{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:05:29Z","timestamp":1780070729544,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To determine if a new facial line (T), tangent to the throat, intersects the mandibular border in anterior (ANT) and posterior (POST) parts in proportions varying with facial configuration, and to evaluate the association between chin projection and throat inclination and the potential for the T-line to reflect this association.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Measurements on profile photographs and cephalograms of 135 adults (aged 18\u201350 years)\u201445 each of Class I, II, and III (CI, CII, CIII) malocclusions\u2014included ANT and POST, chin-throat (CTA), and mento-cervical (MCA) angles. Pre- and posttreatment measurements were compared in two subgroups (n = 25 each) of CII and CIII orthognathic surgery patients and in CII, division 1 early-treatment patients (n = 63). Statistics included analysis of variance and\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test for group differences, and Pearson correlation for associations among variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n ANT was nearly equal to POST in CI (50.99%) and CIII (51.86%) subjects and shorter in CII (36.01%) subjects. CTA and MCA were greater in CII profiles and smaller in CIII profiles. Significant differences (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001) were observed for ANT, POST, CTA, and MCA between Classes I\/II and II\/III and for MCA between Classes II\/III (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .016). High correlations were noted between ANT and CTA in Classes I (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.83), II (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.73), and III (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.68). In surgically treated patients, posttreatment measurements approached CI values. In the early-treatment group, ANT increased but remained smaller than POST; CTA decreased by nearly 13%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Chin-throat relations and chin extension are associated and require routine assessment in terms of diagnosis and treatment outcome. A practical tool to assess chin-throat relationship, the T-line bisects the mandibular body nearly equally in Class I faces.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/100916-734.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T09:42:59Z","timestamp":1493631779000},"page":"696-702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chin-throat anatomy: Normal relations and changes following orthognathic surgery and growth modification"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ramzi V.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Ghafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b01","series-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry\u2014From Basics to 3-D Imaging, 2nd edition","first-page":"205","article-title":"Soft tissue evaluation","author":"Jacobson \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson \n A, \n \n \n Vlachos \n C. \n \n \n Soft tissue evaluation. In: Jacobson A, Jacobson RL, eds. Radiographic Cephalometry\u2014From Basics to 3-D Imaging, 2nd edition. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence Publishing Co;2006:205\u2013217."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures","volume":"45","author":"Subtelny \n J.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Subtelny \n J. \n \n \n A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures. Am J Orthod. 1959;45:481\u2013507."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"93","article-title":"Integumental contour and extension patterns","volume":"29","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Integumental contour and extension patterns. Angle Orthod. 1959;29:93\u2013104."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"272","article-title":"Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation","volume":"54","author":"Ricketts \n RM.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts \n RM. \n \n \n Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation. Am J Orthod. 1968;54:272\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b05","series-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"127","article-title":"A cephalometric analysis of the long-term, soft tissue profile changes which accompany the advancement of the mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomies","volume":"15","author":"Mommaerts \n MY,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mommaerts \n MY, \n \n \n Marxer \n H. \n \n \n A cephalometric analysis of the long-term, soft tissue profile changes which accompany the advancement of the mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomies. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg. 1987;15:127\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b06","series-title":"Anthropometry of the head and face","author":"Farkas \n LG.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas \n LG. \n \n \n Anthropometry of the head and face. New York, NY: Raven Press: 1994."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b07","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"744","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"38","author":"Legan \n HL,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Legan \n HL, \n \n \n Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980;38:744\u2013751."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity","volume":"116","author":"Arnett \n GW,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arnett \n GW, \n \n \n Jelic \n JS, \n \n \n Kim \n J, \n \n et al. \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:239\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical orthodontic treatment planning: profile analysis and mandibular surgery","volume":"46","author":"Worms \n FW,","year":"1976","unstructured":"Worms \n FW, \n \n \n Isaacson \n RJ, \n \n \n Speidel \n TM. \n \n \n Surgical orthodontic treatment planning: profile analysis and mandibular surgery. Angle Orthod. 1976;46:1\u201325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"373","article-title":"Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis","volume":"116","author":"Bergman \n RT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bergman \n RT. \n \n \n Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:373\u2013389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b11","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"826","article-title":"Visual criteria for success in restoring the youthful neck","volume":"66","author":"Ellenbogen \n R,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ellenbogen \n R, \n \n \n Karlin \n JV. \n \n \n Visual criteria for success in restoring the youthful neck. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;66:826\u2013837."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"704","article-title":"Esthetic contour analysis of the submental cervical region: a study based on ideal subjects and surgical patients","volume":"52","author":"Moreno \n A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Moreno \n A, \n \n \n Bell \n WH, \n \n \n You \n ZH. \n \n \n Esthetic contour analysis of the submental cervical region: a study based on ideal subjects and surgical patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:704\u2013713; discussion 713\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b13","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Morphology of the submental and neck region","volume":"3","author":"Sommerville \n JM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sommerville \n JM, \n \n \n Sperry \n TP, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n Morphology of the submental and neck region. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1988;3:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b14","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"469","article-title":"Submental-cervical angle: perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery","volume":"15","author":"Naini \n FB,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naini \n FB, \n \n \n Cobourne \n MT, \n \n \n McDonald \n F, \n \n \n Wertheim \n D. \n \n \n Submental-cervical angle: perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;15:469\u2013477."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"607","article-title":"Evaluation of Class II treatment by cephalometric regional superpositions versus conventional measurements","volume":"128","author":"Efstratiadis \n S,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Efstratiadis \n S, \n \n \n Baumrind \n S, \n \n \n Shofer \n F, \n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt \n U, \n \n \n Laster \n L, \n \n \n Ghafari \n J. \n \n \n Evaluation of Class II treatment by cephalometric regional superpositions versus conventional measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:607\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"113","author":"Ghafari \n J,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghafari \n J, \n \n \n Shofer \n FS, \n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt \n U, \n \n \n Markowitz \n DL, \n \n \n Laster \n LL. \n \n \n Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:51\u201361."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b17","series-title":"Dermatol Surg","first-page":"625","article-title":"Liposuction and surgical recontouring of the neck: a retrospective analysis","volume":"26","author":"Jacob \n CI,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jacob \n CI, \n \n \n Berkes \n BJ, \n \n \n Kaminer \n MS. \n \n \n Liposuction and surgical recontouring of the neck: a retrospective analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:625\u2013632."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"383","article-title":"The quantification of soft tissue cervicomental changes after mandibular advancement surgery","volume":"105","author":"Hayes \n RJ,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hayes \n RJ, \n \n \n Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Jacobson \n A. \n \n \n The quantification of soft tissue cervicomental changes after mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:383\u2013391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b19","series-title":"Evidence-Based Orthodontics","first-page":"247","article-title":"Class III malocclusion\u2014the evidence on diagnosis and treatment","author":"Ghafari \n JG,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghafari \n JG, \n \n \n Haddad \n RV, \n \n \n Saadeh \n ME. \n \n \n Class III malocclusion\u2014the evidence on diagnosis and treatment. In: Huang G, Vig K, eds. Evidence-Based Orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013:247\u2013280. Chichester, UK."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b20","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss \n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss \n CU, \n \n \n Joss-Vassalli \n IM, \n \n \n Berge \n SJ, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM. \n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2792\u20132801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b21","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"334","article-title":"et al.Consideration of effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the submental region in the planning of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment","volume":"52","author":"Ghassemi \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghassemi \n M, \n \n \n Hilgers \n RD, \n \n \n Jamilian \n A, \n \n \n et al.Consideration of effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the submental region in the planning of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52:334\u2013339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b01","series-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry\u2014From Basics to 3-D Imaging, 2nd edition","first-page":"205","article-title":"Soft tissue evaluation","author":"Jacobson \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson \n A, \n \n \n Vlachos \n C. \n \n \n Soft tissue evaluation. In: Jacobson A, Jacobson RL, eds. Radiographic Cephalometry\u2014From Basics to 3-D Imaging, 2nd edition. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence Publishing Co;2006:205\u2013217."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures","volume":"45","author":"Subtelny \n J.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Subtelny \n J. \n \n \n A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures. Am J Orthod. 1959;45:481\u2013507."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"93","article-title":"Integumental contour and extension patterns","volume":"29","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Integumental contour and extension patterns. Angle Orthod. 1959;29:93\u2013104."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"272","article-title":"Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation","volume":"54","author":"Ricketts \n RM.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts \n RM. \n \n \n Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation. Am J Orthod. 1968;54:272\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b05","series-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"127","article-title":"A cephalometric analysis of the long-term, soft tissue profile changes which accompany the advancement of the mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomies","volume":"15","author":"Mommaerts \n MY,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mommaerts \n MY, \n \n \n Marxer \n H. \n \n \n A cephalometric analysis of the long-term, soft tissue profile changes which accompany the advancement of the mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomies. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg. 1987;15:127\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b06","series-title":"Anthropometry of the head and face","author":"Farkas \n LG.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas \n LG. \n \n \n Anthropometry of the head and face. New York, NY: Raven Press: 1994."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b07","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"744","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"38","author":"Legan \n HL,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Legan \n HL, \n \n \n Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980;38:744\u2013751."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity","volume":"116","author":"Arnett \n GW,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arnett \n GW, \n \n \n Jelic \n JS, \n \n \n Kim \n J, \n \n et al. \n Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:239\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical orthodontic treatment planning: profile analysis and mandibular surgery","volume":"46","author":"Worms \n FW,","year":"1976","unstructured":"Worms \n FW, \n \n \n Isaacson \n RJ, \n \n \n Speidel \n TM. \n \n \n Surgical orthodontic treatment planning: profile analysis and mandibular surgery. Angle Orthod. 1976;46:1\u201325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"373","article-title":"Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis","volume":"116","author":"Bergman \n RT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bergman \n RT. \n \n \n Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:373\u2013389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b11","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"826","article-title":"Visual criteria for success in restoring the youthful neck","volume":"66","author":"Ellenbogen \n R,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ellenbogen \n R, \n \n \n Karlin \n JV. \n \n \n Visual criteria for success in restoring the youthful neck. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;66:826\u2013837."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"704","article-title":"Esthetic contour analysis of the submental cervical region: a study based on ideal subjects and surgical patients","volume":"52","author":"Moreno \n A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Moreno \n A, \n \n \n Bell \n WH, \n \n \n You \n ZH. \n \n \n Esthetic contour analysis of the submental cervical region: a study based on ideal subjects and surgical patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:704\u2013713; discussion 713\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b13","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Morphology of the submental and neck region","volume":"3","author":"Sommerville \n JM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sommerville \n JM, \n \n \n Sperry \n TP, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n Morphology of the submental and neck region. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1988;3:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b14","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"469","article-title":"Submental-cervical angle: perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery","volume":"15","author":"Naini \n FB,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naini \n FB, \n \n \n Cobourne \n MT, \n \n \n McDonald \n F, \n \n \n Wertheim \n D. \n \n \n Submental-cervical angle: perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;15:469\u2013477."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"607","article-title":"Evaluation of Class II treatment by cephalometric regional superpositions versus conventional measurements","volume":"128","author":"Efstratiadis \n S,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Efstratiadis \n S, \n \n \n Baumrind \n S, \n \n \n Shofer \n F, \n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt \n U, \n \n \n Laster \n L, \n \n \n Ghafari \n J. \n \n \n Evaluation of Class II treatment by cephalometric regional superpositions versus conventional measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:607\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"113","author":"Ghafari \n J,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghafari \n J, \n \n \n Shofer \n FS, \n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt \n U, \n \n \n Markowitz \n DL, \n \n \n Laster \n LL. \n \n \n Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:51\u201361."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b17","series-title":"Dermatol Surg","first-page":"625","article-title":"Liposuction and surgical recontouring of the neck: a retrospective analysis","volume":"26","author":"Jacob \n CI,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jacob \n CI, \n \n \n Berkes \n BJ, \n \n \n Kaminer \n MS. \n \n \n Liposuction and surgical recontouring of the neck: a retrospective analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:625\u2013632."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"383","article-title":"The quantification of soft tissue cervicomental changes after mandibular advancement surgery","volume":"105","author":"Hayes \n RJ,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hayes \n RJ, \n \n \n Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Jacobson \n A. \n \n \n The quantification of soft tissue cervicomental changes after mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:383\u2013391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b19","series-title":"Evidence-Based Orthodontics","first-page":"247","article-title":"Class III malocclusion\u2014the evidence on diagnosis and treatment","author":"Ghafari \n JG,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghafari \n JG, \n \n \n Haddad \n RV, \n \n \n Saadeh \n ME. \n \n \n Class III malocclusion\u2014the evidence on diagnosis and treatment. In: Huang G, Vig K, eds. Evidence-Based Orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013:247\u2013280. Chichester, UK."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b20","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss \n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss \n CU, \n \n \n Joss-Vassalli \n IM, \n \n \n Berge \n SJ, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM. \n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2792\u20132801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-696-b21","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"334","article-title":"et al.Consideration of effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the submental region in the planning of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment","volume":"52","author":"Ghassemi \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghassemi \n M, \n \n \n Hilgers \n RD, \n \n \n Jamilian \n A, \n \n \n et al.Consideration of effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the submental region in the planning of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. 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