{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:26:27Z","timestamp":1785414387727,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether the quality of orthodontic finishing influences long-term stability of anterior tooth alignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study evaluated 38 patients. Data were obtained at the beginning of treatment (T0), at the end (T1), and at least 5 years after T1 (T2). At this point, the individuals were no longer wearing retainers. Anterior tooth alignment was measured using Little's index (LI). Effect on alignment stability was tested with multiple linear regression using LI\u2013T0, LI\u2013T1, intercanine width difference T1\u2013T0, overbite (T1), overjet (T1), age, gender, time without retention, and presence of third molars as predictor variables. Well-aligned (LI &lt; 1.5 mm) and misaligned (LI &gt; 1.5 mm) cases were compared at T2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At T2, the alignment stability in the upper arch was inversely associated with the alignment quality (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.378,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and directly associated with overbite (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.113,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .008) at T1. Posttreatment changes caused cases finished with poor alignment to become similar to those finished with excellent alignment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .917). In the mandible, posttreatment changes were directly associated only with overjet (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.152,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .015) and well-finished cases displayed better alignment than poorly finished cases (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .011). Other variables showed no significant association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In arches without retention, better quality of orthodontic finishing does not guarantee the stability of anterior alignment. In the maxilla, long-term changes were more significant the greater the overbite and the better the quality of alignment at end of treatment. In the mandible, changes were not dependent on the quality of finishing but were associated with greater overbite at T2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/101722-722.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:13:07Z","timestamp":1684419187000},"page":"652-658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of the quality of orthodontic finishing on the stability of anterior tooth alignment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Paulo","family":"Mecenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Coutinho","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nair Galv\u00e3o","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Ajalmar","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Normando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes.","volume":"80","author":"Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Boley\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Alexander\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2010; 80: 247\u2013253."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome in relation to retention status: an 8-year follow-up.","volume":"151","author":"Steinnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinnes\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Johnsen\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Kerosuo\n              H.\n            \n          \n          Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome in relation to retention status: an 8-year follow-up.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2017; 151: 1027\u20131033."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"420","article-title":"Long-term stability: postretention changes of the mandibular anterior teeth.","volume":"144","author":"Myser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Myser\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Campbell\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Boley\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Long-term stability: postretention changes of the mandibular anterior teeth.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2013; 144: 420\u2013429."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b04","series-title":"ScientificWorldJournal","first-page":"615429","article-title":"The role of mandibular third molars on lower anterior teeth crowding and relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.","volume":"2014","author":"Zawawi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zawawi\n              KH,\n            \n            \n              Melis\n              M.\n            \n          \n          The role of mandibular third molars on lower anterior teeth crowding and relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n          \n            ScientificWorldJournal\n          . 2014; 2014: 615429."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.","article-title":"Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse.","author":"de Freitas","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Freitas\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G,\n            \n            \n              de Freitas\n              MR,\n            \n            \n              Pinzan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Henriques\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Pinzan-Vercelino\n              CR.\n            \n          \n          Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n          \n          2007; 132:428 e429\u2013414."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"270","article-title":"PAR evaluation of treated Class I extraction patients.","volume":"78","author":"Freitas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freitas\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Freitas\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Valarelli\n              FP,\n            \n            \n              Freitas\n              MR,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G.\n            \n          \n          PAR evaluation of treated Class I extraction patients.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2008; 78: 270\u2013274."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b07","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Factors associated with orthodontic stability: a retrospective study of 209 patients.","volume":"11","author":"Maia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maia\n              NG,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              AD,\n            \n            \n              Maia\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Ferreira\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Alves\n              MS.\n            \n          \n          Factors associated with orthodontic stability: a retrospective study of 209 patients.\n          \n            World J Orthod\n          . 2010; 11: 61\u201366."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e63","article-title":"Factors associated with the stability of compensatory orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.","volume":"158","author":"Blagitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blagitz\n              MN,\n            \n            \n              Almeida\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors associated with the stability of compensatory orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2020; 158: e63\u2013e72."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity.","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Richmond\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Shaw\n              WC,\n            \n            \n              O'Brien\n              KD,\n            \n            et al.\n          The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity.\n          \n            Eur J Orthod\n          . 1992; 14: 125\u2013139."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"540","article-title":"Effect of anterior teeth display during smiling on the self-perceived impacts of malocclusion in adolescents.","volume":"81","author":"Paula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paula\n              DF,\n              Jr.,\n            \n            \n              Silva\n              ET,\n            \n            \n              Campos\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Nunez\n              MO,\n            \n            \n              Leles\n              CR.\n            \n          \n          Effect of anterior teeth display during smiling on the self-perceived impacts of malocclusion in adolescents.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2011; 81: 540\u2013545."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b11","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"3","article-title":"Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study.","volume":"13","author":"Claudino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claudino\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Traebert\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study.\n          \n            BMC Oral Health\n          . 2013; 13: 3."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b12","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"1495","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Elm\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Altman\n              DG,\n            \n            \n              Egger\n              M,\n            \n            et al.\n          The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.\n          \n            Int J Surg\n          . 2014; 12: 1495\u20131499."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.","volume":"68","author":"Little","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 1975; 68: 554\u2013563."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b14","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"275","article-title":"Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention.","volume":"78","author":"Bjering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjering\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Sandvik\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Midtbo\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Vandevska-Radunovic\n              V.\n            \n          \n          Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention.\n          \n            J Orofac Orthop\n          . 2017; 78: 275\u2013283."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"188","article-title":"Maturational changes of the normal occlusion: A 40-year follow-up.","volume":"154","author":"Massaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massaro\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Miranda\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G,\n            \n            et al.\n          Maturational changes of the normal occlusion: A 40-year follow-up.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2018; 154: 188\u2013200."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"109","article-title":"Dentoalveolar development in subjects with normal occlusion. A longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.","volume":"31","author":"Thilander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thilander\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Dentoalveolar development in subjects with normal occlusion. A longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.\n          \n            Eur J Orthod\n          . 2009; 31: 109\u2013120."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"223","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: a retrospective longitudinal study.","volume":"87","author":"de Bernabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Bernabe\n              PG,\n            \n            \n              Montiel-Company\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Paredes-Gallardo\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Gandia-Franco\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Bellot-Arcis\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: a retrospective longitudinal study.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2017; 87: 223\u2013229."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b18","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"6357","article-title":"The adult orthodontic patient over 40 years of age: association between periodontal bone loss, incisor irregularity, and increased orthodontic treatment need.","volume":"25","author":"Meyer-Marcotty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyer-Marcotty\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Klenke\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Knocks\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Santander\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Hrasky\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Quast\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The adult orthodontic patient over 40 years of age: association between periodontal bone loss, incisor irregularity, and increased orthodontic treatment need.\n          \n            Clin Oral Investig\n          . 2021; 25: 6357\u20136364."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes.","volume":"80","author":"Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Boley\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Alexander\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2010; 80: 247\u2013253."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome in relation to retention status: an 8-year follow-up.","volume":"151","author":"Steinnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinnes\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Johnsen\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Kerosuo\n              H.\n            \n          \n          Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome in relation to retention status: an 8-year follow-up.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2017; 151: 1027\u20131033."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"420","article-title":"Long-term stability: postretention changes of the mandibular anterior teeth.","volume":"144","author":"Myser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Myser\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Campbell\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Boley\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Long-term stability: postretention changes of the mandibular anterior teeth.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2013; 144: 420\u2013429."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b04","series-title":"ScientificWorldJournal","first-page":"615429","article-title":"The role of mandibular third molars on lower anterior teeth crowding and relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.","volume":"2014","author":"Zawawi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zawawi\n              KH,\n            \n            \n              Melis\n              M.\n            \n          \n          The role of mandibular third molars on lower anterior teeth crowding and relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n          \n            ScientificWorldJournal\n          . 2014; 2014: 615429."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.","article-title":"Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse.","author":"de Freitas","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Freitas\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G,\n            \n            \n              de Freitas\n              MR,\n            \n            \n              Pinzan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Henriques\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              Pinzan-Vercelino\n              CR.\n            \n          \n          Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n          \n          2007; 132:428 e429\u2013414."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"270","article-title":"PAR evaluation of treated Class I extraction patients.","volume":"78","author":"Freitas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freitas\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Freitas\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Valarelli\n              FP,\n            \n            \n              Freitas\n              MR,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G.\n            \n          \n          PAR evaluation of treated Class I extraction patients.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2008; 78: 270\u2013274."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b07","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Factors associated with orthodontic stability: a retrospective study of 209 patients.","volume":"11","author":"Maia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maia\n              NG,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              AD,\n            \n            \n              Maia\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Ferreira\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Alves\n              MS.\n            \n          \n          Factors associated with orthodontic stability: a retrospective study of 209 patients.\n          \n            World J Orthod\n          . 2010; 11: 61\u201366."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e63","article-title":"Factors associated with the stability of compensatory orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.","volume":"158","author":"Blagitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blagitz\n              MN,\n            \n            \n              Almeida\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors associated with the stability of compensatory orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2020; 158: e63\u2013e72."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity.","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Richmond\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Shaw\n              WC,\n            \n            \n              O'Brien\n              KD,\n            \n            et al.\n          The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity.\n          \n            Eur J Orthod\n          . 1992; 14: 125\u2013139."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"540","article-title":"Effect of anterior teeth display during smiling on the self-perceived impacts of malocclusion in adolescents.","volume":"81","author":"Paula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paula\n              DF,\n              Jr.,\n            \n            \n              Silva\n              ET,\n            \n            \n              Campos\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Nunez\n              MO,\n            \n            \n              Leles\n              CR.\n            \n          \n          Effect of anterior teeth display during smiling on the self-perceived impacts of malocclusion in adolescents.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2011; 81: 540\u2013545."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b11","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"3","article-title":"Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study.","volume":"13","author":"Claudino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claudino\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Traebert\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study.\n          \n            BMC Oral Health\n          . 2013; 13: 3."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b12","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"1495","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Elm\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Altman\n              DG,\n            \n            \n              Egger\n              M,\n            \n            et al.\n          The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.\n          \n            Int J Surg\n          . 2014; 12: 1495\u20131499."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.","volume":"68","author":"Little","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 1975; 68: 554\u2013563."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b14","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"275","article-title":"Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention.","volume":"78","author":"Bjering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjering\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Sandvik\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Midtbo\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Vandevska-Radunovic\n              V.\n            \n          \n          Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention.\n          \n            J Orofac Orthop\n          . 2017; 78: 275\u2013283."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"188","article-title":"Maturational changes of the normal occlusion: A 40-year follow-up.","volume":"154","author":"Massaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massaro\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Miranda\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Janson\n              G,\n            \n            et al.\n          Maturational changes of the normal occlusion: A 40-year follow-up.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2018; 154: 188\u2013200."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-652-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"109","article-title":"Dentoalveolar development in subjects with normal occlusion. A longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.","volume":"31","author":"Thilander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thilander\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Dentoalveolar development in subjects with normal occlusion. 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