{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:07:18Z","timestamp":1787162838997,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate, using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), the morphologic changes in the upper airway after large incisor retraction in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion had four first premolars extracted, and then miniscrews were placed to provide anchorage. A CT scan was performed before incisor retraction and again posttreatment. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the pre- (T1) and post- (T2) CT data was used to assess for morphological changes of the upper airway. A paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to compare changes from T1 to T2. The relationship among the three variables (upper incisor retraction amount, upper airway size, and hyoid position) was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The amounts of upper incisor retraction at the incisal edge and apex were 7.64 \u00b1 1.68\u00a0mm and 3.91 \u00b1 2.10\u00a0mm, respectively. The hyoid was retracted 2.96 \u00b1 0.54\u00a0mm and 9.87 \u00b1 2.92\u00a0mm, respectively, in the horizontal and vertical directions. No significant difference was observed in the mean cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05) between T1 and T2, while significant differences between T1 and T2 were found in the mean cross-sectional areas of the palatopharynx, glossopharynx, and hypopharynx (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05); these mean cross-sectional areas were decreased by 21.02% \u00b1 7.89%, 25.18% \u00b1 13.51%, and 38.19% \u00b1 5.51%, respectively. The largest change in the cross-sectional area is always noted in the hypopharynx. There was a significant correlation among the retraction distance of the upper incisor at its edge, the retraction distance of the hyoid in the horizontal direction, and the decrease of the hypopharynx.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large incisor retraction leads to narrowing of the upper airway in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110211-675.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T12:14:11Z","timestamp":1333109651000},"page":"964-970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Effect of large incisor retraction on upper airway morphology in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate MS student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate MS student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.","volume":"75","author":"Bills, D. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bills, D. A., C. S.Handelman, and E. A.BeGole. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.Angle Orthod2005. 75:333\u2013339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"636","article-title":"Three-dimensional dental model analysis of treatment outcomes for protrusive maxillary dentition: comparison of headgear, miniscrew, and miniplate skeletal anchorage.","volume":"134","author":"Lai, E. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lai, E. H., C. C.Yao, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Three-dimensional dental model analysis of treatment outcomes for protrusive maxillary dentition: comparison of headgear, miniscrew, and miniplate skeletal anchorage.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:636\u2013645."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review.","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi, R., A.Annunziata, V.Licciardello, and E.Barbato. Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review.Angle Orthod2010. 80:211\u2013216."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b04","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","first-page":"32","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion: an overview of the surgical-orthodontic treatment.","volume":"23","author":"Chu, Y. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu, Y. M., L.Bergeron, and Y. R.Chen. Bimaxillary protrusion: an overview of the surgical-orthodontic treatment.Semin Plast Surg2009. 23:32\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.","volume":"134","author":"Yao, C. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao, C. C., E. H.Lai, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.","volume":"133","author":"Deguchi, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deguchi, T., T.Murakami, S.Kuroda, T.Yabuuchi, H.Kamioka, and T.Takano-Yamamoto. Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 133:654\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b07","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","first-page":"931","article-title":"Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques.","volume":"31","author":"Schwab, R. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwab, R. J. and A. N.Goldberg. Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques.Otolaryngol Clin North Am1998. 31:931\u2013968."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e369","article-title":"The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion.","volume":"139","author":"Jakobsone, G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jakobsone, G., A.Stenvik, and L.Espeland. The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011. 139:e369\u2013e376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b09","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"239","article-title":"Influence of tongue\/mandible volume ratio on oropharyngeal airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"111","author":"Shigeta, Y.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shigeta, Y., T.Ogawa, E.Ando, G. T.Clark, and R.Enciso. Influence of tongue\/mandible volume ratio on oropharyngeal airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2011. 111:239\u2013243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b10","series-title":"Clin Imaging","first-page":"259","article-title":"The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring.","volume":"31","author":"Ozturk, E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozturk, E., D.Dalayman, G.Sonmez, H.Mutlu, H. O.Sildiroglu, C. C.Basekim, and E.Kizilkaya. The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring.Clin Imaging2007. 31:259\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"434","article-title":"Occlusal plane alteration in orthognathic surgery\u2014part II: long-term stability of results.","volume":"106","author":"Chemello, P. D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chemello, P. D., L. M.Wolford, and P. H.Buschang. Occlusal plane alteration in orthognathic surgery\u2014part II: long-term stability of results.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1994. 106:434\u2013440."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b12","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular setback osteotomy for prognathism.","volume":"89","author":"Kawamata, A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kawamata, A., M.Fujishita, Y.Ariji, and E.Ariji. Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular setback osteotomy for prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2000. 89:278\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b13","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami, M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami, M., K.Yamamoto, M.Fujimoto, K.Ohgi, M.Inoue, and T.Kirita. Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2005. 33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S120","article-title":"Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes.","volume":"137","author":"Cevidanes, L. H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevidanes, L. H., A.Motta, W. R.Proffit, J. L.Ackerman, and M.Styner. Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:S120\u2013S129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b15","series-title":"Comput Biol Med","first-page":"266","article-title":"3D MDCT-based system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures.","volume":"39","author":"Gibbs, J. D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gibbs, J. D., M. W.Graham, and W. E.Higgins. 3D MDCT-based system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures.Comput Biol Med2009. 39:266\u2013279."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b16","series-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"119","article-title":"Application of three dimensional registration based on CT data for orthodontics.","volume":"28","author":"Liu, D. X.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, D. X., H.Liu, and T.Lv. Application of three dimensional registration based on CT data for orthodontics.Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi2010. 28:119\u2013123."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"728.e1","article-title":"Accuracy of surgical positioning of orthodontic miniscrews with a computer-aided design and manufacturing template.","volume":"137","author":"Liu, H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, H., D-X.Liu, G.Wang, C-L.Wang, and Z.Zhao. Accuracy of surgical positioning of orthodontic miniscrews with a computer-aided design and manufacturing template.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:728.e1\u2013728.e10."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e83","article-title":"Drift characteristics of miniscrews and molars for anchorage under orthodontic force: 3-dimensional computed tomography registration evaluation.","volume":"139","author":"Liu, H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, H., T.Lv, N. N.Wang, F.Zhao, K. T.Wang, and D. X.Liu. Drift characteristics of miniscrews and molars for anchorage under orthodontic force: 3-dimensional computed tomography registration evaluation.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011. 139:e83\u2013e89."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.","volume":"83","author":"Houston, W. J. B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston, W. J. B.\n          \n          The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1983. 83:382\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b20","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"444","article-title":"Assessment of the airway in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with 3-dimensional airway computed tomography.","volume":"123","author":"Bhattacharyya, N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, N., S. P.Blake, and M. P.Fried. Assessment of the airway in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with 3-dimensional airway computed tomography.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2000. 123:444\u2013449."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.","volume":"80","author":"Valiathan, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valiathan, M., H.El, M. G.Hans, and M. J.Palomo. Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.Angle Orthod2010. 80:1068\u20131074."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b22","series-title":"J Clin Stomatol","first-page":"600","article-title":"Effects of large retraction of incisors due to orthodontic treatment on the upper airway dimensions in young adult patients with malocclusion.","volume":"26","author":"Ke-feng, X. U.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ke-feng, X. U., C.Wei, and Y-H.Liu. Effects of large retraction of incisors due to orthodontic treatment on the upper airway dimensions in young adult patients with malocclusion.J Clin Stomatol2010. 26:600\u2013603."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b23","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"111","article-title":"Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy.","volume":"33","author":"Eggensperger, N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggensperger, N., W.Smolka, and T.Iizuka. Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2005. 33:111\u2013117."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b24","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"285","article-title":"Changes in hypopharyngeal airway space and in tongue and hyoid bone positions following the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.","volume":"9","author":"Enacar, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enacar, A., A. U.Aksoy, Y.Sen\u00e7ift, B.Haydar, and K.Aras. 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S.Handelman, and E. A.BeGole. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.Angle Orthod2005. 75:333\u2013339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"636","article-title":"Three-dimensional dental model analysis of treatment outcomes for protrusive maxillary dentition: comparison of headgear, miniscrew, and miniplate skeletal anchorage.","volume":"134","author":"Lai, E. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lai, E. H., C. C.Yao, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Three-dimensional dental model analysis of treatment outcomes for protrusive maxillary dentition: comparison of headgear, miniscrew, and miniplate skeletal anchorage.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:636\u2013645."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review.","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi, R., A.Annunziata, V.Licciardello, and E.Barbato. Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review.Angle Orthod2010. 80:211\u2013216."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b04","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","first-page":"32","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion: an overview of the surgical-orthodontic treatment.","volume":"23","author":"Chu, Y. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu, Y. M., L.Bergeron, and Y. R.Chen. Bimaxillary protrusion: an overview of the surgical-orthodontic treatment.Semin Plast Surg2009. 23:32\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.","volume":"134","author":"Yao, C. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao, C. C., E. H.Lai, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.","volume":"133","author":"Deguchi, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deguchi, T., T.Murakami, S.Kuroda, T.Yabuuchi, H.Kamioka, and T.Takano-Yamamoto. Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 133:654\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b07","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","first-page":"931","article-title":"Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques.","volume":"31","author":"Schwab, R. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwab, R. J. and A. N.Goldberg. Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques.Otolaryngol Clin North Am1998. 31:931\u2013968."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e369","article-title":"The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion.","volume":"139","author":"Jakobsone, G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jakobsone, G., A.Stenvik, and L.Espeland. The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011. 139:e369\u2013e376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b09","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"239","article-title":"Influence of tongue\/mandible volume ratio on oropharyngeal airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"111","author":"Shigeta, Y.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shigeta, Y., T.Ogawa, E.Ando, G. T.Clark, and R.Enciso. Influence of tongue\/mandible volume ratio on oropharyngeal airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2011. 111:239\u2013243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b10","series-title":"Clin Imaging","first-page":"259","article-title":"The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring.","volume":"31","author":"Ozturk, E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozturk, E., D.Dalayman, G.Sonmez, H.Mutlu, H. O.Sildiroglu, C. C.Basekim, and E.Kizilkaya. The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring.Clin Imaging2007. 31:259\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"434","article-title":"Occlusal plane alteration in orthognathic surgery\u2014part II: long-term stability of results.","volume":"106","author":"Chemello, P. D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chemello, P. D., L. M.Wolford, and P. H.Buschang. Occlusal plane alteration in orthognathic surgery\u2014part II: long-term stability of results.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1994. 106:434\u2013440."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b12","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular setback osteotomy for prognathism.","volume":"89","author":"Kawamata, A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kawamata, A., M.Fujishita, Y.Ariji, and E.Ariji. Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular setback osteotomy for prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2000. 89:278\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b13","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami, M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami, M., K.Yamamoto, M.Fujimoto, K.Ohgi, M.Inoue, and T.Kirita. Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2005. 33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S120","article-title":"Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes.","volume":"137","author":"Cevidanes, L. H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevidanes, L. H., A.Motta, W. R.Proffit, J. L.Ackerman, and M.Styner. Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:S120\u2013S129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b15","series-title":"Comput Biol Med","first-page":"266","article-title":"3D MDCT-based system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures.","volume":"39","author":"Gibbs, J. D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gibbs, J. D., M. W.Graham, and W. E.Higgins. 3D MDCT-based system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures.Comput Biol Med2009. 39:266\u2013279."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-964-b16","series-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"119","article-title":"Application of three dimensional registration based on CT data for orthodontics.","volume":"28","author":"Liu, D. X.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, D. X., H.Liu, and T.Lv. 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