{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:28:36Z","timestamp":1782826116764,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To conduct a pilot study to determine if the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) influences the orthodontic treatment outcome of Class II hyperdivergent patients receiving comprehensive orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients between the ages of 12 and 14 who received orthodontic treatment at the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: the OSA group and the control group, based on the outcome of pretreatment polysomnography findings and lateral cephalometric radiograph examination. Patients in the control group were matched with the OSA group for age, sex, ethnicity, weight, and height. Cephalometric measurements were used to record the skeletal and dental changes from before to after treatment. Data were analyzed using the\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty three OSA patients and 23 control patients were included. After comprehensive orthodontic treatment, the mandibular plane angle (SN-GoMe), articular angle (SArGo), sum of Jarabak angles (SUM) and the lower gonial angle (NGoMe) were found to increase significantly in the OSA group but remained unchanged or decreased slightly in the control group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). In the non-OSA group, the growth pattern became more horizontal. In contrast, in the OSA group the growth pattern became more vertical. Otherwise, similar treatment results were obtained for both groups in terms of sagittal change and occlusion.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The presence of OSA in pediatric patients has a deleterious effect on the development of hyperdivergent malocclusions. Early diagnosis and management of pediatric OSA can affect the orthodontic treatment outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110617-759.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T15:53:44Z","timestamp":1526918024000},"page":"560-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Impact of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea on the development of Class II hyperdivergent patients receiving orthodontic treatment:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Student, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ngan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University, School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-560-b01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"23","article-title":"Sleep apnea in eight children","volume":"58","author":"Guilleminault \n C,","year":"1976","unstructured":"Guilleminault \n C, \n \n \n Eldridge \n FL, \n \n \n Simmons \n FB, \n \n \n Dement \n WC. \n \n \n Sleep apnea in eight children. 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Sleep Breath. 2011;15:163\u2013171."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-560-b14","series-title":"Sleep Med","first-page":"709","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"16","author":"Villa \n MP,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villa \n MP, \n \n \n Rizzoli \n A, \n \n \n Rabasco \n J, \n \n et al. \n Rapid maxillary expansion outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. 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Eur J Orthodont. 2006;28:319\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-5-560-b08","series-title":"The Laryngoscope","first-page":"2089","article-title":"The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients","volume":"120","author":"Harari \n D,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harari \n D, \n \n \n Redlich \n M, \n \n \n Miri \n S, \n \n \n Hamud \n T, \n \n \n Gross \n M. \n \n \n The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients. 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