{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:13:14Z","timestamp":1787958794220,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To assess the changes in the maxillary buccal alveolar bone during alignment without extractions. Secondarily, to evaluate the changes in arch dimensions and buccolingual inclinations of teeth and to identify risk factors for bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-two adolescents with crowded permanent dentitions were treated without extractions with Damon 3MX brackets. Cone beam computed tomographic scans were taken before treatment (T0) and after alignment (T1). Bone thickness (BT) and height from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest (BH) were evaluated at the maxillary central incisors, second premolars, and buccal roots of first molars. Changes in all variables from T0 to T1 were assessed. Correlations between bone changes and initial bone thickness, initial arch widths, initial crowding, amount of expansion, amount of tipping, and amount of molar rotation were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n BT decreased and BH increased significantly for the incisors and mesiobuccal root of the first molars. Arch dimensions generally increased together with tipping. Bone loss was correlated with crowding and amount of expansion in the premolar region. Initially thinner BT was correlated with greater apical migration of bone for the incisors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Nonextraction alignment with self-ligating brackets led to arch expansion associated with tipping of teeth. Expansion related to alignment resulted in horizontal and vertical bone loss at the incisors and mesiobuccal root of the first molars. Thinner BTs and more severe crowding before treatment increased the risk for buccal bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/101117-686.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T09:37:27Z","timestamp":1529314647000},"page":"748-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Evaluation of maxillary buccal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic alignment without extractions: A cone beam computed tomographic study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Juliana F.","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former PhD Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Melsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina M. S.","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Uning\u00e1 University Center, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Castello Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former PhD Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela G.","family":"Garib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo M.","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"359","article-title":"Resolution of mandibular arch crowding in growing patients with Class I malocclusions treated nonextraction","volume":"110","author":"Weinberg \n M,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weinberg \n M, \n \n \n Sadowsky \n C. \n \n \n Resolution of mandibular arch crowding in growing patients with Class I malocclusions treated nonextraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:359\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences related to orthodontic tooth movements","volume":"5","author":"Thilander \n B,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Thilander \n B, \n \n \n Nyman \n S, \n \n \n Karring \n T, \n \n \n Magnusson \n I. \n \n \n Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences related to orthodontic tooth movements. Eur J Orthod. 1983;5:105\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b03","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"121","article-title":"Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys","volume":"14","author":"Wennstrom \n JL,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wennstrom \n JL, \n \n \n Lindhe \n J, \n \n \n Sinclair \n F, \n \n \n Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14:121\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b04","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"224","article-title":"Three-dimensional interpretation of periodontal lesions and remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Part III","volume":"57","author":"Fuhrmann \n R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fuhrmann \n R. \n \n \n Three-dimensional interpretation of periodontal lesions and remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Part III. J Orofac Orthop. 1996;57:224\u2013237."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study","volume":"110","author":"Wehrbein \n H,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wehrbein \n H, \n \n \n Bauer \n W, \n \n \n Diedrich \n P. \n \n \n Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:239\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"6e1","article-title":"Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults","volume":"130","author":"Yared \n KF,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yared \n KF, \n \n \n Zenobio \n EG, \n \n \n Pacheco \n W. \n \n \n Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:6e1\u20136e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"192","article-title":"Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone in the anterior mandible with pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography in nonextraction patients","volume":"149","author":"Garlock \n DT,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garlock \n DT, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH, \n \n \n Araujo \n EA, \n \n \n Behrents \n RG, \n \n \n Kim \n KB. \n \n \n Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone in the anterior mandible with pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography in nonextraction patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2016;149:192\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b08","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"A functional approach to orofacial orthopaedics","volume":"7","author":"Fr\u00e4nkel \n R.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4nkel \n R. \n \n \n A functional approach to orofacial orthopaedics. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2016;149:830\u2013837."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b10","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"670","article-title":"The Damon low-friction bracket: a biologically compatible straight-wire system","volume":"32","author":"Damon \n DH.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Damon \n DH. \n \n \n The Damon low-friction bracket: a biologically compatible straight-wire system. 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CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME","volume":"83","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Jezdimir \n B, \n \n \n de Deus Haughey M, Kulbersh R, Wine P, Kaczynski R. CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:110\u2013116."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b13","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"222","article-title":"Transversal maxillary dento-alveolar changes in patients treated with active and passive self-ligating brackets: a randomized clinical trial using CBCT-scans and digital models","volume":"14","author":"Cattaneo \n PM,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cattaneo \n PM, \n \n \n Treccani \n M, \n \n \n Carlsson \n K, \n \n et al. \n Transversal maxillary dento-alveolar changes in patients treated with active and passive self-ligating brackets: a randomized clinical trial using CBCT-scans and digital models. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:222\u2013233."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b14","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg \n G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg \n G. \n \n \n Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. New York, NY: Interscience;1940."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"470e1","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of Damon3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"134","author":"Scott \n P,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott \n P, \n \n \n DiBiase \n AT, \n \n \n Sherriff \n M, \n \n \n Cobourne \n MT. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of Damon3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:470e1\u2013470e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b16","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Ong \n E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ong \n E, \n \n \n Ho \n C, \n \n \n Miles \n P. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthod. 2010;38:32\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"248","article-title":"Mandibular dental arch changes associated with treatment of crowding using self-ligating and conventional brackets","volume":"32","author":"Pandis \n N,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pandis \n N, \n \n \n Polychronopoulou \n A, \n \n \n Makou \n M, \n \n \n Eliades \n T. \n \n \n Mandibular dental arch changes associated with treatment of crowding using self-ligating and conventional brackets. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:248\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"69","author":"Melsen \n B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:151\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b19","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"201","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography evaluations of marginal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic treatment combined with premolar extractions","volume":"120","author":"Lund \n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund \n H, \n \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl \n K, \n \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl \n H-G. \n \n \n Cone beam computed tomography evaluations of marginal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic treatment combined with premolar extractions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2012;120:201\u2013211."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Transverse dentoalveolar changes after slow maxillary expansion","volume":"140","author":"Corbridge \n JK,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corbridge \n JK, \n \n \n Campbell \n PM, \n \n \n Taylor \n R, \n \n \n Ceen \n RF, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Transverse dentoalveolar changes after slow maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:317\u2013325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"655","article-title":"Bony adaptation after expansion with light-to-moderate continuous forces","volume":"145","author":"Kraus \n CD,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kraus \n CD, \n \n \n Campbell \n PM, \n \n \n Spears \n R, \n \n \n Taylor \n RW, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Bony adaptation after expansion with light-to-moderate continuous forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:655\u2013666."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"663","article-title":"Active and passive self-ligation: a myth? Part 1: torque control","volume":"82","author":"Brauchli \n LM,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brauchli \n LM, \n \n \n Steineck \n M, \n \n \n Wichelhaus \n A. \n \n \n Active and passive self-ligation: a myth? Part 1: torque control. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:663\u2013669."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"343","article-title":"Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case-control study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"25","author":"Allais \n D,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allais \n D, \n \n \n Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case-control study of adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25:343\u2013352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b24","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"106","article-title":"Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices and 64-slice CT for oral and maxillofacial radiology","volume":"106","author":"Ludlow \n JB,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludlow \n JB, \n \n \n Ivanovic \n M. \n \n \n Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices and 64-slice CT for oral and maxillofacial radiology. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:734\u2013744."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b27","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"91","article-title":"Accuracy of linear measurement and the measurement limits of thin objects with cone beam computed tomography: effects of measurement directions and of phantom locations in the fields of view","volume":"26","author":"Tsutsumi \n K,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsutsumi \n K, \n \n \n Chikui \n T, \n \n \n Okamura \n K, \n \n \n Yoshiura \n K. \n \n \n Accuracy of linear measurement and the measurement limits of thin objects with cone beam computed tomography: effects of measurement directions and of phantom locations in the fields of view. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26:91\u2013100."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"359","article-title":"Resolution of mandibular arch crowding in growing patients with Class I malocclusions treated nonextraction","volume":"110","author":"Weinberg \n M,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weinberg \n M, \n \n \n Sadowsky \n C. \n \n \n Resolution of mandibular arch crowding in growing patients with Class I malocclusions treated nonextraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:359\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences related to orthodontic tooth movements","volume":"5","author":"Thilander \n B,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Thilander \n B, \n \n \n Nyman \n S, \n \n \n Karring \n T, \n \n \n Magnusson \n I. \n \n \n Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences related to orthodontic tooth movements. Eur J Orthod. 1983;5:105\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-748-b03","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"121","article-title":"Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys","volume":"14","author":"Wennstrom \n JL,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wennstrom \n JL, \n \n \n Lindhe \n J, \n \n \n Sinclair \n F, \n \n \n Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. 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