, socioeconomic status and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roberts\n BW,\n \n \n Kuncel\n NR,\n \n \n Shiner\n R,\n \n \n Caspi\n A,\n \n \n Golbert\n LR.\n \n \n The power of personality: the comparative validity of personality traits, socioeconomic status and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tPerspect Pscyhol Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t313\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t345."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b15","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"234","article-title":"The role of neuroticism, pain catastrophing, and pain related fear in vigilance to pain: a structural equations approach","volume":"107;","author":"Goubert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goubert\n L,\n \n \n Crombez\n G,\n \n \n Van Damme\n S.\n \n \n The role of neuroticism, pain catastrophing, and pain related fear in vigilance to pain: a structural equations approach.\n\t\t\t\t\tPain.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t107;234\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t241."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b16","series-title":"Pers Individ Differ","first-page":"815","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS): appraisal with 1700 healthy young adults in the Netherlands","volume":"88","author":"Arrindel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arrindel\n WA,\n \n \n Heesnik\n J,\n \n \n Feij\n JA.\n \n \n The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS): appraisal with 1700 healthy young adults in the Netherlands.\n\t\t\t\t\tPers Individ Differ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t88:\n\t\t\t\t\t815\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t826."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b17","series-title":"Pers Individ Diff","first-page":"481","article-title":"The Frost Multidimensional perfectionism scale revisited: more perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions","volume":"24","author":"Stober","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stober\n J.\n \n \n The Frost Multidimensional perfectionism scale revisited: more perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions.\n\t\t\t\t\tPers Individ Diff.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t481\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t491."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b18","series-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull","first-page":"151","article-title":"Measuring global self-esteem: construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale","volume":"27","author":"Robins","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robins\n RW,\n \n \n Hendin\n HM,\n \n \n Trzesniewski\n KH.\n \n \n Measuring global self-esteem: construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tPers Soc Psychol Bull.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t151\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t161."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"173","article-title":"Orthognathic quality of life: what are we measuring","volume":"32","author":"Vidakovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vidakovic\n R,\n \n \n Zigante\n M,\n \n \n Perkovic\n V,\n \n \n Zibar Belasic\n T,\n \n \n Uhac\n M,\n \n \n Spalj\n S.\n \n \n Orthognathic quality of life: what are we measuring?\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t173\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t178."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b20","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument","volume":"28","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n Garratt\n AM,\n \n \n Hunt\n NP.\n \n \n Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument.\n\t\t\t\t\tCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t195\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t201."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b21","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"e1184","article-title":"Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish language version of the questionnaire OQLQ for the assessment of quality of life in orthognathic patients","volume":"10","author":"Sanchez-Burgos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanchez-Burgos\n R,\n \n \n Martinez-Gimeno\n C,\n \n \n Arribas-Garcia\n I,\n \n \n Gomez-Oliveira\n G,\n \n \n Alvarez-Flores\n M,\n \n \n Garcia-Hernandez\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish language version of the questionnaire OQLQ for the assessment of quality of life in orthognathic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Exp Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\te1184\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te1191."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b22","series-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med","first-page":"71","article-title":"Difference in quality of life according to severity of malocclusion in Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"212","author":"Tajima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tajima\n M,\n \n \n Kohzuki\n M,\n \n \n Azuma\n S,\n \n \n Saeki\n S,\n \n \n Meguro\n M,\n \n \n Sugawara\n J.\n \n \n Difference in quality of life according to severity of malocclusion in Japanese orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tTohoku J Exp Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t212:\n\t\t\t\t\t71\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t80."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b23","series-title":"J Res Pers","first-page":"84","article-title":"Ten facet scales for the Big Five Inventory: convergence with NEO PI-R facets, self-peer agreement, and discriminant validity","volume":"43","author":"Soto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soto\n CJ,\n \n \n John\n OP.\n \n \n Ten facet scales for the Big Five Inventory: convergence with NEO PI-R facets, self-peer agreement, and discriminant validity.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Res Pers.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t43:\n\t\t\t\t\t84\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t90."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b24","series-title":"Cognit Ther Res","first-page":"449","article-title":"The dimensions of perfectionism","volume":"14","author":"Frost","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frost\n RO,\n \n \n Marten\n P,\n \n \n Lahart\n C,\n \n \n Rosenblate\n R.\n \n \n The dimensions of perfectionism.\n\t\t\t\t\tCognit Ther Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t14:\n\t\t\t\t\t449\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t468."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b25","series-title":"Psychol Belg","first-page":"25","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Dutch Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale","volume":"48","author":"Franck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franck\n E,\n \n \n De Raedt\n R,\n \n \n Barbez\n C,\n \n \n Rosseel\n Y.\n \n \n Psychometric properties of the Dutch Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychol Belg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t48:\n\t\t\t\t\t25\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"361","article-title":"Self-perception of dentofacial attractiveness among patients requiring orthognathic surgery","volume":"80","author":"Johnston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnston\n C,\n \n \n Hunt\n O,\n \n \n Burden\n D,\n \n \n Stevenson\n M,\n \n \n Hepper\n P.\n \n \n Self-perception of dentofacial attractiveness among patients requiring orthognathic surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t80:\n\t\t\t\t\t361\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t366."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"899","article-title":"Personality traits as potential predictor of willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments","volume":"83","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen\n V,\n \n \n Liu\n SSY,\n \n \n Schrader\n SM,\n \n \n Dean\n JA,\n \n \n Stewart\n KT.\n \n \n Personality traits as potential predictor of willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:\n\t\t\t\t\t899\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t905."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b28","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"1267","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire\u2014translation and cultural validation in Croatia","volume":"23","author":"Spalj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spalj\n S,\n \n \n Lajnert\n V,\n \n \n Ivankovic\n L.\n \n \n The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire\u2014translation and cultural validation in Croatia.\n\t\t\t\t\tQual Life Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t23:\n\t\t\t\t\t1267\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1271."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b29","series-title":"J Pers Soc Pscychol","first-page":"913","article-title":"Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves and anxiety-buffering function","volume":"63","author":"Greenberg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Greenberg\n J,\n \n \n Solomon\n S,\n \n \n Pyszcynski\n T,\n \n \n Rosenblatt\n A,\n \n \n Burling\n J,\n \n \n Lyon\n D,\n \n et al.\n \n Why do people need self-esteem? 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self-esteem","volume":"11","author":"Riggio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Riggio\n RE,\n \n \n Throckmorton\n B,\n \n \n DePaula\n S.\n \n \n Social skills and self-esteem.\n\t\t\t\t\tPers Individ Dif.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t799\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t804."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b32","series-title":"Plast Reconstruc Surg","first-page":"1806","article-title":"Perfectionism and interest in cosmetic surgery","volume":"115","author":"Sherry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sherry\n S,\n \n \n Hewitt\n O,\n \n \n Lee-Baggley\n D,\n \n \n Flett\n G,\n \n \n Besser\n A.\n \n \n Perfectionism and interest in cosmetic surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tPlast Reconstruc Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t115:\n\t\t\t\t\t1806\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1807."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b33","series-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol","first-page":"1303","article-title":"The interpersonal expression of perfectionism: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress","volume":"84","author":"Hewitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hewitt\n P,\n \n \n Flett\n G,\n \n \n Sherry\n S,\n \n \n Habke\n M,\n \n \n Parkin\n M,\n \n \n Lam\n RW,\n \n et al.\n \n The interpersonal expression of perfectionism: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pers Soc Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t84:\n\t\t\t\t\t1303."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-4-521-b34","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"409","article-title":"Dentofacial deformities and implications on quality of life: a presurgical multifactorial analysis in patients seeking orthognathic surgical treatment","volume":"77","author":"Mendes de Paula Gomes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mendes de Paula Gomes\n A,\n \n \n Adas Saliba Garbin\n C,\n \n \n da Silva Ferraz\n FW,\n \n \n Adas Saliba\n T,\n \n \n Isper Garbin\n AJ.\n \n \n Dentofacial deformities and implications on quality of life: a presurgical multifactorial analysis in patients seeking 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Effects of orthodontic pain on quality of life of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t4\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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