{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:14:30Z","timestamp":1770477270755,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To determine what therapeutic effects can be expected in the case of early treatment of Class III relations with removable appliances with or without face masks.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: Records available at the university clinic of T\u00fcbingen for 41 patients who had undergone early treatment because of prognathic abnormalities were retrospectively evaluated. Lateral cephalograms taken and casts obtained at baseline and at the end of early treatment were included in the analysis. Two treatment strategies were compared. The first group included removable functional orthopedic appliances only (FOA group), while the second group was treated with removable appliances and with face masks mounted on a cemented maxillary expansion appliance (face mask group).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Positive changes were achieved in both groups for overjet (FOA group: +1.3 mm; face mask group: +2.2 mm) and Wits values (FOA group: +0.4 mm; face mask group: 1.7 mm). Moreover, a change in mean ANB values was achieved in the face mask group (+0.9\u00b0). The FOA group exhibited a reduction in mandibular angles. Changes in maxillary inclination with reduced inclination angles led to increases in overjet and overbite. The face mask group showed dorsal rotation of the mandible with reduced SNB values (\u22120.8\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Early treatment of prognathism is a meaningful option, as demonstrated by the dentoskeletal (and hence functional) improvements observed in the present study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/110606-455.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,15]],"date-time":"2007-08-15T16:52:30Z","timestamp":1187196750000},"page":"44-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Early Treatment to Correct Class III Relations with or without Face Masks"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Arnim","family":"Godt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zeyher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Schatz-Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"G\u00f6z","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"2020042120433481600_i0003-3219-078-01-0044-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/15.3.211","article-title":"Changes in dentofacial morphology in skelettal Class III children treated by a modified maxillary protraction headgear and a chin cup: a longitudinal cephalometric appraisal.","volume":"15","author":"Takada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2020042120433481600_i0003-3219-078-01-0044-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70306-3","article-title":"Skelettal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy.","volume":"113","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120433481600_i0003-3219-078-01-0044-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70294-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of protaction face mask therapy: a meta-analysis.","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120433481600_i0003-3219-078-01-0044-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.104491","article-title":"Effective treatment plan for maxillary protraction: is the bone age 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