{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T14:57:54Z","timestamp":1773673074118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The purpose of this prospective laboratory study was to investigate the suitability of the computed tomography scanogram (CT) as compared with conventional (CC) or storage phosphor digital (SP) lateral cephalograms.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Twenty intact, adult-sized, dry human skulls were used. Each skull was fixed in a custom-made plastic box and imaged in each of the three radiographic machines. All 60 hard copy radiographs were directly digitized using a customized cephalometric program, and all skulls were measured with an external caliper. All measurements were carried out twice, 2\u00a0weeks apart. \u201cA priori\u201d ranges were defined in advance for all 18 craniofacial parameters. Linear measurements were corrected for radiographic magnification. Data were analyzed using coefficients of repeatability, limits of agreement, and paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Direct skull, anterior face height, sella-nasion, and cephalometric SnMx, SNA, SNB, and ANB (except CT) measurements were repeatable. Sella-basion, basion-nasion, most posterior face height measurements, MxMn, and incisor angulations were either not repeatable or not in agreement. When statistical significance was noted, however, the mean difference was of small magnitude for nearly all parameters.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Depending on the clinical situation and the degree of precision required, the scanogram is a viable alternative to lateral cephalometry for assessment of sella-nasion, anterior face height, skeletal planes angles (SnMx, MxMn), SNA, SNB, and ANB, but not of sella-basion, basion-nasion, posterior face height measurements, and incisor angulations.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/110809-630.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1286825244000},"page":"17-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the CT scanogram for assessment of craniofacial morphology"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Francis C. C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Harold","family":"Noar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert David","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b01","series-title":"The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging. Volume\u00a0I: Physics, Techniques and Procedures","author":"Gustav, K. V. S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gustav, K. V. S. and S.Hans-Jorgen. The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging. Volume\u00a0I: Physics, Techniques and Procedures. Oxford, UKISIS Medical Media. 1998."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b02","series-title":"Computed Tomography. Fundamentals, System Technology, Image Quality, Applications","author":"Kalender, W. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kalender, W. A.\n          \n          Computed Tomography. Fundamentals, System Technology, Image Quality, Applications. Munich, GermanyPublicis MCD Verlag. 2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b03","series-title":"Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Quality Control. 2nd ed","author":"Seeram, E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Seeram, E.\n          \n          Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Quality Control. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PaSaunders. 2001."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"505","article-title":"The reliability of headfilm measurements. II. Conventional angular and linear measures.","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind, S.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind, S. and R. C.Frantz. The reliability of headfilm measurements. II. Conventional angular and linear measures.Am J Orthod1971. 60:505\u2013517."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b05","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"101","article-title":"The cephalographic projection. Part II. Principles of image distortion in cephalography.","volume":"12","author":"Ahlqvist, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ahlqvist, J., S.Eliasson, and U.Welander. The cephalographic projection. Part II. Principles of image distortion in cephalography.Dentomaxillofac Radiol1983. 12:101\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"196","article-title":"Effect of magnification on lateral cephalometric studies.","volume":"122","author":"Dibbets, J. M. H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dibbets, J. M. H. and K.Nolte. Effect of magnification on lateral cephalometric studies.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2002. 122:196\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"315","article-title":"The effect of head rotation on cephalometric radiographs.","volume":"27","author":"Malkoc, S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malkoc, S., Z.Sari, S.Usumez, and A. E.Koyuturk. The effect of head rotation on cephalometric radiographs.Eur J Orthod2005. 27:315\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"56","article-title":"Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks and errors of measurement of cephalometric cranial distances.","volume":"44","author":"Midtg\u00e5rd, J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Midtg\u00e5rd, J., A.Bj\u00f6rk, and S.Linder-Aronson. 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Landmark identification.Am J Orthod1971. 60:111\u2013127."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.","volume":"83","author":"Houston, W. J. B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston, W. J. B.\n          \n          The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1983. 83:382\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"331","article-title":"Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks on conventional film, hardcopy, and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique.","volume":"20","author":"Geelen, W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geelen, W., A.Wenzel, E.Gotfredsen, M.Kruger, and L. G.Hansson. Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks on conventional film, hardcopy, and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique.Eur J Orthod1998. 20:331\u2013340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b13","series-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac","first-page":"181","article-title":"Comparaison des telecranes et des \u2018modes radios.\u2019 [A comparison of standard radiographs and \u2018scout-view\u2019 radiographs: the value for cephalometric analysis.].","volume":"99","author":"Gigon, S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gigon, S., F.Calonnec, J. B.Kerbrat, P.Delcampe, and J. M.Peron. Comparaison des telecranes et des \u2018modes radios.\u2019 [A comparison of standard radiographs and \u2018scout-view\u2019 radiographs: the value for cephalometric analysis.].Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac1998. 99:181\u2013183."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b14","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"301","article-title":"Reliability of landmark identification in cephalometric radiography acquired by a storage phosphor imaging system.","volume":"33","author":"Chen, Y. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, Y. J., S. K.Chen, H. W.Huang, C. C.Yao, and H. F.Chang. Reliability of landmark identification in cephalometric radiography acquired by a storage phosphor imaging system.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2004. 33:301\u2013306."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"165","article-title":"Cephalometric landmarks identification and reproducibility: a meta analysis.","volume":"112","author":"Trpkova, B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Trpkova, B., P.Major, N.Prasad, and B.Nebbe. Cephalometric landmarks identification and reproducibility: a meta analysis.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1997. 112:165\u2013170."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b16","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"104","article-title":"Comparison of CT scanograms and cephalometric radiographs in craniofacial imaging.","volume":"5","author":"Chidiac, J. J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chidiac, J. J., F. S.Shofer, A.Al-Kutoubi, L. L.Laster, and J.Ghafari. Comparison of CT scanograms and cephalometric radiographs in craniofacial imaging.Orthod Craniofac Res2002. 5:104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b17","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"301","article-title":"Phosphor-stimulated computed cephalometry: reliability of landmark identification.","volume":"24","author":"Lim, K. F.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lim, K. F. and K. W. C.Foong. Phosphor-stimulated computed cephalometry: reliability of landmark identification.Br J Orthod1997. 24:301\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b18","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"91","article-title":"Prospective study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks on conventional and digital lateral headfilms.","volume":"61","author":"Hagemann, K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagemann, K., D.Vollmer, T.Niegel, U.Ehmer, and I.Reuter. Prospective study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks on conventional and digital lateral headfilms.J Orofac Orthop2000. 61:91\u201399."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b19","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"307","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.","volume":"1","author":"Bland, J. M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland, J. M. and D. G.Altman. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.Lancet1986. 1:307\u2013310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"457","article-title":"Natural head posture\u2014considerations of reproducibility.","volume":"24","author":"Bister, D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bister, D., R. J.Edler, B. D.Tom, and A. T.Prevost. Natural head posture\u2014considerations of reproducibility.Eur J Orthod2002. 24:457\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-17-b21","series-title":"Orthodontist","first-page":"32","article-title":"The application and importance of cephalometry in orthodontic treatment.","volume":"2","author":"Mills, J. R. E.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mills, J. R. E.\n          \n          The application and importance of cephalometry in orthodontic treatment.\n          Orthodontist\n          1970. 2:32\u201347."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p17.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p17.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p17.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:23Z","timestamp":1747356743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p17.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/110809-630.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}