{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:25:25Z","timestamp":1780482325512,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate how types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, influence the displacement of the center of resistance in teeth and alveolar bone resorption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of different factors, as follows: type of movement (bodily and tipping) and force magnitude (10, 25, 50, and 100 cN). The maxillary left first molars were moved mesially with nickel-titanium coil springs for 28 days. Micro\u2013computed tomography (micro-CT) images were taken before and after tooth movement. The position of the center of resistance was determined by using finite element models constructed from the micro-CT image. The displacement of the center of resistance and the volume of alveolar bone resorption were measured.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The displacement of the center of resistance showed no significant difference between the bodily and tipping groups. The displacements of the center of resistance were increased with force magnitude at 10 and 25 cN, whereas they were not further increased at 50 and 100 cN. On the other hand, cervical alveolar bone resorption was significantly greater in the tipping group than in the bodily group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Displacement of the center of resistance was not influenced by the types of tooth movement. However, volume of cervical alveolar bone resorption was greater in the tipping movement group than in the bodily movement group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110416-794.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T09:48:24Z","timestamp":1487238504000},"page":"563-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Takanobu","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hotokezaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Hamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Nakano-Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kurohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Ino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ya","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll \n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J, \n \n \n Lundgren \n D. \n \n \n The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:287\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll \n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J, \n \n \n Lundgren \n D. \n \n \n Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:141\u2013150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"287","article-title":"Early tooth movement pattern after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model","volume":"110","author":"Lundgren \n D,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lundgren \n D, \n \n \n Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J. \n \n \n Early tooth movement pattern after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:287\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"492.e491","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12 weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study","volume":"136","author":"Paetyangkul \n A,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paetyangkul \n A, \n \n \n Turk \n T, \n \n \n Elekdag-Turk \n S, \n \n \n Jones \n AS, \n \n \n Petocz \n P, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12 weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:492.e491\u2013492.e499; discussion 492\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"150.e151","article-title":"Rate of tooth movement under heavy and light continuous orthodontic forces","volume":"136","author":"Yee \n JA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yee \n JA, \n \n \n Turk \n T, \n \n \n Elekdag-Turk \n S, \n \n \n Cheng \n LL, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Rate of tooth movement under heavy and light continuous orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:150.e151\u2013150.e159; discussion 150\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"An in vivo 3D micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar","volume":"79","author":"Gonzales \n C,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzales \n C, \n \n \n Hotokezaka \n H, \n \n \n Arai \n Y, \n \n et al. \n An in vivo 3D micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:703\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"541","article-title":"Translation of premolars in the dog by controlling the moment-to-force ratio on the crown","volume":"59","author":"Fortin \n JM.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fortin \n JM. \n \n \n Translation of premolars in the dog by controlling the moment-to-force ratio on the crown. Am J Orthod. 1971;59:541\u2013551."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study","volume":"110","author":"Pilon \n JJ,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pilon \n JJ, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM, \n \n \n Maltha \n JC. \n \n \n Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:16\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Influences of aging changes in proliferative rate of PDL cells during experimental tooth movement in rats","volume":"67","author":"Kyomen \n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyomen \n S, \n \n \n Tanne \n K. \n \n \n Influences of aging changes in proliferative rate of PDL cells during experimental tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:67\u201372."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"69","author":"Melsen \n B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:151\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"294","article-title":"Mechanics of tooth movement","volume":"85","author":"Smith \n RJ,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smith \n RJ, \n \n \n Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Mechanics of tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:294\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"96","article-title":"Locating the center of resistance in individual teeth via two- and three-dimensional radiographic data","volume":"75","author":"Geiger \n ME,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geiger \n ME, \n \n \n Lapatki \n BG. \n \n \n Locating the center of resistance in individual teeth via two- and three-dimensional radiographic data. J Orofac Orthop. 2014;75:96\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"84","author":"Nakano \n T,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakano \n T, \n \n \n Hotokezaka \n H, \n \n \n Hashimoto \n M, \n \n et al. \n Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:1079\u20131085."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"633","article-title":"Determination of the centre of resistance in an upper human canine and idealized tooth model","volume":"21","author":"Vollmer \n D,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vollmer \n D, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C, \n \n \n Maier \n K, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A. \n \n \n Determination of the centre of resistance in an upper human canine and idealized tooth model. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:633\u2013648."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Biomechanical finite-element investigation of the position of the centre of resistance of the upper incisors","volume":"29","author":"Reimann \n S,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reimann \n S, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C. \n \n \n Biomechanical finite-element investigation of the position of the centre of resistance of the upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:219\u2013224."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Effect of bracket slot and archwire dimensions on anterior tooth movement during space closure in sliding mechanics: a 3-dimensional finite element study","volume":"146","author":"Tominaga \n JY,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tominaga \n JY, \n \n \n Ozaki \n H, \n \n \n Chiang \n PC, \n \n et al. \n Effect of bracket slot and archwire dimensions on anterior tooth movement during space closure in sliding mechanics: a 3-dimensional finite element study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:166\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"811","article-title":"Biomechanical time dependency of the periodontal ligament: a combined experimental and numerical approach","volume":"35","author":"Papadopoulou \n K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papadopoulou \n K, \n \n \n Hasan \n I, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n et al. \n Biomechanical time dependency of the periodontal ligament: a combined experimental and numerical approach. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:811\u2013818."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"9","article-title":"The time-dependent biomechanical behaviour of the periodontal ligament\u2014an in vitro experimental study in minipig mandibular two-rooted premolars","volume":"36","author":"Papadopoulou \n K,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papadopoulou \n K, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n \n Eliades \n T, \n \n \n Krause \n R, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C. \n \n \n The time-dependent biomechanical behaviour of the periodontal ligament\u2014an in vitro experimental study in minipig mandibular two-rooted premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36:9\u201315."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"163","article-title":"Axes of resistance for tooth movement: does the center of resistance exist in 3-dimensional space?","volume":"143","author":"Viecilli \n RF,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viecilli \n RF, \n \n \n Budiman \n A, \n \n \n Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Axes of resistance for tooth movement: does the center of resistance exist in 3-dimensional space?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:163\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw038","article-title":"Increasing the amount of corticotomy does not affect orthodontic tooth movement or root resorption, but accelerates alveolar bone resorption in rats","author":"Kurohama \n T,","year":"2016]","unstructured":"Kurohama \n T, \n \n \n Hotokezaka \n H, \n \n \n Hashimoto \n M, \n \n et al. \n Increasing the amount of corticotomy does not affect orthodontic tooth movement or root resorption, but accelerates alveolar bone resorption in rats. [published ahead of print May 3,2016]. Eur J Orthod. doi:10.1093\/ejo\/cjw038."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"399","article-title":"Alveolar bone resorption and the center of resistance modification (3-D analysis by means of the finite element method)","volume":"117","author":"Geramy \n A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geramy \n A. \n \n \n Alveolar bone resorption and the center of resistance modification (3-D analysis by means of the finite element method). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117:399\u2013405."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll \n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J, \n \n \n Lundgren \n D. \n \n \n The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:287\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll \n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J, \n \n \n Lundgren \n D. \n \n \n Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:141\u2013150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"287","article-title":"Early tooth movement pattern after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model","volume":"110","author":"Lundgren \n D,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lundgren \n D, \n \n \n Owman-Moll \n P, \n \n \n Kurol \n J. \n \n \n Early tooth movement pattern after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:287\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"492.e491","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12 weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study","volume":"136","author":"Paetyangkul \n A,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paetyangkul \n A, \n \n \n Turk \n T, \n \n \n Elekdag-Turk \n S, \n \n \n Jones \n AS, \n \n \n Petocz \n P, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12 weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:492.e491\u2013492.e499; discussion 492\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"150.e151","article-title":"Rate of tooth movement under heavy and light continuous orthodontic forces","volume":"136","author":"Yee \n JA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yee \n JA, \n \n \n Turk \n T, \n \n \n Elekdag-Turk \n S, \n \n \n Cheng \n LL, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Rate of tooth movement under heavy and light continuous orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:150.e151\u2013150.e159; discussion 150\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"An in vivo 3D micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar","volume":"79","author":"Gonzales \n C,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzales \n C, \n \n \n Hotokezaka \n H, \n \n \n Arai \n Y, \n \n et al. \n An in vivo 3D micro-CT evaluation of tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes in rat molar. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:703\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"541","article-title":"Translation of premolars in the dog by controlling the moment-to-force ratio on the crown","volume":"59","author":"Fortin \n JM.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fortin \n JM. \n \n \n Translation of premolars in the dog by controlling the moment-to-force ratio on the crown. Am J Orthod. 1971;59:541\u2013551."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study","volume":"110","author":"Pilon \n JJ,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pilon \n JJ, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM, \n \n \n Maltha \n JC. \n \n \n Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:16\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Influences of aging changes in proliferative rate of PDL cells during experimental tooth movement in rats","volume":"67","author":"Kyomen \n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyomen \n S, \n \n \n Tanne \n K. \n \n \n Influences of aging changes in proliferative rate of PDL cells during experimental tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:67\u201372."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"69","author":"Melsen \n B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:151\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"294","article-title":"Mechanics of tooth movement","volume":"85","author":"Smith \n RJ,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smith \n RJ, \n \n \n Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Mechanics of tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:294\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"96","article-title":"Locating the center of resistance in individual teeth via two- and three-dimensional radiographic data","volume":"75","author":"Geiger \n ME,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geiger \n ME, \n \n \n Lapatki \n BG. \n \n \n Locating the center of resistance in individual teeth via two- and three-dimensional radiographic data. J Orofac Orthop. 2014;75:96\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"84","author":"Nakano \n T,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakano \n T, \n \n \n Hotokezaka \n H, \n \n \n Hashimoto \n M, \n \n et al. \n Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:1079\u20131085."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"633","article-title":"Determination of the centre of resistance in an upper human canine and idealized tooth model","volume":"21","author":"Vollmer \n D,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vollmer \n D, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C, \n \n \n Maier \n K, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A. \n \n \n Determination of the centre of resistance in an upper human canine and idealized tooth model. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:633\u2013648."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Biomechanical finite-element investigation of the position of the centre of resistance of the upper incisors","volume":"29","author":"Reimann \n S,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reimann \n S, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C. \n \n \n Biomechanical finite-element investigation of the position of the centre of resistance of the upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:219\u2013224."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Effect of bracket slot and archwire dimensions on anterior tooth movement during space closure in sliding mechanics: a 3-dimensional finite element study","volume":"146","author":"Tominaga \n JY,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tominaga \n JY, \n \n \n Ozaki \n H, \n \n \n Chiang \n PC, \n \n et al. \n Effect of bracket slot and archwire dimensions on anterior tooth movement during space closure in sliding mechanics: a 3-dimensional finite element study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:166\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"811","article-title":"Biomechanical time dependency of the periodontal ligament: a combined experimental and numerical approach","volume":"35","author":"Papadopoulou \n K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papadopoulou \n K, \n \n \n Hasan \n I, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n et al. \n Biomechanical time dependency of the periodontal ligament: a combined experimental and numerical approach. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:811\u2013818."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"9","article-title":"The time-dependent biomechanical behaviour of the periodontal ligament\u2014an in vitro experimental study in minipig mandibular two-rooted premolars","volume":"36","author":"Papadopoulou \n K,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papadopoulou \n K, \n \n \n Keilig \n L, \n \n \n Eliades \n T, \n \n \n Krause \n R, \n \n \n J\u00e4ger \n A, \n \n \n Bourauel \n C. \n \n \n The time-dependent biomechanical behaviour of the periodontal ligament\u2014an in vitro experimental study in minipig mandibular two-rooted premolars. 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[published ahead of print May 3,2016]. Eur J Orthod. doi:10.1093\/ejo\/cjw038."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-563-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"399","article-title":"Alveolar bone resorption and the center of resistance modification (3-D analysis by means of the finite element method)","volume":"117","author":"Geramy \n A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geramy \n A. \n \n \n Alveolar bone resorption and the center of resistance modification (3-D analysis by means of the finite element method). 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