{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:37:06Z","timestamp":1788025026159,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine patient perceptions and attitudes regarding posttreatment changes at least 2 years after completion of orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 125 patients (75 females, 50 males, aged 22.93 \u00b1 2.98 years) were enrolled at least 2 years after debonding. Participants had either vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) or bonded retainers (BRs). Posttreatment changes were evaluated digitally by comparing tooth positions at debonding and at least 2 years after debonding. A questionnaire was used to assess patient attitudes. Retainer usage, awareness of relapse, satisfaction with their current occlusion, and whether posttreatment changes were severe enough for them to consider retreatment were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n All patients showed some posttreatment changes in irregularity. Only 74% of patients wearing VFRs and 47.1% of patients wearing BRs were aware of posttreatment changes. Patients were more likely to notice posttreatment changes if there was an increase in mandibular irregularity of 1\u20133 mm. Awareness of posttreatment changes in the upper arch was higher in both groups. The majority of participants were satisfied with the results even if they noticed some minor posttreatment changes (VFR, 69.4%; BR, 76.5%). Dissatisfaction with posttreatment changes did not necessarily mean that a patient wanted retreatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n A total of 26% of patients wearing VFRs and 52.9% of patients wearing BRs were unaware of posttreatment changes. Approximately half of the patients who noticed posttreatment changes were still satisfied with the result 2 years after debonding. Even patients dissatisfied with the effect of posttreatment changes do not necessarily want retreatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/100222-677.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T08:53:24Z","timestamp":1679475204000},"page":"440-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Patient perceptions and attitudes regarding post\u2013orthodontic treatment changes"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Nurver","family":"Karsl\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irmak","family":"Ocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"G\u00fclnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"T\u00fcz\u00fcner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Littlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?","volume":"113","author":"Melrose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melrose\n C,\n \n \n Millet\n DT.\n \n \n Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t113:\n\t\t\t\t\t507\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t514."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b02","series-title":"Ortho Update","first-page":"43","article-title":"Why do orthodontic cases relapse?","volume":"2","author":"Littlewood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Russell\n JS,\n \n \n Spencer\n RS.\n \n \n Why do orthodontic cases relapse?\n \n Ortho Update\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b03","series-title":"Brit Dent J","first-page":"703","article-title":"Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications","volume":"230","author":"Kucera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kucera\n J,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrit Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t230(11):\n\t\t\t\t\t703\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t716."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"387","article-title":"Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 1: stability, retainer survival, and patient satisfaction outcomes after 12 months","volume":"40","author":"Forde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forde\n K,\n \n \n Storey\n M,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Scott\n P,\n \n \n Luther\n F,\n \n \n Kang\n J.\n \n \n Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 1: stability, retainer survival, and patient satisfaction outcomes after 12 months.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t40:\n\t\t\t\t\t387\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t398."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"592","article-title":"Mixed-methods assessment of perceptions of mandibular anterior malalignment for re-treatment","volume":"150","author":"Kearney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kearney\n MK,\n \n \n Pandis\n N,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Mixed-methods assessment of perceptions of mandibular anterior malalignment for re-treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t150:\n\t\t\t\t\t592\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t600."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b06","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"e61","article-title":"Perception of dental professionals and lay persons to altered mandibular incisors crowding","volume":"1","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alqahtani\n N,\n \n \n Preston\n B,\n \n \n Guan\n G.\n \n \n Perception of dental professionals and lay persons to altered mandibular incisors crowding.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t1(2):\n\t\t\t\t\te61\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te65."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b07","series-title":"J Esthet Dent","first-page":"311","article-title":"Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics","volume":"11","author":"Kokich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kokich\n VO,\n \n \n Kiyak\n HA,\n \n \n Shapiro\n PA.\n \n \n Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t311\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t324."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"579","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered maxillary incisor crowding","volume":"146","author":"Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma\n W,\n \n \n Preston\n B,\n \n \n Asai\n Y,\n \n \n Guan\n H,\n \n \n Guan\n G.\n \n \n Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered maxillary incisor crowding.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t146:\n\t\t\t\t\t579\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t586."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b09","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Colonio Salazar\n FB,\n \n \n Johai\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"394","article-title":"Young person's experiences of orthodontic retainers: a qualitative study","volume":"49","author":"Frawley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frawley\n T,\n \n \n Parkin\n N,\n \n \n Kettle\n J,\n \n \n Longstaff\n S,\n \n \n Benson\n P.\n \n \n Young person's experiences of orthodontic retainers: a qualitative study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t394\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t402."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?","volume":"113","author":"Melrose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melrose\n C,\n \n \n Millet\n DT.\n \n \n Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t113:\n\t\t\t\t\t507\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t514."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b02","series-title":"Ortho Update","first-page":"43","article-title":"Why do orthodontic cases relapse?","volume":"2","author":"Littlewood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Russell\n JS,\n \n \n Spencer\n RS.\n \n \n Why do orthodontic cases relapse?\n \n Ortho Update\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b03","series-title":"Brit Dent J","first-page":"703","article-title":"Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications","volume":"230","author":"Kucera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kucera\n J,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrit Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t230(11):\n\t\t\t\t\t703\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t716."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"387","article-title":"Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 1: stability, retainer survival, and patient satisfaction outcomes after 12 months","volume":"40","author":"Forde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forde\n K,\n \n \n Storey\n M,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Scott\n P,\n \n \n Luther\n F,\n \n \n Kang\n J.\n \n \n Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 1: stability, retainer survival, and patient satisfaction outcomes after 12 months.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t40:\n\t\t\t\t\t387\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t398."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"592","article-title":"Mixed-methods assessment of perceptions of mandibular anterior malalignment for re-treatment","volume":"150","author":"Kearney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kearney\n MK,\n \n \n Pandis\n N,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Mixed-methods assessment of perceptions of mandibular anterior malalignment for re-treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t150:\n\t\t\t\t\t592\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t600."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b06","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"e61","article-title":"Perception of dental professionals and lay persons to altered mandibular incisors crowding","volume":"1","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alqahtani\n N,\n \n \n Preston\n B,\n \n \n Guan\n G.\n \n \n Perception of dental professionals and lay persons to altered mandibular incisors crowding.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t1(2):\n\t\t\t\t\te61\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te65."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b07","series-title":"J Esthet Dent","first-page":"311","article-title":"Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics","volume":"11","author":"Kokich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kokich\n VO,\n \n \n Kiyak\n HA,\n \n \n Shapiro\n PA.\n \n \n Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t311\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t324."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"579","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered maxillary incisor crowding","volume":"146","author":"Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma\n W,\n \n \n Preston\n B,\n \n \n Asai\n Y,\n \n \n Guan\n H,\n \n \n Guan\n G.\n \n \n Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered maxillary incisor crowding.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t146:\n\t\t\t\t\t579\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t586."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b09","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Colonio Salazar\n FB,\n \n \n Johai\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-440-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"394","article-title":"Young person's experiences of orthodontic retainers: a qualitative study","volume":"49","author":"Frawley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frawley\n T,\n \n \n Parkin\n N,\n \n \n Kettle\n J,\n \n \n Longstaff\n S,\n \n \n Benson\n P.\n \n \n Young person's experiences of orthodontic retainers: a qualitative study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t394\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t402."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/4\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/93\/4\/440\/3228874\/i1945-7103-93-4-440.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/4\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/4\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:27:51Z","timestamp":1780064871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/4\/article-p440.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/100222-677.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}}}