{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:25:10Z","timestamp":1792301110100,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare different appliances for early anterior open bite (AOB) correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This was a parallel, randomized clinical trial. A prospective sample of patients with AOB was recruited consecutively. Eligibility criteria included angle class I malocclusion with AOB equal to or greater than 1 mm. Participants were allocated by simple randomization to 4 groups: bonded spurs, chin cup, fixed palatal crib, and removable palatal crib. Dentoalveolar changes among the groups were assessed by blinded observers by comparing lateral cephalograms taken before (T1) and 12 months after treatment (T2; analysis of variance followed by Tukey test). Of the measurements, 30% were reassessed for reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman agreement test; \u03b1 = 5%; 95% confidence interval).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 99 patients with a mean AOB of 3.7 mm (mean age 8.4 \u00b1 0.8 years, both genders) were recruited. Dropouts occurred in all the groups, yielding a final sample size of 81 analyzed individuals. Intergroup comparisons of differences (T2\u2013T1) showed significant differences for the incisor positioning variables (1.1, 1-PP, 6-PP, IMPA, 1.NB and 1-GoMe). However, there was no significant difference in AOB reduction among the groups, with an average correction of 3.1 mm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n All of the tested devices promoted dental changes, especially in the anterior region, and contributed to AOB reduction during the study period. However, fixed palatal crib demonstrated greater impact on the positioning of the incisors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/101317-691.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T09:37:27Z","timestamp":1529314647000},"page":"684-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Dentoalveolar effects produced by different appliances on early treatment of anterior open bite: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Paulo Henrique","family":"Rossato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Maria Freire","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Diane Assis","family":"Urnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferreira","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Vanessa Pedron","family":"Oltramari-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"230","article-title":"Factors influencing treatment time in orthodontic patients","volume":"129","author":"Skidmore \n KJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Skidmore \n KJ, \n \n \n Brook \n KJ, \n \n \n Thomson \n WM, \n \n \n Harding \n WJ. \n \n \n Factors influencing treatment time in orthodontic patients. 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Am J Orthod. 1959;45:258\u2013264."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b04","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"81","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion in 4-6 years old Brazilian children","volume":"27","author":"Chevitarese \n ABA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chevitarese \n ABA, \n \n \n Valle \n DD, \n \n \n Moreira \n TC. \n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion in 4-6 years old Brazilian children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2002;27:81\u201385."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stability of anterior openbite treated with crib therapy","volume":"60","author":"Huang \n G,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Huang \n G, \n \n \n Justus \n R, \n \n \n Kennedy \n DB, \n \n \n Kokich \n VG. \n \n \n Stability of anterior openbite treated with crib therapy. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:17\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"164","article-title":"Chronic thumb-sucking","volume":"57","author":"Haryett \n RD,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haryett \n RD, \n \n \n Hansen \n FC, \n \n \n Davidson \n PO. \n \n \n Chronic thumb-sucking. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:164\u2013178."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"487","article-title":"Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite","volume":"142","author":"Cassis \n MA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassis \n MA, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Almeida-Pedrin \n RR, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:487\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthodont","first-page":"610","article-title":"Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chincup trerapy. A prospective randomized study","volume":"28","author":"Torres \n FC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Torres \n FC, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR, \n \n \n Almeida-Pedrin \n RR, \n \n \n Pedrin \n F, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC. \n \n \n Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chincup trerapy. A prospective randomized study. 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Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:418\u2013423."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"734","article-title":"Treatment effects of modified quad-helix in patients with dentoskeletal open bites","volume":"129","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Treatment effects of modified quad-helix in patients with dentoskeletal open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:734\u2013739."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"969","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects produced by removable palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chincup therapy in growing children with anterior open bite","volume":"86","author":"Insabralde \n NM,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Insabralde \n NM, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC, \n \n \n Fernandes \n TMF, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Dentoskeletal effects produced by removable palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chincup therapy in growing children with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:969\u2013975."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"734","article-title":"Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: a prospective randomized clinical study","volume":"86","author":"Leite \n JS,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leite \n JS, \n \n \n Matiussi \n LB, \n \n \n Salem \n AC, \n \n \n Provenzano \n MG, \n \n \n Ramos \n AL. \n \n \n Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: a prospective randomized clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:734\u2013739."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"270","article-title":"Comparisons of two protocols for early treatment of anterior open bite","volume":"39","author":"Mucedero \n M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mucedero \n M, \n \n \n Vitale \n M, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Perillo \n L. \n \n \n Comparisons of two protocols for early treatment of anterior open bite. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39:270\u2013276."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"847","article-title":"Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: a comparative study","volume":"149","author":"Canuto \n LF,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canuto \n LF, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Lima \n NS, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Cancado \n RH. \n \n \n Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: a comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:847\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"215","article-title":"Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: a prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"87","author":"Slaviero \n T,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slaviero \n T, \n \n \n Fernandes \n TMF, \n \n \n Oltramari-Navarro \n PV, \n \n \n Conti \n ACCF, \n \n \n Poleti \n ML, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:215\u2013222."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"707","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Muceredo \n M, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L. \n \n \n Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:707\u2013713."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effectiveness of open bite correction when managing deleterious oral habits in growing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Feres \n MF,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feres \n MF, \n \n \n Abreu \n LG, \n \n \n Insabralde \n NM, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C. \n \n \n Effectiveness of open bite correction when managing deleterious oral habits in growing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39:31\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b18","series-title":"Dental Cosmos","first-page":"248","article-title":"Classification of malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Angle \n EH.","year":"1899","unstructured":"Angle \n EH. \n \n \n Classification of malocclusion. Dental Cosmos. 1899;41:248\u2013264, 350\u2013357."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"747","article-title":"Randomization. Part 1: sequence generation","volume":"140","author":"Pandis \n N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandis \n N. \n \n \n Randomization. Part 1: sequence generation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:747\u2013748."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b20","series-title":"Am J Public Health","first-page":"587","article-title":"Confidence intervals vs significance tests: quantitative interpretation","volume":"76","author":"Fleiss \n JL.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fleiss \n JL. \n \n \n Confidence intervals vs significance tests: quantitative interpretation. 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Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995;108:9\u201321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients","volume":"122","author":"Iscan \n HN,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan \n HN, \n \n \n Din\u00e7er \n M, \n \n \n Gultan \n A, \n \n \n Meral \n O, \n \n \n Taner-Sarisoy \n L. \n \n \n Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. 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Am J Orthod. 1970;57:164\u2013178."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"487","article-title":"Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite","volume":"142","author":"Cassis \n MA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassis \n MA, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Almeida-Pedrin \n RR, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:487\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthodont","first-page":"610","article-title":"Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chincup trerapy. A prospective randomized study","volume":"28","author":"Torres \n FC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Torres \n FC, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR, \n \n \n Almeida-Pedrin \n RR, \n \n \n Pedrin \n F, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC. \n \n \n Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chincup trerapy. A prospective randomized study. 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Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:418\u2013423."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"734","article-title":"Treatment effects of modified quad-helix in patients with dentoskeletal open bites","volume":"129","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Treatment effects of modified quad-helix in patients with dentoskeletal open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:734\u2013739."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"969","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects produced by removable palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chincup therapy in growing children with anterior open bite","volume":"86","author":"Insabralde \n NM,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Insabralde \n NM, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC, \n \n \n Fernandes \n TMF, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Dentoskeletal effects produced by removable palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chincup therapy in growing children with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:969\u2013975."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"734","article-title":"Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: a prospective randomized clinical study","volume":"86","author":"Leite \n JS,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leite \n JS, \n \n \n Matiussi \n LB, \n \n \n Salem \n AC, \n \n \n Provenzano \n MG, \n \n \n Ramos \n AL. \n \n \n Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: a prospective randomized clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:734\u2013739."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"270","article-title":"Comparisons of two protocols for early treatment of anterior open bite","volume":"39","author":"Mucedero \n M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mucedero \n M, \n \n \n Vitale \n M, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Perillo \n L. \n \n \n Comparisons of two protocols for early treatment of anterior open bite. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39:270\u2013276."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"847","article-title":"Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: a comparative study","volume":"149","author":"Canuto \n LF,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canuto \n LF, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Lima \n NS, \n \n \n Almeida \n RR, \n \n \n Cancado \n RH. \n \n \n Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: a comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:847\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"215","article-title":"Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: a prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"87","author":"Slaviero \n T,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slaviero \n T, \n \n \n Fernandes \n TMF, \n \n \n Oltramari-Navarro \n PV, \n \n \n Conti \n ACCF, \n \n \n Poleti \n ML, \n \n \n Almeida \n MR. \n \n \n Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:215\u2013222."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-684-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"707","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Muceredo \n M, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L. \n \n \n Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review. 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