{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:32:21Z","timestamp":1792650741210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effect of systemic administration of omega-3 fatty acids on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) with histological analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n OTM was induced in 20 adult albino New Zealand rabbits, divided into omega-3 and control groups, with nickel-titanium coil springs for 21 days. Omega-3 or saline was given every day via oral gavage during the experimental period. Animals were sacrificed for histomorphometric analysis of alveolar bone remodeling after 21 days of OTM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A significant difference in OTM amount was found in the third week of OTM with means of 1.445 \u00b1 0.13 and 1.72 \u00b1 0.15 for the experimental and control groups, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant reduction in the area of active bone-resorptive lacunae and a significant increase in osteoblastic activity in the omega-3 group after 3 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Strong evidence of the osteoclastic inhibitory effect of systemic omega-3 was found, which reduced the percentage and amount of OTM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110222-750.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T10:12:36Z","timestamp":1678961556000},"page":"476-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of systemic Omega-3 PUFAs effect on orthodontic tooth movement in a rabbit model: RCT"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Asser M.","family":"Gad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia O.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"469.e1","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krishnan\n V,\n \n \n Davidovitch\n Z.\n \n \n Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t469.e1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t32."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"249","article-title":"Expression of bone markers and micro-CT analysis of alveolar bone during orthodontic relapse","volume":"17","author":"Franzen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franzen\n TJ,\n \n \n Monjo\n M,\n \n \n Rubert\n M,\n \n \n Vandevska-Radunovic\n V.\n \n \n Expression of bone markers and micro-CT analysis of alveolar bone during orthodontic relapse.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t249\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t258."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b03","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"821","article-title":"EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls","volume":"197","author":"Block","year":"2008","unstructured":"Block\n RC,\n \n \n Harris\n WS,\n \n \n Reid\n KJ,\n \n \n Sands\n SA,\n \n \n Spertus\n JA.\n \n \n EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t197:\n\t\t\t\t\t821\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b04","series-title":"n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr.","author":"Calder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calder\n PC.\n \n \n n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. 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Nutrients.","author":"Rozner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rozner\n R,\n \n \n Vernikov\n J,\n \n \n Griess-Fishheimer\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources in bone development. Nutrients.\n 2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t12."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b17","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Bone mineral measurements of subchondral and trabecular bone in healthy and osteoporotic rabbits","volume":"35","author":"Castaneda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castaneda\n S,\n \n \n Largo\n R,\n \n \n Calvo\n E,\n \n et al.\n \n Bone mineral measurements of subchondral and trabecular bone in healthy and osteoporotic rabbits.\n\t\t\t\t\tSkeletal Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. 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CdBM\n \n \n Samuel\n RO,\n \n et al.\n \n Omega-3 fatty acids alter systemic inflammatory mediators caused by apical periodontitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Endod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t47:\n\t\t\t\t\t272\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t277."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b23","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Dietary n-3 fatty acids decrease osteoclastogenesis and loss of bone mass in ovariectomized mice","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sun\n D,\n \n \n Krishnan\n A,\n \n \n Zaman\n K,\n \n \n Lawrence\n R,\n \n \n Bhattacharya\n A,\n \n \n Fernandes\n G.\n \n \n Dietary n-3 fatty acids decrease osteoclastogenesis and loss of bone mass in ovariectomized mice.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Miner Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t1206\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1216."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b24","series-title":"Calcif Tiss Int","first-page":"330","article-title":"Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone of rats fed diets with different lipids","volume":"53","author":"Alam","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alam\n SQ,\n \n \n Kokkinos\n PP,\n \n \n Alam\n BS.\n \n \n Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone of rats fed diets with different lipids.\n\t\t\t\t\tCalcif Tiss Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t330\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t332."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b25","series-title":"Anim Sci J","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): effects on diet digestibility, oxidation and palatability and on immunity and inflammatory indices in dogs","volume":"90","author":"Souza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Souza\n CMM,\n \n \n de Lima\n DC,\n \n \n Bastos\n TS.\n \n \n Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): effects on diet digestibility, oxidation and palatability and on immunity and inflammatory indices in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnim Sci 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alveolar bone during orthodontic relapse.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthod Craniofac Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t249\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t258."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b03","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"821","article-title":"EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls","volume":"197","author":"Block","year":"2008","unstructured":"Block\n RC,\n \n \n Harris\n WS,\n \n \n Reid\n KJ,\n \n \n Sands\n SA,\n \n \n Spertus\n JA.\n \n \n EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t197:\n\t\t\t\t\t821\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b04","series-title":"n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr.","author":"Calder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calder\n PC.\n \n \n n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr.\n 2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:1505s\u20131519s."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b05","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"115736","article-title":"Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population?","volume":"143","author":"Martyniak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martyniak\n K,\n \n \n Wei\n F,\n \n \n Ballesteros\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population?\n \n Bone\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t143:\n\t\t\t\t\t115736."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b06","series-title":"Nutrients","first-page":"4058","article-title":"The role for dietary omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in older adults","volume":"6","author":"Molfino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molfino\n A,\n \n \n Gioia\n G,\n \n \n Rossi Fanelli\n F,\n \n \n Muscaritoli\n M.\n \n \n The role for dietary omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in older 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acids in bone development using animal models.\n\t\t\t\t\tMolecules.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t14203\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t14227."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b09","series-title":"Angl Orthod","first-page":"365","article-title":"Influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on experimental tooth movement in rats","volume":"69","author":"Iwami-Morimoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Iwami-Morimoto\n Y,\n \n \n Yamaguchi\n K,\n \n \n Tanne\n K.\n \n \n Influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on experimental tooth movement in rats.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngl Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t69:\n\t\t\t\t\t365\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t371."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-4-476-b10","series-title":"Calcif Tiss Int","first-page":"333","article-title":"Dietary lipids, prostaglandin E2 levels, and tooth movement in alveolar bone of rats","volume":"53","author":"Kokkinos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kokkinos\n PP,\n \n \n Shaye\n R,\n \n \n Alam\n BS,\n \n \n Alam\n SQ.\n \n \n Dietary 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