{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:53:46Z","timestamp":1783947226611,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n A 20-year-old woman visited the office complaining of a gummy smile and lip protrusion. She was diagnosed with vertical maxillary excess without open bite and skeletal Class II hyperdivergent pattern. She refused the surgical-orthodontic treatment option, although she wanted to correct the gummy smile and retruded chin. Differential intrusion of anterior and posterior teeth in both arches was necessary to maximize the skeletal treatment effects. In the maxilla, one palatal temporary anchorage device (TAD), an archwire with an accentuated curve of Spee, and a transpalatal arch were applied. In the mandible, an archwire with a reverse curve of Spee and two vertically positioned TADs were used. These simple mechanics contributed to the effective intrusion of the total upper and lower arches, correction of the gummy smile, and mandibular counterclockwise rotation, offering an alternative to orthognathic surgery for this patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/101816-753.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T09:04:19Z","timestamp":1490000659000},"page":"625-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Treatment of vertical maxillary excess without open bite in a skeletal Class II hyperdivergent patient"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Cheol-Ho","family":"Paik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Faculty, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; and Clinical Faculty, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Sik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Won","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Surgical-orthodontic correction of open-bite deformity","volume":"71","author":"Epker \n BN,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Epker \n BN, \n \n \n Fish \n LC. \n \n \n Surgical-orthodontic correction of open-bite deformity. Am J Orthod. 1977;71:278\u2013299."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b02","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment?","volume":"5","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Phillips \n C, \n \n \n Dann \n C IV. \n \n \n Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment?\n Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990;5:153\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"494","article-title":"Open bite, dental alveolar protrusion, Class I malocclusion: a successful treatment result","volume":"116","author":"Alexander \n CD.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alexander \n CD. \n \n \n Open bite, dental alveolar protrusion, Class I malocclusion: a successful treatment result. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:494\u2013500."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"275","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of the anterior open bite: a review of the options","volume":"5","author":"Beane \n RA.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beane \n RA. \n \n \n Nonsurgical management of the anterior open bite: a review of the options. Semin Orthod. 1999;5:275\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b05","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Simultaneous reduction in vertical dimension and gummy smile using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"44","author":"Lin \n JC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin \n JC, \n \n \n Liou \n EJ, \n \n \n Bowman \n SJ. \n \n \n Simultaneous reduction in vertical dimension and gummy smile using miniscrew anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:157\u2013170."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek \n MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek \n MS, \n \n \n Choi \n YJ, \n \n \n Yu \n HS, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ, \n \n \n Kwak \n J, \n \n \n Park \n YC. \n \n \n Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"147","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of gummy smile by maxillary total intrusion with a midpalatal absolute anchorage system","volume":"43","author":"Hong \n RK,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong \n RK, \n \n \n Lim \n SM, \n \n \n Heo \n JM, \n \n \n Baek \n SH. \n \n \n Orthodontic treatment of gummy smile by maxillary total intrusion with a midpalatal absolute anchorage system. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43:147\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"82","author":"Kaku \n M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaku \n M, \n \n \n Kojima \n S, \n \n \n Sumi \n H, \n \n et al. \n Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"85","article-title":"Nonextraction treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class II division 2 malocclusion with excessive gingival display","volume":"145","author":"Nishimura \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishimura \n M, \n \n \n Sannohe \n M, \n \n \n Nagasaka \n H, \n \n \n Igarashi \n K, \n \n \n Sugawara \n J. \n \n \n Nonextraction treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class II division 2 malocclusion with excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:85\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"676","article-title":"Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a mini-implant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II division 2 patient","volume":"130","author":"Kim \n TW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim \n TW, \n \n \n Kim \n H, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a mini-implant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II division 2 patient. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:676\u2013685."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"97","article-title":"Adult Class II division 1 patient with severe gummy smile treated with temporary anchorage devices","volume":"140","author":"Shu \n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shu \n R, \n \n \n Huang \n L, \n \n \n Bai \n D. \n \n \n Adult Class II division 1 patient with severe gummy smile treated with temporary anchorage devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:97\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"623","article-title":"Low-friction space closure with a hybrid bracket-tube system","volume":"44","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n Ahn \n HW, \n \n \n Yang \n IH, \n \n \n Baek \n SH. \n \n \n Low-friction space closure with a hybrid bracket-tube system. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:623\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"593","article-title":"Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"122","author":"Sherwood \n KH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwood \n KH, \n \n \n Burch \n JG, \n \n \n Thompson \n WJ. \n \n \n Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:593\u2013600."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"381","article-title":"The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"74","author":"Erverdi \n N,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erverdi \n N, \n \n \n Keles \n A, \n \n \n Nanda \n R. \n \n \n The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:381\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"889","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with an open bite and large lower anterior facial height with edgewise appliances and temporary anchorage devices","volume":"149","author":"Fukui \n T,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fukui \n T, \n \n \n Kano \n H, \n \n \n Saito \n I. \n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with an open bite and large lower anterior facial height with edgewise appliances and temporary anchorage devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:889\u2013898."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"276","article-title":"Differential molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage in open-bite treatment","volume":"50","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n McComb \n R, \n \n \n Hong \n C. \n \n \n Differential molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage in open-bite treatment. J Clin Orthod. 2016;50:276\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b17","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case","volume":"46","author":"Wang \n XD,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang \n XD, \n \n \n Zhang \n JN, \n \n \n Liu \n DW, \n \n \n Lei \n FF, \n \n \n Zhou \n YH. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:253\u2013265."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch for intrusive root movement of incisors in Class II division 2 with gummy smile","volume":"84","author":"Kim \n SJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Kim \n JW, \n \n \n Choi \n TH, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ. \n \n \n Combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch for intrusive root movement of incisors in Class II division 2 with gummy smile. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:910\u2013918."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b19","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"378","article-title":"Intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"40","author":"Lin \n JC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin \n JC, \n \n \n Liou \n EJ, \n \n \n Yeh \n CL. \n \n \n Intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars with miniscrew anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 2006;40:378\u2013383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b20","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Treatment of skeletal-origin gummy smiles with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"42","author":"Lin \n JC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin \n JC, \n \n \n Yeh \n CL, \n \n \n Liou \n EJ, \n \n \n Bowman \n SJ. \n \n \n Treatment of skeletal-origin gummy smiles with miniscrew anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 2008;42:285\u2013296."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc","volume":"120","author":"Sarver \n DM.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM. \n \n \n The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:98\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b22","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Surgical-orthodontic cephalometric prediction tracing","volume":"14","author":"Fish \n LC,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fish \n LC, \n \n \n Epker \n BN. \n \n \n Surgical-orthodontic cephalometric prediction tracing. J Clin Orthod. 1980;14:36\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"340","article-title":"Control of anterior vertical dimension and proper selection of extraoral anchorage","volume":"38","author":"Kuhn \n RJ.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kuhn \n RJ. \n \n \n Control of anterior vertical dimension and proper selection of extraoral anchorage. Angle Orthod. 1968;38:340\u2013349."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b24","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"898","article-title":"The inter-relationship between mandibular autorotation and maxillary LeFort I impaction osteotomies","volume":"17","author":"Wang \n YC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang \n YC, \n \n \n Ko \n EW, \n \n \n Huang \n CS, \n \n \n Chen \n YR. \n \n \n The inter-relationship between mandibular autorotation and maxillary LeFort I impaction osteotomies. J Craniofac Surg. 2006;17:898\u2013904."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b25","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"423","article-title":"Treatment of an adult patient with vertical maxillary excess using miniscrew fixation","volume":"37","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n Woo \n YJ, \n \n \n Boyd \n RL. \n \n \n Treatment of an adult patient with vertical maxillary excess using miniscrew fixation. J Clin Orthod. 2003;37:423\u2013428."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S106","article-title":"Correction of Class II deep overbite and dental and skeletal asymmetry with 2 types of palatal miniscrews","volume":"131","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n Ahn \n SJ, \n \n \n Nahm \n DS. \n \n \n Correction of Class II deep overbite and dental and skeletal asymmetry with 2 types of palatal miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:S106\u2013S116."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b27","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment changes following intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth with miniscrew implants for open bite correction","volume":"38","author":"Lee \n HA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee \n HA, \n \n \n Park \n YC. \n \n \n Treatment and posttreatment changes following intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth with miniscrew implants for open bite correction. Korean J Orthod. 2008;38:31\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b28","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction","volume":"17","author":"Sugawara \n J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugawara \n J, \n \n \n Baik \n UB, \n \n \n Umemori \n M, \n \n et al. \n Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:243\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Surgical-orthodontic correction of open-bite deformity","volume":"71","author":"Epker \n BN,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Epker \n BN, \n \n \n Fish \n LC. \n \n \n Surgical-orthodontic correction of open-bite deformity. Am J Orthod. 1977;71:278\u2013299."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b02","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment?","volume":"5","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Phillips \n C, \n \n \n Dann \n C IV. \n \n \n Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment?\n Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990;5:153\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"494","article-title":"Open bite, dental alveolar protrusion, Class I malocclusion: a successful treatment result","volume":"116","author":"Alexander \n CD.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alexander \n CD. \n \n \n Open bite, dental alveolar protrusion, Class I malocclusion: a successful treatment result. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:494\u2013500."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"275","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of the anterior open bite: a review of the options","volume":"5","author":"Beane \n RA.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beane \n RA. \n \n \n Nonsurgical management of the anterior open bite: a review of the options. Semin Orthod. 1999;5:275\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b05","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Simultaneous reduction in vertical dimension and gummy smile using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"44","author":"Lin \n JC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin \n JC, \n \n \n Liou \n EJ, \n \n \n Bowman \n SJ. \n \n \n Simultaneous reduction in vertical dimension and gummy smile using miniscrew anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:157\u2013170."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek \n MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek \n MS, \n \n \n Choi \n YJ, \n \n \n Yu \n HS, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ, \n \n \n Kwak \n J, \n \n \n Park \n YC. \n \n \n Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"147","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of gummy smile by maxillary total intrusion with a midpalatal absolute anchorage system","volume":"43","author":"Hong \n RK,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong \n RK, \n \n \n Lim \n SM, \n \n \n Heo \n JM, \n \n \n Baek \n SH. \n \n \n Orthodontic treatment of gummy smile by maxillary total intrusion with a midpalatal absolute anchorage system. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43:147\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"82","author":"Kaku \n M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaku \n M, \n \n \n Kojima \n S, \n \n \n Sumi \n H, \n \n et al. \n Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"85","article-title":"Nonextraction treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class II division 2 malocclusion with excessive gingival display","volume":"145","author":"Nishimura \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishimura \n M, \n \n \n Sannohe \n M, \n \n \n Nagasaka \n H, \n \n \n Igarashi \n K, \n \n \n Sugawara \n J. \n \n \n Nonextraction treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class II division 2 malocclusion with excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:85\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"676","article-title":"Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a mini-implant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II division 2 patient","volume":"130","author":"Kim \n TW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim \n TW, \n \n \n Kim \n H, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a mini-implant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II division 2 patient. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:676\u2013685."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"97","article-title":"Adult Class II division 1 patient with severe gummy smile treated with temporary anchorage devices","volume":"140","author":"Shu \n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shu \n R, \n \n \n Huang \n L, \n \n \n Bai \n D. \n \n \n Adult Class II division 1 patient with severe gummy smile treated with temporary anchorage devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:97\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"623","article-title":"Low-friction space closure with a hybrid bracket-tube system","volume":"44","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n Ahn \n HW, \n \n \n Yang \n IH, \n \n \n Baek \n SH. \n \n \n Low-friction space closure with a hybrid bracket-tube system. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:623\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"593","article-title":"Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"122","author":"Sherwood \n KH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwood \n KH, \n \n \n Burch \n JG, \n \n \n Thompson \n WJ. \n \n \n Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:593\u2013600."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"381","article-title":"The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"74","author":"Erverdi \n N,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erverdi \n N, \n \n \n Keles \n A, \n \n \n Nanda \n R. \n \n \n The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:381\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"889","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with an open bite and large lower anterior facial height with edgewise appliances and temporary anchorage devices","volume":"149","author":"Fukui \n T,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fukui \n T, \n \n \n Kano \n H, \n \n \n Saito \n I. \n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with an open bite and large lower anterior facial height with edgewise appliances and temporary anchorage devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:889\u2013898."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"276","article-title":"Differential molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage in open-bite treatment","volume":"50","author":"Paik \n CH,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paik \n CH, \n \n \n McComb \n R, \n \n \n Hong \n C. \n \n \n Differential molar intrusion with skeletal anchorage in open-bite treatment. J Clin Orthod. 2016;50:276\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b17","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case","volume":"46","author":"Wang \n XD,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang \n XD, \n \n \n Zhang \n JN, \n \n \n Liu \n DW, \n \n \n Lei \n FF, \n \n \n Zhou \n YH. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:253\u2013265."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch for intrusive root movement of incisors in Class II division 2 with gummy smile","volume":"84","author":"Kim \n SJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Kim \n JW, \n \n \n Choi \n TH, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ. \n \n \n Combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch for intrusive root movement of incisors in Class II division 2 with gummy smile. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:910\u2013918."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-625-b19","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"378","article-title":"Intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"40","author":"Lin \n JC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin \n JC, \n \n \n Liou \n EJ, \n \n \n Yeh \n CL. \n \n \n Intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars with miniscrew anchorage. 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