{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:40:53Z","timestamp":1792248053383,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To investigate risk factors specific to posterior crossbite and anterior open bite at the age of 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The study included 422 children of the French EDEN mother-child cohort. The main outcomes were the presence of posterior crossbite and anterior open bite assessed by dentists at 3 years. Social characteristics (collected during pregnancy), neonatal characteristics (collected at birth), duration of breast-feeding (collected prospectively), sucking habits at 3 years, and open lips (as a proxy for mouth breathing) were studied and two logistic regressions conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Preterm birth appears to be a risk factor specific for posterior crossbite (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.13\u20138.68), whereas small for gestational age seems to be associated with a lower risk of posterior crossbite (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12\u20130.87). Ongoing pacifier or thumb sucking at 3 years is a risk factor for both posterior crossbite and anterior open bite.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Children born preterm seem to be more at risk for posterior crossbite than those born at term. Different mechanisms may be involved in posterior crossbite and anterior open bite.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/102715-723.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T11:19:45Z","timestamp":1458559185000},"page":"832-838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Early risk factors for posterior crossbite and anterior open bite in the primary dentition"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Germa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Odontology, Montrouge, France; INSERM, UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology (EPOPE) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Paris, France; H\u00f4pital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Nancy, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Weissenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Nancy, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Heude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Researcher, INSERM, UMR 1153, Early Origin of the Child\u2019s Health and Development Team (ORCHAD) team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Villejuif, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Forhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Engineer, INSERM, UMR 1153, Early Origin of the Child\u2019s Health and Development Team (ORCHAD) team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Villejuif, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Martin-Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Engineer, INSERM, UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology (EPOPE) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, INSERM, UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology (EPOPE) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Vital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Researcher, INSERM, UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology (EPOPE) Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Research Center, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Nabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Dentistry, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-832-r1","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"178","article-title":"Sucking habits in childhood and the effects on the primary dentition: findings of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood","volume":"18","author":"Duncan\n K,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duncan\n K, \n \n McNamara\n C, \n \n Ireland\n AJ, \n \n Sandy\n JR.\n \n \n Sucking habits in childhood and the effects on the primary dentition: findings of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. 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