{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T12:14:56Z","timestamp":1784895296123,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the effects of personality traits to moderate the relationships between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was performed that included 230 subjects (125 girls and 105 boys) aged 11\u201314 years. Orthodontic treatment need was measured using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). The Child Perceptions Questionnaire, the Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI), and the Revised Life Orientation Test were used to assess the OHRQoL, basic personality dimensions, and dispositional optimism respectively. Potential moderation effects were evaluated with Spearman's correlations and multiple regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n There were weak correlations between orthodontic treatment need and quality of life with social and emotional well-being dimensions (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.238,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.296 and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.209). A moderating effect of extraversion was observed in the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL, emotional well-being, and social well-being (SWB) (\u0394\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.03, \u0394\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.02, and \u0394\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.04, respectively). Openness to experience affected relationships between orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL, and emotional well-being (EWB) (\u0394\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.03 and \u0394\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.04, respectively). In children with higher extraversion, the increase in ICON scores resulted in less increase in CPQ total, EWB, and SWB scores. In children with higher openness to experience, the increase influenced CPQ total and EWB scores similarly.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The relationship between orthodontic treatment need and quality of life is moderated by personality traits. Early adolescents with higher extraversion and openness to experience are less affected by increased orthodontic treatment need.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/103117-737.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T15:53:44Z","timestamp":1526918024000},"page":"617-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extraversion and openness to experience moderate the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adolescents:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Cihan","family":"Aydo\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Yil University, Van, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b01","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"36","article-title":"and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a review","volume":"8","author":"Shaw \n WC,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shaw \n WC, \n \n \n Addy \n M, \n \n \n Ray C. \n Dental \n \n \n and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8:36\u201345."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b02","series-title":"J Am Med Assoc","first-page":"59","article-title":"Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes","volume":"273","author":"Wilson \n I.,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilson \n I., \n \n \n Cleary \n P. \n \n \n Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. J Am Med Assoc. 1995;273:59\u201365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"484","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Agou \n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agou \n S, \n \n \n Locker \n D, \n \n \n Streiner \n DL, \n \n \n Tompson \n B. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134:484\u2013489."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"643","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment","volume":"37","author":"Clijmans \n M,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clijmans \n M, \n \n \n Lemiere \n J, \n \n \n Fieuws \n S, \n \n \n Willems \n G. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:643\u2013650."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?","volume":"139","author":"Agou \n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agou \n S, \n \n \n Locker \n D, \n \n \n Muirhead \n V, \n \n \n Tompson \n B, \n \n \n Streiner \n DL. \n \n \n Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?\n Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:369\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"507","article-title":"Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults","volume":"26","author":"Klages \n U,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klages \n U, \n \n \n Bruckner \n A, \n \n \n Zentner \n A. \n \n \n Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:507\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"186","article-title":"Changes in oral health-related quality of life reports in children during orthodontic treatment and the possible role of self-esteem: a follow-up study","volume":"36","author":"Brosens \n V,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brosens \n V, \n \n \n Ghijselings \n I. \n \n \n Changes in oral health-related quality of life reports in children during orthodontic treatment and the possible role of self-esteem: a follow-up study. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36:186\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"731","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem on the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in 11- to 16-year-old children","volume":"34","author":"De Baets \n E,","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Baets \n E, \n \n \n Lambrechts \n H, \n \n \n Lemiere \n J, \n \n \n Diya \n L, \n \n \n Willems \n G. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem on the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in 11- to 16-year-old children. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:731\u2013737."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Influence of self-esteem on perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in children: the Generation R Study","author":"Kragt \n L,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kragt \n L, \n \n \n Wolvius \n EB, \n \n \n Jaddoe \n VWV, \n \n \n Tiemeier \n H, \n \n \n Ongkosuwito \n EM. \n \n \n Influence of self-esteem on perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in children: the Generation R Study. Eur J Orthod. July2017."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b10","series-title":"Assessment","first-page":"207","article-title":"The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R","volume":"11","author":"De Fruyt \n F,","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Fruyt \n F, \n \n \n McCrae \n RR, \n \n \n Szirm\u00e1k \n Z, \n \n \n Nagy \n J. \n \n \n The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R. Assessment. 2004;11:207\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b11","series-title":"J Pers","first-page":"175","article-title":"An introduction to the Five-factor model and its applications","volume":"60","author":"McCrae \n R,","year":"1992","unstructured":"McCrae \n R, \n \n \n John \n OP. \n \n \n An introduction to the Five-factor model and its applications. 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Oxford University Press: New York; 2002:231\u2013243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b14","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"459","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a questionnaire for measuring child oral-health-related quality of life","volume":"81","author":"Jokovic \n A,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jokovic \n A, \n \n \n Locker \n D, \n \n \n Stephens \n M, \n \n \n Kenny \n D, \n \n \n Tompson \n B, \n \n \n Guyatt \n G. \n \n \n Validity and reliability of a questionnaire for measuring child oral-health-related quality of life. J Dent Res. 2002;81:459\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b15","series-title":"Pediatr Dent J","first-page":"14","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11\u201314) by Rasch Analysis in Turkish children","volume":"27","author":"Bekiroglu \n N,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bekiroglu \n N, \n \n \n Bakkal \n M, \n \n \n Ozbay \n G, \n \n \n Karadeniz \n PG, \n \n \n Kargul \n B. \n \n \n Validity and reliability of Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11\u201314) by Rasch Analysis in Turkish children. Pediatr Dent J. 2017;27:14\u201320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b16","series-title":"J Gen Psychol","first-page":"194","article-title":"Examination of personality characteristics in a Turkish sample: development of Basic Personality Traits Inventory","volume":"139","author":"Gen\u00e7\u00f6z \n T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gen\u00e7\u00f6z \n T, \n \n \n \u00d6nc\u00fcl \n \u00d6. \n \n \n Examination of personality characteristics in a Turkish sample: development of Basic Personality Traits Inventory. 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Psikol Derg. 1991;1:2\u20139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b19","series-title":"Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Sos Bilim Derg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stresle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma bi\u00e7imi, iyimserlik, bili\u015fsel \u00e7arp\u0131tma d\u00fczeyleri ve psikolojik yard\u0131m almaya ili\u015fkin tutumlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler: \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri \u00fczerinde bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma [in Turkish]","volume":"1","author":"T\u00fcrk\u00fcm \n AS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"T\u00fcrk\u00fcm \n AS. \n \n \n Stresle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma bi\u00e7imi, iyimserlik, bili\u015fsel \u00e7arp\u0131tma d\u00fczeyleri ve psikolojik yard\u0131m almaya ili\u015fkin tutumlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler: \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri \u00fczerinde bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma [in Turkish]. Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Sos Bilim Derg. 2001;1:1\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b20","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"149","article-title":"The development of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON)","volume":"27","author":"Daniels \n C,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniels \n C, \n \n \n Richmond \n S. \n \n \n The development of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). J Orthod. 2000;27:149\u2013162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b21","series-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","author":"Aiken \n L,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aiken \n L, \n \n \n West \n S. \n \n \n Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage;1991."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b22","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"59","article-title":"Personality and quality of life: the importance of optimism and goal adjustment","volume":"12","author":"Wrosch \n C,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wrosch \n C, \n \n \n Scheier \n MF. \n \n \n Personality and quality of life: the importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Qual Life Res. 2003;12Suppl 1:59\u201372."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b23","series-title":"Annu Rev Psychol","first-page":"453","article-title":"Personality development: stability and change","volume":"56","author":"Caspi \n A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caspi \n A, \n \n \n Roberts \n BW, \n \n \n Shiner \n RL. \n \n \n Personality development: stability and change. 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Social attention versus reward sensitivity","volume":"83","author":"Ashton \n MC,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ashton \n MC, \n \n \n Lee \n K, \n \n \n Paunonen \n SV. \n \n \n What is the central feature of extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;83:245\u2013252."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b26","series-title":"Personal Soc Psychol Bull","first-page":"227","article-title":"Adding Liebe und Arbeit: the full Five-Factor Model and well-being","volume":"17","author":"McCrae \n RR,","year":"1991","unstructured":"McCrae \n RR, \n \n \n Costa \n PT. \n \n \n Adding Liebe und Arbeit: the full Five-Factor Model and well-being. 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Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:536\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b29","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"628","article-title":"Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Bittencourt \n JM,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bittencourt \n JM, \n \n \n Martins \n LP, \n \n \n Bendo \n CB, \n \n \n Vale \n MP, \n \n \n Paiva \n SM. \n \n \n Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study. Eur J Orthod2017;39:628\u2013633."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b30","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"1881","article-title":"The impact of malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life in children\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kragt \n L,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kragt \n L, \n \n \n Dhamo \n B, \n \n \n Wolvius \n EB, \n \n \n Ongkosuwito \n EM. \n \n \n The impact of malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life in children\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20:1881\u20131894."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b01","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"36","article-title":"and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a review","volume":"8","author":"Shaw \n WC,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shaw \n WC, \n \n \n Addy \n M, \n \n \n Ray C. \n Dental \n \n \n and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8:36\u201345."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b02","series-title":"J Am Med Assoc","first-page":"59","article-title":"Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes","volume":"273","author":"Wilson \n I.,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilson \n I., \n \n \n Cleary \n P. \n \n \n Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. J Am Med Assoc. 1995;273:59\u201365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"484","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Agou \n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agou \n S, \n \n \n Locker \n D, \n \n \n Streiner \n DL, \n \n \n Tompson \n B. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134:484\u2013489."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"643","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment","volume":"37","author":"Clijmans \n M,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clijmans \n M, \n \n \n Lemiere \n J, \n \n \n Fieuws \n S, \n \n \n Willems \n G. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:643\u2013650."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?","volume":"139","author":"Agou \n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agou \n S, \n \n \n Locker \n D, \n \n \n Muirhead \n V, \n \n \n Tompson \n B, \n \n \n Streiner \n DL. \n \n \n Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic treatment?\n Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:369\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"507","article-title":"Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults","volume":"26","author":"Klages \n U,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klages \n U, \n \n \n Bruckner \n A, \n \n \n Zentner \n A. \n \n \n Dental aesthetics, self-awareness, and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. 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Eur J Orthod. 2014;36:186\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"731","article-title":"Impact of self-esteem on the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in 11- to 16-year-old children","volume":"34","author":"De Baets \n E,","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Baets \n E, \n \n \n Lambrechts \n H, \n \n \n Lemiere \n J, \n \n \n Diya \n L, \n \n \n Willems \n G. \n \n \n Impact of self-esteem on the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in 11- to 16-year-old children. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:731\u2013737."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Influence of self-esteem on perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in children: the Generation R Study","author":"Kragt \n L,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kragt \n L, \n \n \n Wolvius \n EB, \n \n \n Jaddoe \n VWV, \n \n \n Tiemeier \n H, \n \n \n Ongkosuwito \n EM. \n \n \n Influence of self-esteem on perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in children: the Generation R Study. Eur J Orthod. July2017."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b10","series-title":"Assessment","first-page":"207","article-title":"The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R","volume":"11","author":"De Fruyt \n F,","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Fruyt \n F, \n \n \n McCrae \n RR, \n \n \n Szirm\u00e1k \n Z, \n \n \n Nagy \n J. \n \n \n The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R. Assessment. 2004;11:207\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-617-b11","series-title":"J Pers","first-page":"175","article-title":"An introduction to the Five-factor model and its applications","volume":"60","author":"McCrae \n R,","year":"1992","unstructured":"McCrae \n R, \n \n \n John \n OP. \n \n \n An introduction to the Five-factor model and its applications. 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