{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:17:10Z","timestamp":1761016630886,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case report presents the orthodontic treatment of a patient with Witkop syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the absence of several teeth and abnormalities of the nails. The patient, a 6-year 4-month-old boy, was referred to our clinic for treatment of severe overjet and openbite. Radiographic and clinical evaluations showed peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and the congenital absence of three mandibular incisors as well as spoon-shaped fingernails. Treatment of openbite and overjet was initiated with functional appliances, and fixed orthodontic appliances were inserted at age 10 years 3 months. The edentulous spaces are being maintained for implants that will be provided once the patient's growth is complete. Evaluations of long-term treatment results to date have indicated improvements in both facial and dental esthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/100406-403.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,27]],"date-time":"2007-08-27T16:16:32Z","timestamp":1188231392000},"page":"370-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Witkop Tooth and Nail Syndrome and Orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ayse T.","family":"Altug-Atac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haluk","family":"Iseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Hereditary hypodontia and onychorrhexis of the fingernails and toenail koilonychia: Witkop's tooth and nail syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"Zabawski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(75)90085-7","article-title":"Autosomal dominant hypodontia with nail dysgenesis.","volume":"39","author":"Hudson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b3","first-page":"269","article-title":"Features of oligodontia in three generations.","volume":"21","author":"Stimson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b4","first-page":"207","article-title":"Genetic diseases of the oral cavity.","volume":"9","author":"Witkop","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"author":"Witkop","key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b5","article-title":"Hypodontia-nail dysgenesis."},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1086\/321271","article-title":"A nonsense mutation in MSX1 causes Witkop syndrome.","volume":"69","author":"Jumlongras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"article-title":"Syndromes with unusual dental findings.","author":"Gorlin","key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118612.003.0027"},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1999.00128.x","article-title":"Witkop tooth and nail syndrome: report of two cases in a family.","volume":"9","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b9","first-page":"100","article-title":"A comparison of soft tissue profile configuration in deep overbite and normal occlusion cases.","volume":"7","author":"Ozbek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Turkish J Orthod"},{"author":"Greulich","key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b10","article-title":"Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of Hand and Wrist. 2nd ed."},{"key":"2020042123561467900_i0003-3219-078-02-0370-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. 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