{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:40:27Z","timestamp":1788187227112,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the buccolingual inclinations of maxillary and mandibular first molars in untreated adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Fifty-nine subjects (14 males and 45 females; mean age, 41.2 years) with no missing teeth, no crossbite, and minimal crowding were included. For each subject, a CBCT was taken. The long axis of each first molar was determined, and the inclination of each molar was measured using the long axis and the floor.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n One hundred seventeen out of 118 mandibular first molars measured had a lingual inclination, with a mean of 12.59\u00b0 \u00b1 5.47\u00b0. For the maxillary first molars, 107 out of 118 had a buccal inclination, with a mean of 4.85\u00b0 \u00b1 4.22\u00b0.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n There is a curvature to the inclinations of first molars in untreated adults, where the maxillary molars have a slight buccal inclination and mandibular molars have a slight lingual inclination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110116-786.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1491299632000},"page":"598-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Buccolingual inclination of first molars in untreated adults: A CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Rola","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Shelton, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsi","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chauncey M.F. Egel Endowed Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b01","series-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 7th ed","author":"Okeson \n JP.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okeson \n JP. \n \n \n Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier;2012."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b02","series-title":"Trans Odontol Soc Pa","first-page":"119","article-title":"Geometrical and mechanical laws of articulation","author":"Bonwill \n WGA.","year":"1885","unstructured":"Bonwill \n WGA. \n \n \n Geometrical and mechanical laws of articulation. Trans Odontol Soc Pa. 1885:119\u2013133."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b03","series-title":"Dent Cosmos","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Applied mechanics to the theory of mandibular movements","volume":"74","author":"Monson \n GS.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Monson \n GS. \n \n \n Applied mechanics to the theory of mandibular movements. Dent Cosmos. 1932;74:1039\u20131053."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b04","series-title":"Int Dent J","first-page":"532","article-title":"The helicoid principle in human dental occlusion","volume":"13","author":"Ackerman \n F.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Ackerman \n F. \n \n \n The helicoid principle in human dental occlusion. Int Dent J1963;13:532."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b05","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"21","article-title":"Development and evolution of the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion","volume":"69","author":"Smith \n BH.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith \n BH. \n \n \n Development and evolution of the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1986;69:21\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews \n LF.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews \n LF. \n \n \n The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:296\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b07","series-title":"Straight Wire: The Concept and the Appliance","author":"Andrews \n LF.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Andrews \n LF. \n \n \n Straight Wire: The Concept and the Appliance. San Diego: L.A. Wells;1989."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"589","article-title":"Objective grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs. American Board of Orthodontics","volume":"114","author":"Casko \n JS,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Casko \n JS, \n \n \n Vaden \n JL, \n \n \n Kokich \n VG, \n \n et al. \n Objective grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs. American Board of Orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:589\u2013599."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"721","article-title":"Transverse skeletal and dentoalveolar changes during growth","volume":"130","author":"Hesby \n R,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hesby \n R, \n \n \n Marshall \n S, \n \n \n Dawson \n D, \n \n et al. \n Transverse skeletal and dentoalveolar changes during growth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:721\u2013731."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Transverse molar movements during growth","volume":"124","author":"Marshall \n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marshall \n S, \n \n \n Dawson \n D, \n \n \n Southard \n KA, \n \n \n Lee \n AN, \n \n \n Casko \n JS, \n \n \n Southard \n TE. \n \n \n Transverse molar movements during growth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b11","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"547","article-title":"S\u00e1enz Ram\u00edrez C, Paredes V, P\u00e9rez-Varela JC. Wilson maxillary curve analyzed by CBCT. A study on normocclusion and malocclusion individuals","volume":"18","author":"Barrera \n JM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrera \n JM, \n \n \n Llamas \n JM, \n \n \n Espinar \n E, \n \n \n S\u00e1enz Ram\u00edrez C, Paredes V, P\u00e9rez-Varela JC. 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Arch Oral Biol. 2001;46:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Relationships among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination, and cortical bone thickness of the mandible","volume":"23","author":"Masumoto \n T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masumoto \n T, \n \n \n Hayashi \n I, \n \n \n Kawamura \n A, \n \n \n Tanaka \n K, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationships among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination, and cortical bone thickness of the mandible. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:15\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b14","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"168","article-title":"Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT","volume":"14","author":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W, \n \n \n Hans \n MG, \n \n \n Narendran \n S, \n \n \n Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:168\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"422","article-title":"Influence of vertical growth pattern on faciolingual inclinations and treatment mechanics","volume":"98","author":"Ross \n VA,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ross \n VA, \n \n \n Isaacson \n RJ, \n \n \n Germane \n N, \n \n \n Rubenstein \n LK. \n \n \n Influence of vertical growth pattern on faciolingual inclinations and treatment mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98:422\u2013429."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"604","article-title":"Mesiodistal angulation and faciolingual inclination of each whole tooth in 3-dimensional space in patients with near normal occlusion","volume":"141","author":"Tong \n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tong \n H, \n \n \n Kwon \n D, \n \n \n Shi \n J, \n \n \n Sakai \n N, \n \n \n Enciso \n R, \n \n \n Sameshima \n GT. \n \n \n Mesiodistal angulation and faciolingual inclination of each whole tooth in 3-dimensional space in patients with near normal occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:604\u2013617."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b17","series-title":"Ind J Dent Res","first-page":"376","article-title":"Evaluation of buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth in different facial patterns using computed tomography","volume":"22","author":"Mitra \n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitra \n S, \n \n \n Ravi \n MS. \n \n \n Evaluation of buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth in different facial patterns using computed tomography. Ind J Dent Res. 2011;22:376\u2013380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b18","series-title":"J Nihon Univ Sch Dent","first-page":"71","article-title":"Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and morphological characteristics of vertical sections of the mandible obtained by CT scanning","volume":"39","author":"Kohakura \n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kohakura \n S, \n \n \n Kasia \n K, \n \n \n Ohno \n I, \n \n \n Kanazawa \n E. \n \n \n Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and morphological characteristics of vertical sections of the mandible obtained by CT scanning. J Nihon Univ Sch Dent. 1997;39:71\u201377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b19","series-title":"Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design","author":"Dawson \n PE.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dawson \n PE. \n \n \n Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design. St. Louis: Mosby;2007."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b20","series-title":"Biomechanics and Esthetic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics","author":"Nanda \n R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nanda \n R. \n \n \n Biomechanics and Esthetic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders;2005."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"316","article-title":"Buccolingual inclinations of posterior teeth in subjects with different facial patterns","volume":"125","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Bombonatti \n R, \n \n \n Cruz \n KS, \n \n \n Hassunuma \n CY, \n \n \n Del Santo \n M\n Jr. \n \n \n Buccolingual inclinations of posterior teeth in subjects with different facial patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:316\u2013322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"557","article-title":"Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning","volume":"68","author":"Tsunori \n M,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsunori \n M, \n \n \n Mashita \n M, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning. Angle Orthod. 1998;68: 557\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b23","series-title":"Andrews J Orthod Orofacial Harmony","first-page":"13","article-title":"The six elements of orofacial harmony","volume":"1","author":"Andrews \n LF.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrews \n LF. \n \n \n Andrews \n WA. \n \n \n The six elements of orofacial harmony. Andrews J Orthod Orofacial Harmony. 2000;1:13\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b24","series-title":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","author":"McNamara \n JA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"McNamara \n JA, \n \n \n Brudon \n WL, \n \n \n Kokich \n VG. \n \n \n Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Ann Arbor, Mich: Needham;2001."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"290","article-title":"A scientific assessment of the straight-wire appliance","volume":"73","author":"Dellinger \n EL.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dellinger \n EL. \n \n \n A scientific assessment of the straight-wire appliance. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:290\u2013299."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b01","series-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 7th ed","author":"Okeson \n JP.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okeson \n JP. \n \n \n Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 7th ed. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:721\u2013731."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Transverse molar movements during growth","volume":"124","author":"Marshall \n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marshall \n S, \n \n \n Dawson \n D, \n \n \n Southard \n KA, \n \n \n Lee \n AN, \n \n \n Casko \n JS, \n \n \n Southard \n TE. \n \n \n Transverse molar movements during growth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-598-b11","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"547","article-title":"S\u00e1enz Ram\u00edrez C, Paredes V, P\u00e9rez-Varela JC. Wilson maxillary curve analyzed by CBCT. A study on normocclusion and malocclusion individuals","volume":"18","author":"Barrera \n JM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrera \n JM, \n \n \n Llamas \n JM, \n \n \n Espinar \n E, \n \n \n S\u00e1enz Ram\u00edrez C, Paredes V, P\u00e9rez-Varela JC. 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