{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:26:26Z","timestamp":1789748786575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of a soft diet and a low-calcium diet on the craniofacial growth and bone architectures of the maxilla and mandible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male rats (n \u200a=\u200a 20, 3 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Ten rats were given a normal-calcium diet, and the other rats were given a low-calcium diet. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, which were fed a hard or a soft diet. After 4 weeks, craniofacial growth and architecture in maxillary and mandibular bone were analyzed using cephalometry, micro-computed tomography, and histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low-calcium diet had no effect on serum calcium levels. The low-calcium diet had the greatest effect on craniofacial bone growth, while the soft diet affected the growth of several bone sites that are attached to the masseter muscle. A low-calcium diet resulted in the deterioration of the connectivity of the trabeculae in the furcation region of the maxillary and mandibular first molar, while a soft diet resulted in the diffuse disappearance of trabeculae in the central part of the furcation regions. In the midpalatal suture, a low-calcium diet resulted in inhibition of cartilaginous ossification, although the midpalatal suture had a normal cartilaginous structure. A soft diet resulted in narrower cartilage cell layers in the midpalatal suture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated that a low-calcium diet and a soft diet resulted in a deterioration of bone structures in both the maxilla and in the mandible; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects differed between diets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/102214-765.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1422439584000},"page":"969-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Influence of differences in the hardness and calcium content of diets on the growth of craniofacial bone in rats"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate student, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maika","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate student, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate student, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenshi","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Prev Med","first-page":"284","article-title":"Fast food intake among adolescents: secular and longitudinal trends from 1999 to 2004","volume":"48","author":"Bauer\n              KW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauer\n              KW, \n            \n              Larson\n              NI, \n            \n              Nelson\n              MC, \n            \n              Story\n              M, \n            \n              Neumark-Sztainer\n              D. \n          \n          Fast food intake among adolescents: secular and longitudinal trends from 1999 to 2004. Prev Med. 2009;48:284\u2013287."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi","first-page":"962","article-title":"Physical properties of food and eating functions. 1: an objective method for the measurement of the physical properties of foods, and classification of foods [in Japanese]","volume":"23","author":"Yanagisawa\n              Y,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Yanagisawa\n              Y, \n            \n              Tamura\n              A, \n            \n              Akasaka\n              M, \n            \n              Teramoto\n              Y. \n          \n          Physical properties of food and eating functions. 1: an objective method for the measurement of the physical properties of foods, and classification of foods [in Japanese]. Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi. 1985;23:962\u2013983."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effects of mastication on mandibular growth evaluated by microcomputed tomography","volume":"32","author":"Enomoto\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enomoto\n              A, \n            \n              Watahiki\n              J, \n            \n              Yamaguchi\n              T, \n            \n              Irie\n              T, \n            \n              Tachikawa\n              T, \n            \n              Maki\n              K. \n          \n          Effects of mastication on mandibular growth evaluated by microcomputed tomography. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:66\u201370."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"581","article-title":"Effects of the masticatory demand on the rat mandibular development","volume":"41","author":"Hichijo\n              N,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hichijo\n              N, \n            \n              Kawai\n              N, \n            \n              Mori\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Effects of the masticatory demand on the rat mandibular development. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41:581\u2013587."},{"key":"r5","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Survey","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. National Health and Nutrition Survey. December 2013. http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/eiyou\/dl\/h24-houkoku-04.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2014."},{"key":"r6","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2015","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2015. 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Eur J Orthod. 1985;7:273\u2013283."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography","volume":"25","author":"Bouxsein\n              ML,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bouxsein\n              ML, \n            \n              Boyd\n              SK, \n            \n              Christiansen\n              BA, \n            \n              Guldberg\n              RE, \n            \n              Jepsen\n              KJ, \n            \n              Muller\n              R. \n          \n          Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. 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Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi. 1985;23:962\u2013983."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effects of mastication on mandibular growth evaluated by microcomputed tomography","volume":"32","author":"Enomoto\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enomoto\n              A, \n            \n              Watahiki\n              J, \n            \n              Yamaguchi\n              T, \n            \n              Irie\n              T, \n            \n              Tachikawa\n              T, \n            \n              Maki\n              K. \n          \n          Effects of mastication on mandibular growth evaluated by microcomputed tomography. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:66\u201370."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"581","article-title":"Effects of the masticatory demand on the rat mandibular development","volume":"41","author":"Hichijo\n              N,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hichijo\n              N, \n            \n              Kawai\n              N, \n            \n              Mori\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Effects of the masticatory demand on the rat mandibular development. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41:581\u2013587."},{"key":"r5","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Survey","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. National Health and Nutrition Survey. December 2013. http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/eiyou\/dl\/h24-houkoku-04.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2014."},{"key":"r6","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2015","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2015. 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Eur J Orthod. 1985;7:273\u2013283."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography","volume":"25","author":"Bouxsein\n              ML,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bouxsein\n              ML, \n            \n              Boyd\n              SK, \n            \n              Christiansen\n              BA, \n            \n              Guldberg\n              RE, \n            \n              Jepsen\n              KJ, \n            \n              Muller\n              R. \n          \n          Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25:1468\u20131486."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"532","article-title":"Influence of masticatory hypofunction on the alveolar bone and the molar periodontal ligament space in the rat maxilla","volume":"121","author":"Denes\n              BJ,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Denes\n              BJ, \n            \n              Mavropoulos\n              A, \n            \n              Bresin\n              A, \n            \n              Kiliaridis\n              S. \n          \n          Influence of masticatory hypofunction on the alveolar bone and the molar periodontal ligament space in the rat maxilla. Eur J Oral Sci. 2013;121:532\u2013537."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg\n              G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg\n              G. \n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. 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