{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:12:31Z","timestamp":1777072351954,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To assess whether 2D cephalometrics is comparable with 3D imaging devices and whether 3D technology could replace traditional 2D image capture in posttreatment evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> The study is a prospective evaluation of superimposition techniques obtained from a cohort of 40 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in a private practice environment. Surgical records were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs taken by a Kodak 8000C machine, and the 3D images were obtained from the 3dMD stereo photogrammetric camera capture system. Pre- and postlateral cephalometric records were superimposed on the cranial base (SN line) while pre- and post-3D surgical records were superimposed on the regional best-fit method. A mathematical algorithm, or best-fit calculation, was carried out on the selected surfaces. Each set of superimposed records was analyzed, and five soft tissue landmarks were plotted. The differences between the five surface points were analyzed for each set of records.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The final sample consisted of 34 subjects with full records. A total of 680 surface landmarks were plotted and analyzed. The mean differences of the soft tissue landmarks were analyzed for each pair of data sets and were found to range between 1.06 and 8.07 mm and 1.26 and 7.34 mm for lateral cephalometric and 3D readings, respectively. Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests were carried out using the SPSS 15.0 software, and they showed that the results were not statistically significant between the superimposition techniques on the image capture systems (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The types of superimposition techniques used in the imaging modalities studied were comparable with one another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/111408-583.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T01:00:59Z","timestamp":1255568459000},"page":"58-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Soft Tissue Images from Cephalograms Compared With Those from a 3D Surface Acquisition System"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Angela K.","family":"Incrapera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung How","family":"Kau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Director of the 3D Facial Imaging Facility, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Corresponding author: Dr Chung How Kau, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6516 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 (chung.h.kau@uth.tmc.edu)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeryl D.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"McGrory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor and Clinic Director, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Sarver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b1","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"198","article-title":"The feasibility of measuring three-dimensional facial morphology in children.","volume":"7","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., A. I.Zhurov, R.Scheer, S.Bouwman, and S.Richmond. The feasibility of measuring three-dimensional facial morphology in children.Orthod Craniofac Res2004. 7:198\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia.","volume":"1","author":"Broadbent\n              Sr., B. H.","year":"1931","unstructured":"Broadbent\n              Sr., B. H.\n          \n          A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1931. 1:45\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b3","article-title":"A Three-Dimensional Study of Facial Changes in Children Aged 11\u201314 Years [dissertation].","author":"Kau, C. H.","unstructured":"Kau, C. H.\n          \n          A Three-Dimensional Study of Facial Changes in Children Aged 11\u201314 Years [dissertation].\n          Cardiff, UK: Cardiff University; 2006."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b4","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"400","article-title":"Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method.","volume":"42","author":"Bjork, A.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bjork, A., V.Skieller, and T.Linde-Hansen. Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method.J Dent Res1963. 42:400\u2013411."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b5","article-title":"Prediction of mandibular growth rotation.","author":"Bjork, A.","unstructured":"Bjork, A.\n          \n          Prediction of mandibular growth rotation.\n          Am J Orthod. 1969:39\u201353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b6","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"396","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"42","author":"Hajeer, M. Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hajeer, M. Y., A. F.Ayoub, and D. T.Millett. Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg2004. 42:396\u2013404."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b7","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years.","volume":"5","author":"Bjork, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bjork, A., V.Skieller, and T.Linde-Hansen. Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years.Eur J Orthod1983. 5:1\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b8","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"247","article-title":"Precision and error of three-dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images.","volume":"138","author":"Aldridge, K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aldridge, K., S. A.Boyadjiev, G. T.Capone, V. B.DeLeon, and J. T.Richtsmeier. Precision and error of three-dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images.Am J Med Genet2005. 138:247\u2013253."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b9","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"8","article-title":"Use of hand held laser scanning in the assessment of facial swelling: a preliminary study.","volume":"42","author":"Harrison, J. A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harrison, J. A., M. A.Nixon, W. R.Fright, and L.Snape. Use of hand held laser scanning in the assessment of facial swelling: a preliminary study.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg2004. 42\/1:8\u201317."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"282","article-title":"Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics.","volume":"32","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., S.Richmond, J. M.Palomo, and M. G.Hans. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics.J Orthod2005. 32:282\u2013293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"31","article-title":"A new method for the 3D measurement of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery.","volume":"9","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., A.Cronin, P.Durning, A.Zhurov, A.Sandham, and S.Richmond. A new method for the 3D measurement of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery.Orthod Craniofac Res2006. 9:31\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop (comment)","first-page":"193","article-title":"Superimposition and structural analysis.","volume":"109","author":"Isaacson, R. J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Isaacson, R. J.\n          \n          Superimposition and structural analysis.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop (comment)\n          1996. 109:193\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b13","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"243","article-title":"The use of metallic implants in the study of facial growth in children: method and application.","volume":"29","author":"Bjork, A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bjork, A.\n          \n          The use of metallic implants in the study of facial growth in children: method and application.\n          Am J Phys Anthropol\n          1968. 29:243\u2013254."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b14","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"239","article-title":"External and internal cranial base: a cross-sectional study of growth and association in form.","volume":"17","author":"Stamrud, L.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Stamrud, L.\n          \n          External and internal cranial base: a cross-sectional study of growth and association in form.\n          Acta Odontol Scand\n          1959. 17:239\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"751","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children from 12 to 14 years of age.","volume":"134","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kau, C. H. and S.Richmond. Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children from 12 to 14 years of age.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:751\u201360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b16","article-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging.","author":"Jacobson, A.","unstructured":"Jacobson, A.\n          \n          Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging.\n          Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b17","article-title":"Application of 3-dimensional soft tissue imaging in orthodontics.","author":"Kau, C. H.","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., S.Richmond, and A. I.Zhurov. Application of 3-dimensional soft tissue imaging in orthodontics.In: McNamara JA Jr, Kapila S, eds. Digital Radiography and Three-dimensional Imaging. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for Human Growth and Development; 2006:159\u2013179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b18","article-title":"Tracing technique and identification of landmarks.","author":"Caufield, P.","unstructured":"Caufield, P.\n          \n          Tracing technique and identification of landmarks.\n          In: Jacobson A, ed. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995:53\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"556","article-title":"Comparison of hand-traced and computerized cephalograms: landmark identification, measurement and superimposition accuracy.","volume":"133","author":"Roden-Johnson, D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roden-Johnson, D., J.English, and R.Gallerano. Comparison of hand-traced and computerized cephalograms: landmark identification, measurement and superimposition accuracy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 133:556\u2013564."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b20","article-title":"Soft-tissue evaluation.","author":"Jacobson, A.","unstructured":"Jacobson, A.\n          \n          Soft-tissue evaluation.\n          In: Jacobson A, ed. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995:239\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"771","article-title":"Measuring adult facial morphology in three dimensions.","volume":"76","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., S.Richmond, C.Savio, and C.Mallorie. Measuring adult facial morphology in three dimensions.Angle Orthod2006. 76:771\u2013776."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-58-b22","article-title":"Facial analysis in two and three dimensions.","author":"Jacobson, R.","unstructured":"Jacobson, R.\n          \n          Facial analysis in two and three dimensions.\n          In: Jacobson A, ed. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995:273\u2013294."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p58.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/80\/1\/58\/1392880\/111408-583_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p58.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p58.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:50:37Z","timestamp":1747356637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p58.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/111408-583.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}