{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:07:26Z","timestamp":1780070846801,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To identify the craniofacial characteristics of patients with sickle cell trait (SCT) and sickle cell anemia (SCA) and to compare these measurements with those of nonaffected subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Clinically normal patients and those with SCT and SCA were evaluated in this study. The patients were divided into three groups: normal (control), SCA, and SCT (n \u200a=\u200a with 15 in each group). Inclusion criteria were SCA or SCT verified by laboratory methods and no treatment with fixed orthodontics or facial orthopedics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out and were used to obtain angular and linear measurements of anatomic structures displayed. All markings and measurements were performed by a single examiner.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The average ANB was increased in groups with SCA (5.47 \u00b1 2.0\u00b0) and SCT (3.80 \u00b1 1.4\u00b0), indicating a tendency to Class II. The mean SNA angle was 83.0 \u00b1 3.8\u00b0 and 82.1\u00b13.5\u00b0 for SCA and SCT, indicating a proper positioning of the jaw from the skull base. There was an interaction between the group and sex factors for the variable SN-GoGn; measures were higher for men in the SCA group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with SCA and SCT exhibited characteristics of Class II skeletal pattern because of mandibular retrusion. Most patients showed no compensatory maxillary expansion, which was determined by the normal jaw length and absence of maxillary protrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/101513-764.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]],"date-time":"2014-03-04T08:55:53Z","timestamp":1393923353000},"page":"825-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Craniofacial features of patients with sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Matheus Melo","family":"Pithon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Orthodontics, Department of Health I, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1iza Michele Vieira","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental student, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Ang\u00e9lica Leal","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Dias Viana","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Health II, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raildo da Silva","family":"Coqueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Health I, Center for Studies in Aging, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b01","series-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)","first-page":"S40","article-title":"The genetics of blood disorders: hereditary hemoglobinopathies","volume":"84","author":"Sonati Mde\n F,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sonati Mde\n F, \n \n Costa\n FF. \n \n The genetics of blood disorders: hereditary hemoglobinopathies. 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Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2012;63:81\u201389."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b08","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"48","article-title":"Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers","volume":"20","author":"Connes\n P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Connes\n P. \n \n Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers. 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Rev Bras Reumatol. 2008;48:102\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Facial features of patients with sickle cell anemia","volume":"81","author":"Maia\n NG,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maia\n NG, \n \n dos Santos\n LA, \n \n Coletta\n RD, \n et al\n . Facial features of patients with sickle cell anemia. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:115\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b12","series-title":"Revista APCD","first-page":"377","article-title":"Aspectos gerais e bucais da anemia falciforme e suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es no atendimento odontol\u00f3gico","volume":"56","author":"Rosa\n LJ,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosa\n LJ, \n \n Magalh\u00e3es\n MHCG. \n \n Aspectos gerais e bucais da anemia falciforme e suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es no atendimento odontol\u00f3gico. Revista APCD. 2002;56:377\u2013381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b13","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"28","article-title":"Perfil sist\u00eamico e conduta odontol\u00f3gica em pacientes com anemia falciforme","volume":"8","author":"Ribeiro\n EDP,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n EDP, \n \n Bittencourt\n S, \n \n Vergne\n AA, \n \n Botelho\n DS. \n \n Perfil sist\u00eamico e conduta odontol\u00f3gica em pacientes com anemia falciforme. Int J Dent. 2009;8:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b14","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"653","article-title":"Sickle cell gnathopathy: radiologic assessment","volume":"61","author":"Brown\n DL,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brown\n DL, \n \n Sebes\n JI. \n \n Sickle cell gnathopathy: radiologic assessment. 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Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;37:812\u2013819."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b17","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"431","article-title":"Cephalometric study of American black children with sickle-cell disease","volume":"51","author":"Shnorhokian\n HI,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shnorhokian\n HI, \n \n Chapman\n DC, \n \n Nazif\n MM, \n \n Zullo\n TG. \n \n Cephalometric study of American black children with sickle-cell disease. ASDC J Dent Child. 1984;51:431\u2013433."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of patients with sickle-cell anemia","volume":"76","author":"Alves\n PV,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alves\n PV, \n \n Alves\n DK, \n \n de Souza\n MM, \n \n Torres\n SR. \n \n Orthodontic treatment of patients with sickle-cell anemia. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b19","series-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Medidas Cefalom\u00e9tricas de Indiv\u00edduos Negros, Brasileiros, Portadores de Oclus\u00e3o Excelente Orthodontics","author":"Fortes\n LAP,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fortes\n LAP, \n \n Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Medidas Cefalom\u00e9tricas de Indiv\u00edduos Negros, Brasileiros, Portadores de Oclus\u00e3o Excelente Orthodontics. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b20","series-title":"Arch Sci Med (Torino)","first-page":"461","article-title":"Craniometric findings in sickle-cell anemia","volume":"135","author":"Zuccato\n F,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Zuccato\n F, \n \n Almici\n C, \n \n Marchisio\n V, \n \n Platto\n L. \n \n Craniometric findings in sickle-cell anemia. Arch Sci Med (Torino). 1978;135:461\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometrics. The first fifty years","volume":"51","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometrics. The first fifty years. Angle Orthod. 1981;51:115\u2013150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b22","series-title":"R Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"36","article-title":"Estudo comparativo do perfil facial de indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00f5es I, II e III portadores de selamento labial passivo","volume":"11","author":"Claro\n CAA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Claro\n CAA, \n \n Capelozza Filho\n L, \n \n Abr\u00e3o\n J, \n \n Reis\n SAB. \n \n Estudo comparativo do perfil facial de indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00f5es I, II e III portadores de selamento labial passivo. R Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2006;11:36\u201345."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b23","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Oral manifestations of hemoglobinopathies. A case of homozygous hemoglobin C disease diagnosed as a result of dental radiographic changes","volume":"30","author":"Halstead\n CL.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Halstead\n CL. \n \n Oral manifestations of hemoglobinopathies. A case of homozygous hemoglobin C disease diagnosed as a result of dental radiographic changes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30:615\u2013623."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b24","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"S209","article-title":"Maxillary sinus marrow hyperplasia in sickle cell anemia","volume":"25","author":"Fernandez\n M,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fernandez\n M, \n \n Slovis\n TL, \n \n Whitten-Shurney\n W. \n \n Maxillary sinus marrow hyperplasia in sickle cell anemia. 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Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2012;63:81\u201389."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i0003-3219-84-5-825-b08","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"48","article-title":"Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers","volume":"20","author":"Connes\n P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Connes\n P. \n \n Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers. 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