{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:43:36Z","timestamp":1790142216320,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes after the use of miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus fatigue-resistant device (FRD) in treatment of Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n In this controlled clinical trial, 16 patients (9 girls and 7 boys; age 12.45 \u00b1 0.87 years) were consecutively treated with miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD. This group was compared with a matched control group of 16 untreated patients (8 girls and 8 boys; age 11.95 \u00b1 1.04 years). Miniscrews were inserted bilaterally between the maxillary canine and first premolar. Forsus FRD was selected and inserted in an inverted manner mesial to the mandibular headgear tube and distal to the maxillary canine bracket.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Class I molar and canine relationships with positive overjet were achieved in an average period of 6.4 \u00b1 1.46 months. Maxillary forward growth showed a statistically significant increase (SNA\u00b0: 1.73 \u00b1 0.53,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .5), maxillary incisor proclination was statistically significant (U1 to NA\u00b0: \u22120.39 \u00b1 0.33,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .5), and the lower incisors exhibited significant retroclination (L1 to NB\u00b0: 1.65 \u00b1 0.83,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .5). Significant lower lip retrusion and upper lip protrusion were obvious treatment outcomes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .5).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The use of miniscrew-anchored inverted FRD could effectively increase maxillary forward growth, but it did not prevent mesial movement of the maxillary dentition. Significant lower incisor retroclination was observed. Significant esthetic improvement of the facial profile was achieved primarily because of lower lip retrusion and upper lip protrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110717-760.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T09:37:27Z","timestamp":1529314647000},"page":"692-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD: Controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Osama","family":"Eissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"ElShennawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safaa","family":"Gaballah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"ElMehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"El-Bialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b01","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"249","article-title":"Maxillary retrusion in class 3 and treatment with the function corrector 3","author":"Frankel \n R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Frankel \n R. \n \n \n Maxillary retrusion in class 3 and treatment with the function corrector 3. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1970:249\u2013259."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b02","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"153","article-title":"The function regulator III: effects and indications for use","volume":"12","author":"Loh \n MK,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Loh \n MK, \n \n \n Kerr \n WJ. \n \n \n The function regulator III: effects and indications for use. Br J Orthod. 1985;12(3):153\u2013157."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b03","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"197","article-title":"Class III twin blocks: a case series","volume":"30","author":"Kidner \n G,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kidner \n G, \n \n \n DiBiase \n A, \n \n \n DiBiase \n D. \n \n \n Class III twin blocks: a case series. J Orthod. 2003;30(3):197\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b04","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"311","article-title":"Chin-cap treatment for angle class 3 malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Chin-cap treatment for angle class 3 malocclusion. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1965;41:311\u2013327."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"127","article-title":"Long-term effects of chincap therapy on skeletal profile in mandibular prognathism","volume":"98","author":"Sugawara \n J,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sugawara \n J, \n \n \n Asano \n T, \n \n \n Endo \n N, \n \n \n Mitani \n H. \n \n \n Long-term effects of chincap therapy on skeletal profile in mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98(2):127\u2013133."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on class III malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Nartallo-Turley \n PE,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nartallo-Turley \n PE, \n \n \n Turley \n PK. \n \n \n Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1998;68(3):217\u2013224."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"237","article-title":"Cephalometric and occlusal changes following maxillary expansion and protraction","volume":"20","author":"Ngan \n P,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ngan \n P, \n \n \n Yiu \n C, \n \n \n Hu \n A, \n \n \n Hagg \n U, \n \n \n Wei \n SH, \n \n \n Gunel \n E. \n \n \n Cephalometric and occlusal changes following maxillary expansion and protraction. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(3):237\u2013254."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T. \n \n \n Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"568","article-title":"On the use of personality characteristics in predicting compliance in orthodontic practice","volume":"123","author":"Bos \n A,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bos \n A, \n \n \n Hoogstraten \n J, \n \n \n Prahl-Andersen \n B. \n \n \n On the use of personality characteristics in predicting compliance in orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123(5):568\u2013570."},{"issue":"8","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"584","article-title":"Psychological issues in orthodontic practice","volume":"52","author":"Story \n RI.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Story \n RI. \n \n \n Psychological issues in orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod. 1966;52(8):584\u2013598."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"604","article-title":"Orthodontic cooperation","volume":"80","author":"El-Mangoury \n NH.","year":"1981","unstructured":"El-Mangoury \n NH. \n \n \n Orthodontic cooperation. Am J Orthod. 1981;80(6):604\u2013622."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"The forsus fatigue resistant device","volume":"40","author":"Vogt \n W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vogt \n W. \n \n \n The forsus fatigue resistant device. J Clin Orthod. 2006;40(6):368\u2013377."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b13","series-title":"Kerala Dent J","first-page":"19","article-title":"An inverted Forsus\u2122 for class III treatment: a pilot typodont study","volume":"6","author":"Elsheikh \n M,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elsheikh \n M, \n \n \n Manosudprasit \n M, \n \n \n Godfrey \n K, \n \n \n Viwattanatipa \n N. \n \n \n An inverted Forsus\u2122 for class III treatment: a pilot typodont study. Kerala Dent J. 2003;6(1):19\u201324."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b14","series-title":"Orthod Fr","first-page":"307","article-title":"Skeletal class II treatment with the miniscrew-anchored Herbst [in French]","volume":"84","author":"Luzi \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luzi \n C, \n \n \n Luzi \n V. \n \n \n Skeletal class II treatment with the miniscrew-anchored Herbst [in French]. Orthod Fr. 2013;84(4):307\u2013318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"824","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Eissa \n O,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eissa \n O, \n \n \n El-Shennawy \n M, \n \n \n Gaballah \n S, \n \n \n El-Meehy \n G, \n \n \n El Bialy \n T. \n \n \n Treatment outcomes of class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:824\u2013833."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11(3):119\u2013129."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b17","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of severe skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"50","author":"Carriere \n L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carriere \n L. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of severe skeletal class III malocclusion. J Clin Orthod. 2016;50(4):216\u2013230."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b01","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"249","article-title":"Maxillary retrusion in class 3 and treatment with the function corrector 3","author":"Frankel \n R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Frankel \n R. \n \n \n Maxillary retrusion in class 3 and treatment with the function corrector 3. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1970:249\u2013259."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b02","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"153","article-title":"The function regulator III: effects and indications for use","volume":"12","author":"Loh \n MK,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Loh \n MK, \n \n \n Kerr \n WJ. \n \n \n The function regulator III: effects and indications for use. Br J Orthod. 1985;12(3):153\u2013157."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b03","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"197","article-title":"Class III twin blocks: a case series","volume":"30","author":"Kidner \n G,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kidner \n G, \n \n \n DiBiase \n A, \n \n \n DiBiase \n D. \n \n \n Class III twin blocks: a case series. J Orthod. 2003;30(3):197\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b04","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"311","article-title":"Chin-cap treatment for angle class 3 malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Chin-cap treatment for angle class 3 malocclusion. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1965;41:311\u2013327."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"127","article-title":"Long-term effects of chincap therapy on skeletal profile in mandibular prognathism","volume":"98","author":"Sugawara \n J,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sugawara \n J, \n \n \n Asano \n T, \n \n \n Endo \n N, \n \n \n Mitani \n H. \n \n \n Long-term effects of chincap therapy on skeletal profile in mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98(2):127\u2013133."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on class III malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Nartallo-Turley \n PE,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nartallo-Turley \n PE, \n \n \n Turley \n PK. \n \n \n Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1998;68(3):217\u2013224."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"237","article-title":"Cephalometric and occlusal changes following maxillary expansion and protraction","volume":"20","author":"Ngan \n P,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ngan \n P, \n \n \n Yiu \n C, \n \n \n Hu \n A, \n \n \n Hagg \n U, \n \n \n Wei \n SH, \n \n \n Gunel \n E. \n \n \n Cephalometric and occlusal changes following maxillary expansion and protraction. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(3):237\u2013254."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T. \n \n \n Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"568","article-title":"On the use of personality characteristics in predicting compliance in orthodontic practice","volume":"123","author":"Bos \n A,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bos \n A, \n \n \n Hoogstraten \n J, \n \n \n Prahl-Andersen \n B. \n \n \n On the use of personality characteristics in predicting compliance in orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123(5):568\u2013570."},{"issue":"8","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"584","article-title":"Psychological issues in orthodontic practice","volume":"52","author":"Story \n RI.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Story \n RI. \n \n \n Psychological issues in orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod. 1966;52(8):584\u2013598."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"604","article-title":"Orthodontic cooperation","volume":"80","author":"El-Mangoury \n NH.","year":"1981","unstructured":"El-Mangoury \n NH. \n \n \n Orthodontic cooperation. Am J Orthod. 1981;80(6):604\u2013622."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"The forsus fatigue resistant device","volume":"40","author":"Vogt \n W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vogt \n W. \n \n \n The forsus fatigue resistant device. J Clin Orthod. 2006;40(6):368\u2013377."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b13","series-title":"Kerala Dent J","first-page":"19","article-title":"An inverted Forsus\u2122 for class III treatment: a pilot typodont study","volume":"6","author":"Elsheikh \n M,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elsheikh \n M, \n \n \n Manosudprasit \n M, \n \n \n Godfrey \n K, \n \n \n Viwattanatipa \n N. \n \n \n An inverted Forsus\u2122 for class III treatment: a pilot typodont study. Kerala Dent J. 2003;6(1):19\u201324."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b14","series-title":"Orthod Fr","first-page":"307","article-title":"Skeletal class II treatment with the miniscrew-anchored Herbst [in French]","volume":"84","author":"Luzi \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luzi \n C, \n \n \n Luzi \n V. \n \n \n Skeletal class II treatment with the miniscrew-anchored Herbst [in French]. Orthod Fr. 2013;84(4):307\u2013318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"824","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Eissa \n O,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eissa \n O, \n \n \n El-Shennawy \n M, \n \n \n Gaballah \n S, \n \n \n El-Meehy \n G, \n \n \n El Bialy \n T. \n \n \n Treatment outcomes of class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:824\u2013833."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11(3):119\u2013129."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-88-6-692-b17","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of severe skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"50","author":"Carriere \n L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carriere \n L. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of severe skeletal class III malocclusion. J Clin Orthod. 2016;50(4):216\u2013230."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/6\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/88\/6\/692\/1395851\/110717-760_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/6\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/6\/article-p692.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:11:31Z","timestamp":1780067491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/6\/article-p692.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/110717-760.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}}}