{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:01:17Z","timestamp":1793826077694,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the hypothesis that there is difference in the treatment outcomes of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion between facemask and facemask in combination with a miniscrew in growing patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, the patients were treated with facemask therapy (FM group: 12 males, eight females, average age: 10 years, 5 months \u00b1 1 year, 8 months). In the other group, patients were treated with facemask therapy along with a miniscrew (FM+MS group: 12 males, seven females, average age: 11 years, 1 month \u00b1 1 year, 3 months). A lingual arch with hooks was fixed to the maxillary arch in both groups and a protractive force of 500 g was applied from the facemask to the hooks. The patients were instructed to use the facemask for 12 hours per day. In the FM+MS group, a miniscrew was inserted into the palate and fixed to the lingual arch.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mobility and loosening of the miniscrew were not observed during treatment. Lateral cephalometric analysis showed that SNA, SN-ANS, and ANB values were significantly increased in the FM+MS group compared with those for the FM group (SNA, 1.1\u00b0 SN-ANS, 1.3\u00b0 ANB, 0.8\u00b0). Increase in proclination of maxillary incisors was significantly greater in the FM group than in the FM+MS group (U1-SN, 5.0\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During treatment of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion, facemask therapy along with a miniscrew exhibits fewer negative side effects and delivers orthopedic forces more efficiently to the maxillary complex than facemask therapy alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/101718-750.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T12:37:50Z","timestamp":1565354270000},"page":"3-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A Comparative Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes of Mild Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Between Facemask and Facemask in Combination with a Miniscrew For Anchorage in Growing Patients: A Single-center, Prospective Randomized Controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Seiryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Ida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shutaro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruko","family":"Takano-Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"388","article-title":"An American Board of Orthodontics case report. Use of mask in treatment of maxillary skeletal retrusion","volume":"93","author":"Roberts","year":"1988","unstructured":"Roberts\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Subtenly\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          An American Board of Orthodontics case report. Use of mask in treatment of maxillary skeletal retrusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t93:\n\t\t\t\t\t388\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Biomechanical and clinical considerations of modified protraction headgear","volume":"78","author":"Nanda","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nanda\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanical and clinical considerations of modified protraction headgear.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1980;\n\t\t\t\t\t78:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"496","article-title":"Orthodontic and orthopaedic changes associated with treatment in subjects with class III malocclusions","volume":"28","author":"Kama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kama\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Ozer\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Baran\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic and orthopaedic changes associated with treatment in subjects with class III malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t496\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t502."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"302","article-title":"Implant-anchored orthodontics for partially edentulous malocclusions in children and adults","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roberts\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Engen\n              DW,\n            \n            \n              Schneider\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Hohlt\n              WF.\n            \n          \n          Implant-anchored orthodontics for partially edentulous malocclusions in children and adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t126:\n\t\t\t\t\t302\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Anterior open bite with Temporomandibular disorder treated with titanium screw anchorage: evaluation of morphological and functional improvement","volume":"131","author":"Kuroda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Anterior open bite with Temporomandibular disorder treated with titanium screw anchorage: evaluation of morphological and functional improvement.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131:\n\t\t\t\t\t550\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t560."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"148","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage for orthodontic correction of maxillary protrusion with adults periodontitis","volume":"76","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fukunaga\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Kurosaka\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage for orthodontic correction of maxillary protrusion with adults periodontitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t148\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"102","article-title":"Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Sugawara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133:\n\t\t\t\t\t102\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t111."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"237","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for correction of canted occlusal plane in patients with facial asymmetry","volume":"132","author":"Takano-Yamamoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takano-Yamamoto\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Titanium screw anchorage for correction of canted occlusal plane in patients with facial asymmetry.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t132(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t237\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t242."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"695","article-title":"Application of orthodontic mini-implants in adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Motoyoshi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Motoyoshi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Matsuoka\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Shimizu\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Application of orthodontic mini-implants in adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t36(8):\n\t\t\t\t\t695\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t699."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b10","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination","volume":"14","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nienkemper\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Pauls\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t14:\n\t\t\t\t\t5."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"764","article-title":"Effectiveness of maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination: a controlled clinical study","volume":"85","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nienkemper\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination: a controlled clinical study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t764\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t770."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b12","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment","volume":"16","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Martin\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Weaver\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Gunel\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t26."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t316\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"799","article-title":"Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"80","author":"Cevidanes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevidanes\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              De Clerck\n              H.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t80:\n\t\t\t\t\t799\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t806."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"251","article-title":"Evaluation of optimal lengthand insertion torque for miniscrews","volume":"144","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suzuki\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Watanabe\n              H,\n            \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of optimal lengthand insertion torque for miniscrews.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t144:\n\t\t\t\t\t251\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t259."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b16","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"44","article-title":"Orthodontic miniscrew failure rate and root proximity, insertion angle, bone contact length, and bone density","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watanabe\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Hasegawa\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ito\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic miniscrew failure rate and root proximity, insertion angle, bone contact length, and bone density.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t44\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t55."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b17","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"358","article-title":"Statistical methods for medical and biological students","volume":"2","author":"Dahlberg","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Statistical methods for medical and biological students.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMJ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1940;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"632","article-title":"The orthopaedic effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in a beagle model","volume":"36","author":"Ito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ito\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kawamoto\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Moriyama\n              K.\n            \n          \n          The orthopaedic effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in a beagle model.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t36:\n\t\t\t\t\t632\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t640."},{"issue":"(10)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b19","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2123","article-title":"Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency","volume":"67","author":"De Clerck","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              HJ,\n            \n            \n              Cornelis\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              LH,\n            \n            \n              Heymann\n              GC,\n            \n            \n              Tulloch\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t67(10):\n\t\t\t\t\t2123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2129."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"25","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction","volume":"142","author":"De Clerck","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Nguyen\n              T,\n            \n            \n              de Paula\n              LK,\n            \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t142(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t25\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t31."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"388","article-title":"An American Board of Orthodontics case report. Use of mask in treatment of maxillary skeletal retrusion","volume":"93","author":"Roberts","year":"1988","unstructured":"Roberts\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Subtenly\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          An American Board of Orthodontics case report. Use of mask in treatment of maxillary skeletal retrusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t93:\n\t\t\t\t\t388\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Biomechanical and clinical considerations of modified protraction headgear","volume":"78","author":"Nanda","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nanda\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanical and clinical considerations of modified protraction headgear.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1980;\n\t\t\t\t\t78:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"496","article-title":"Orthodontic and orthopaedic changes associated with treatment in subjects with class III malocclusions","volume":"28","author":"Kama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kama\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Ozer\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Baran\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic and orthopaedic changes associated with treatment in subjects with class III malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t496\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t502."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"302","article-title":"Implant-anchored orthodontics for partially edentulous malocclusions in children and adults","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roberts\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Engen\n              DW,\n            \n            \n              Schneider\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Hohlt\n              WF.\n            \n          \n          Implant-anchored orthodontics for partially edentulous malocclusions in children and adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t126:\n\t\t\t\t\t302\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Anterior open bite with Temporomandibular disorder treated with titanium screw anchorage: evaluation of morphological and functional improvement","volume":"131","author":"Kuroda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Anterior open bite with Temporomandibular disorder treated with titanium screw anchorage: evaluation of morphological and functional improvement.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131:\n\t\t\t\t\t550\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t560."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"148","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage for orthodontic correction of maxillary protrusion with adults periodontitis","volume":"76","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fukunaga\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Kurosaka\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage for orthodontic correction of maxillary protrusion with adults periodontitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t148\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"102","article-title":"Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Sugawara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133:\n\t\t\t\t\t102\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t111."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"237","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for correction of canted occlusal plane in patients with facial asymmetry","volume":"132","author":"Takano-Yamamoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takano-Yamamoto\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Titanium screw anchorage for correction of canted occlusal plane in patients with facial asymmetry.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t132(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t237\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t242."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"695","article-title":"Application of orthodontic mini-implants in adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Motoyoshi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Motoyoshi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Matsuoka\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Shimizu\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Application of orthodontic mini-implants in adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t36(8):\n\t\t\t\t\t695\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t699."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b10","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination","volume":"14","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nienkemper\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Pauls\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t14:\n\t\t\t\t\t5."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i0003-3219-90-1-3-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"764","article-title":"Effectiveness of maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination: a controlled clinical study","volume":"85","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nienkemper\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of maxillary protraction using a hybrid 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