{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:23:10Z","timestamp":1793146990154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare mandibular relative anchorage loss (RAL) under reciprocal anchorage between first and second premolar extraction cases in bimaxillary protrusion mild crowding cases treated using clear aligner therapy (CAT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients who met the following criteria were included: treated using CAT with bilateral mandibular premolar extractions and space closure using intra-arch reciprocal anchorage. RAL was defined as the percent molar mesial movement relative to the sum of molar mesial plus canine distal movement. Movements of the mandibular central incisor (L1), canine (L3), and first molar (L6) were measured based on superimposition of the pre- and post-treatment dentition and jaw models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 60 mandibular extraction quadrants, 38 had lower first premolar (L4) and 22 had lower second premolar (L5) extracted. L6 mesial movement was 2.01 \u00b1 1.11 mm with RAL of 25% in the L4 extraction group vs 3.25 \u00b1 1.19 mm with RAL of 40% in the L5 extraction group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Tooth movement efficacy was 43% for L1 occlusogingival movement, 75% for L1 buccolingual inclination, 60% for L3 occlusogingival movement, and 53% for L3 mesiodistal angulation. L1 had unwanted extrusion and lingual crown torquing whereas L3 had unwanted extrusion and distal crown tipping, on which the power ridges or attachments had little preventive effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average mandibular reciprocal RAL is 25% or 40% for extraction of L4 or L5, respectively, in CAT cases. A RAL-based treatment planning workflow is proposed for CAT extraction cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/102222-727.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T17:25:21Z","timestamp":1680110721000},"page":"375-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Relative anchorage loss under reciprocal anchorage in mandibular premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligners"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab A.","family":"Abdulghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"64","article-title":"Analysis of pain level in cases treated with Invisalign aligner: comparison with fixed edgewise appliance therapy","volume":"15","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fujiyama\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Honjo\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Suzuki\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Matsuoka\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Analysis of pain level in cases treated with Invisalign aligner: comparison with fixed edgewise appliance therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t64."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"302.e1","article-title":"A comparison of treatment impacts between Invisalign aligner and fixed appliance therapy during the first week of treatment","volume":"131","author":"Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              McGorray\n              SP,\n            \n            \n              Womack\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          A comparison of treatment impacts between Invisalign aligner and fixed appliance therapy during the first week of treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t302.e1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"454","article-title":"Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: a three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"85","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomez\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Pe\u00f1a\n              FM,\n            \n            \n              Mart\u00ednez\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Giraldo\n              DC,\n            \n            \n              Cardona\n              CI.\n            \n          \n          Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t454\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t460."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"837","article-title":"Activation time and material stiffness of sequential removable orthodontic appliances. 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Zhi","first-page":"536","article-title":"[Extraction and non-extraction cases treated with clear aligners]","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          [Extraction and non-extraction cases treated with clear aligners].\n\t\t\t\t\tZhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(8):\n\t\t\t\t\t536\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t540."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction","volume":"75","author":"Bills","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bills\n              DA,\n            \n            \n              Handelman\n              CS,\n            \n            \n              BeGole\n              EA.\n            \n          \n          Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t333\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t339."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"708","article-title":"Changes in mandibular incisor position in Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with premolar extractions","volume":"124","author":"Al-Nimri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Nimri\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Changes in mandibular incisor position in Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with premolar extractions.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t124(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t708\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t713."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"351","article-title":"An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of lower first and second premolar extraction effects","volume":"117","author":"Shearn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shearn\n              BN,\n            \n            \n              Woods\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of lower first and second premolar extraction effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t117(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t351\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t361."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b30","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & first principles","volume":"11","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Arqub\n              SA.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & first principles.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t11(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t12\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t21."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"64","article-title":"Analysis of pain level in cases treated with Invisalign aligner: comparison with fixed edgewise appliance therapy","volume":"15","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fujiyama\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Honjo\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Suzuki\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Matsuoka\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Analysis of pain level in cases treated with Invisalign aligner: comparison with fixed edgewise appliance therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t64."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"302.e1","article-title":"A comparison of treatment impacts between Invisalign aligner and fixed appliance therapy during the first week of treatment","volume":"131","author":"Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              McGorray\n              SP,\n            \n            \n              Womack\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          A comparison of treatment impacts between Invisalign aligner and fixed appliance therapy during the first week of treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t302.e1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"454","article-title":"Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: a three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"85","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomez\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Pe\u00f1a\n              FM,\n            \n            \n              Mart\u00ednez\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Giraldo\n              DC,\n            \n            \n              Cardona\n              CI.\n            \n          \n          Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t454\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t460."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"837","article-title":"Activation time and material stiffness of sequential removable orthodontic appliances. Part 3: premolar extraction patients","volume":"133","author":"Baldwin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baldwin\n              DK,\n            \n            \n              King\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Ramsay\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Huang\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Bollen\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Activation time and material stiffness of sequential removable orthodontic appliances. Part 3: premolar extraction patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t837\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t845."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"671","article-title":"Combined use of miniscrews and clear appliances for the treatment of bialveolar protrusion without conventional brackets","volume":"135","author":"Choi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Choi\n              NC,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              YC,\n            \n            \n              Jo\n              YM,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ.\n            \n          \n          Combined use of miniscrews and clear appliances for the treatment of bialveolar protrusion without conventional brackets.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t135(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t671\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t681."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"679","article-title":"Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign","volume":"89","author":"Dai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dai\n              FF,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Shu\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t89(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t679\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t687."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"805","article-title":"Comparison of achieved and predicted crown movement in adults after 4 first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign","volume":"160","author":"Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai\n              FF,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Shu\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of achieved and predicted crown movement in adults after 4 first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t160(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t805\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t813."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b08","series-title":"Ann Clin Med Case Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding anchorage in orthodontics-a review article","volume":"2","author":"Nahidh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nahidh\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Azzawi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Al-Badri\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Understanding anchorage in orthodontics-a review article.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Clin Med Case Rep.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t2(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t6."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment","volume":"98","author":"Staggers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Staggers\n              JA.\n            \n          \n          A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t98(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t430\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t436."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in \u201cborderline\u201d Class II patients","volume":"102","author":"Paquette","year":"1992","unstructured":"Paquette\n              DE,\n            \n            \n              Beattie\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              Johnston\n              LE\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in \u201cborderline\u201d Class II patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t102(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t14."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"852","article-title":"Effect of the transpalatal arch during extraction treatment","volume":"133","author":"Zablocki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zablocki\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              McNamara\n              JA,\n              Jr.,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Effect of the transpalatal arch during extraction treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t852\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t860."},{"issue":"(7)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"588","article-title":"Anchorage value of surgical titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"36","author":"Hedayati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hedayati\n              Z,\n            \n            \n              Hashemi\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Zamiri\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Fattahi\n              HR.\n            \n          \n          Anchorage value of surgical titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t36(7):\n\t\t\t\t\t588\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t592."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"18","article-title":"Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"134","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Nagaraj\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Patil\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t18\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t29.e1."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Keys to Class II correction: a comparison of 2 extraction protocols","volume":"159","author":"George","year":"2021","unstructured":"George\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Campbell\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Tadlock\n              LP,\n            \n            \n              Schneiderman\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Keys to Class II correction: a comparison of 2 extraction protocols.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t159(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t333\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t342."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"First or second premolar extraction effects on facial vertical dimension","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim\n              TK,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              JT,\n            \n            \n              Mah\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              WS,\n            \n            \n              Baek\n              SH.\n            \n          \n          First or second premolar extraction effects on facial vertical dimension.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t177\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t182."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b16","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"302","article-title":"Vertical changes in Class I malocclusion between 2 different extraction patterns","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Yu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              C,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Vertical changes in Class I malocclusion between 2 different extraction patterns.\n\t\t\t\t\tSaudi Med J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t34(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t302\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t306."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"680","article-title":"A comparison of second premolar extraction and mini-implant total arch distalization with interproximal stripping","volume":"83","author":"Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung\n              MH.\n            \n          \n          A comparison of second premolar extraction and mini-implant total arch distalization with interproximal stripping.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t680\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t685."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"987","article-title":"Anchorage control in bioprogressive vs straight-wire treatment","volume":"75","author":"Urias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Urias\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Mustafa\n              FI.\n            \n          \n          Anchorage control in bioprogressive vs straight-wire treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t987\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t992."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b19","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of Invisalign\u00ae orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papadimitriou\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Mousoulea\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Gkantidis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Kloukos\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Clinical effectiveness of Invisalign\u00ae orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t19(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t37."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b20","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"133","article-title":"Effectiveness of clear aligner therapy for orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robertson\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Kaur\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Fagundes\n              NCF,\n            \n            \n              Romanyk\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Major\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Flores Mir\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of clear aligner therapy for orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t23(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t133\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t142."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"47","article-title":"Accuracy of clear aligners: a retrospective study of patients who needed refinement","volume":"154","author":"Charalampakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charalampakis\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Iliadi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ueno\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Oliver\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              KB.\n            \n          \n          Accuracy of clear aligners: a retrospective study of patients who needed refinement.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t154(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t47\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t54."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"635","article-title":"A cone-beam computed tomographic study evaluating the efficacy of incisor movement with clear aligners: assessment of incisor pure tipping, controlled tipping, translation, and torque","volume":"159","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              YN,\n            \n            \n              Chu\n              FT,\n            \n            \n              Lu\n              PJ,\n            \n            \n              Tang\n              GH.\n            \n          \n          A cone-beam computed tomographic study evaluating the efficacy of incisor movement with clear aligners: assessment of incisor pure tipping, controlled tipping, translation, and torque.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t159(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t635\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t643."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"420","article-title":"Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign","volume":"158","author":"Haouili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haouili\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Kravitz\n              ND,\n            \n            \n              Vaid\n              NR,\n            \n            \n              Ferguson\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              Makki\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t158(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t420\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t425."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b24","series-title":"Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod","first-page":"809","article-title":"How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?","volume":"87","author":"Gr\u00fcnheid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnheid\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Loh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Larson\n              BE.\n            \n          \n          How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?\n          Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t87(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t809\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t815."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b25","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"1475","article-title":"How effective is the Invisalign\u00ae system in expansion movement with Ex30\u2032 aligners?","volume":"21","author":"Solano-Mendoza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solano-Mendoza\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Sonnemberg\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Solano-Reina\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Iglesias-Linares\n              A.\n            \n          \n          How effective is the Invisalign\u00ae system in expansion movement with Ex30\u2032 aligners?\n          \n            Clin Oral Investig\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t1475\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1484."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b26","series-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"536","article-title":"[Extraction and non-extraction cases treated with clear aligners]","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          [Extraction and non-extraction cases treated with clear aligners].\n\t\t\t\t\tZhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(8):\n\t\t\t\t\t536\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t540."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction","volume":"75","author":"Bills","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bills\n              DA,\n            \n            \n              Handelman\n              CS,\n            \n            \n              BeGole\n              EA.\n            \n          \n          Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t333\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t339."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"708","article-title":"Changes in mandibular incisor position in Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with premolar extractions","volume":"124","author":"Al-Nimri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Nimri\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Changes in mandibular incisor position in Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with premolar extractions.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t124(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t708\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t713."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"351","article-title":"An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of lower first and second premolar extraction effects","volume":"117","author":"Shearn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shearn\n              BN,\n            \n            \n              Woods\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of lower first and second premolar extraction effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t117(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t351\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t361."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-375-b30","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & first principles","volume":"11","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Arqub\n              SA.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & first principles.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t11(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t12\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t21."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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