{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:18Z","timestamp":1791279498876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model in predicting orthognathic surgical outcomes compared to conventional prediction methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Preoperative and posttreatment lateral cephalograms from 705 patients who underwent combined surgical-orthodontic treatment were collected. Predictors included 254 input variables, including preoperative skeletal and soft-tissue characteristics, as well as the extent of orthognathic surgical repositioning. Outcomes were 64 Cartesian coordinate variables of 32 soft-tissue landmarks after surgery. Conventional prediction models were built applying two linear regression methods: multivariate multiple linear regression (MLR) and multivariate partial least squares algorithm (PLS). The AI-based prediction model was based on the TabNet deep neural network. The prediction accuracy was compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In general, MLR demonstrated the poorest predictive performance. Among 32 soft-tissue landmarks, PLS showed more accurate prediction results in 16 soft-tissue landmarks above the upper lip, whereas AI outperformed in six landmarks located in the lower border of the mandible and neck area. The remaining 10 landmarks presented no significant difference between AI and PLS prediction models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n AI predictions did not always outperform conventional methods. A combination of both methods may be more effective in predicting orthognathic surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/111423-756.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T20:01:14Z","timestamp":1715284874000},"page":"549-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Does artificial intelligence predict orthognathic surgical outcomes better than conventional linear regression methods?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Ji-Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ho","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Myung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Joo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Moo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Donatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee\n CH,\n \n \n Park\n HH,\n \n \n Seo\n BM,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"227","article-title":"Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"42","author":"Robinson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Robinson\n SW,\n \n \n Speidel\n TM,\n \n \n Isaacson\n RJ,\n \n \n Worms\n FW.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972;42:227\u2013235."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"483","article-title":"Soft-tissue profile change associated with surgical correction of the prognathic mandible","volume":"65","author":"Hershey","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hershey\n HG,\n \n \n Smith\n LH.\n \n \n Soft-tissue profile change associated with surgical correction of the prognathic mandible. Am J Orthod. 1974;65:483\u2013502."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"676","article-title":"Soft-tissue changes related to the surgical management of mandibular prognathism","volume":"73","author":"Suckiel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Suckiel\n JM,\n \n \n Kohn\n MW.\n \n \n Soft-tissue changes related to the surgical management of mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:676\u2013680."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b05","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following correction of class III malocclusions by mandibular surgery","volume":"8","author":"Willmot","year":"1981","unstructured":"Willmot\n DR.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following correction of class III malocclusions by mandibular surgery. Br J Orthod. 1981;8:175\u2013181."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"29","article-title":"The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery","volume":"84","author":"Quast","year":"1983","unstructured":"Quast\n DC,\n \n \n Biggerstaff\n RH,\n \n \n Haley\n JV.\n \n \n The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983;84:29\u201336."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following mandibular advancement surgery: predictability and long-term outcome","volume":"119","author":"Mobarak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA,\n \n \n Espeland\n L,\n \n \n Krogstad\n O,\n \n \n Lyberg\n T.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following mandibular advancement surgery: predictability and long-term outcome. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:353\u2013367."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"627","article-title":"Predicting lower lip and chin response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty","volume":"122","author":"Veltkamp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Veltkamp\n T,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n English\n JD,\n \n \n Bates\n J,\n \n \n Schow\n SR.\n \n \n Predicting lower lip and chin response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:627\u2013634."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Prediction of soft-tissue changes after mandibular advancement surgery with an equation developed with multivariable regression","volume":"134","author":"Kneafsey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kneafsey\n LC,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n Petrie\n A,\n \n \n Hutton\n TJ.\n \n \n Prediction of soft-tissue changes after mandibular advancement surgery with an equation developed with multivariable regression. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:657\u2013664."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b10","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553\u2013562","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:e553\u2013562."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment","volume":"85","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoon\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b14","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0197209","article-title":"A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling","volume":"13","author":"Knoops","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knoops\n PGM,\n \n \n Borghi\n A,\n \n \n Ruggiero\n F,\n \n et al.\n A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0197209."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method","volume":"89","author":"Suh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Eo\n SH,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method. Angle Orthod. 2019;89:910\u2013916."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable? Angle Orthod. 2020;90:823\u2013830."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2-Might it be better than human","volume":"90","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2-Might it be better than human? Angle Orthod. 2020;90:69\u201376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"903","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD. Angle Orthod. 2019;89:903\u2013909."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"226","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients. Angle Orthod. 2022;92:226\u2013232."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"390","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics. Angle Orthod. 2020;90:390\u2013396."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method","volume":"91","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method. Angle Orthod. 2021;91:329\u2013335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"207","article-title":"Comparison of individualized facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence","volume":"94","author":"Moon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Shin\n HK,\n \n \n Lee\n JM,\n \n et al.\n Comparison of individualized facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence. Angle Orthod. 2024;94:207\u2013215."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"705","article-title":"Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method","volume":"92","author":"Moon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method. Angle Orthod. 2022;92:705\u2013713."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b24","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"6679","article-title":"Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning","volume":"35","author":"Arik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arik\n S\u00d6,\n \n \n Pfister\n T.\n \n \n Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning. Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence. 2021;35:6679\u20136687."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b25","series-title":"Commun Stat Appl Methods","first-page":"65","article-title":"Modified partial least squares method implementing mixed-effect model","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim\n K,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Eo\n SH,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Lee\n JW.\n \n \n Modified partial least squares method implementing mixed-effect model. Commun Stat Appl Methods. 2023;30:65\u201373."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"272","article-title":"How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example","volume":"147","author":"Donatelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147:272\u2013279."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b27","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Reliability statistics every orthodontist should know","volume":"30","author":"Moon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n JM,\n \n \n Park\n JA,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Reliability statistics every orthodontist should know. Semin Orthod. 2024;30:45\u201349."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment outcome predictive performance differences between artificial intelligence and conventional methods","author":"Cho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Ko\n DY,\n \n et al.\n Orthodontic treatment outcome predictive performance differences between artificial intelligence and conventional methods. Angle Orthod. 2024; in press https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/111823-767.1"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee\n CH,\n \n \n Park\n HH,\n \n \n Seo\n BM,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"227","article-title":"Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"42","author":"Robinson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Robinson\n SW,\n \n \n Speidel\n TM,\n \n \n Isaacson\n RJ,\n \n \n Worms\n FW.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972;42:227\u2013235."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"483","article-title":"Soft-tissue profile change associated with surgical correction of the prognathic mandible","volume":"65","author":"Hershey","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hershey\n HG,\n \n \n Smith\n LH.\n \n \n Soft-tissue profile change associated with surgical correction of the prognathic mandible. Am J Orthod. 1974;65:483\u2013502."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"676","article-title":"Soft-tissue changes related to the surgical management of mandibular prognathism","volume":"73","author":"Suckiel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Suckiel\n JM,\n \n \n Kohn\n MW.\n \n \n Soft-tissue changes related to the surgical management of mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:676\u2013680."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b05","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following correction of class III malocclusions by mandibular surgery","volume":"8","author":"Willmot","year":"1981","unstructured":"Willmot\n DR.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following correction of class III malocclusions by mandibular surgery. Br J Orthod. 1981;8:175\u2013181."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"29","article-title":"The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery","volume":"84","author":"Quast","year":"1983","unstructured":"Quast\n DC,\n \n \n Biggerstaff\n RH,\n \n \n Haley\n JV.\n \n \n The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983;84:29\u201336."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following mandibular advancement surgery: predictability and long-term outcome","volume":"119","author":"Mobarak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA,\n \n \n Espeland\n L,\n \n \n Krogstad\n O,\n \n \n Lyberg\n T.\n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following mandibular advancement surgery: predictability and long-term outcome. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:353\u2013367."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"627","article-title":"Predicting lower lip and chin response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty","volume":"122","author":"Veltkamp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Veltkamp\n T,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n English\n JD,\n \n \n Bates\n J,\n \n \n Schow\n SR.\n \n \n Predicting lower lip and chin response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:627\u2013634."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Prediction of soft-tissue changes after mandibular advancement surgery with an equation developed with multivariable regression","volume":"134","author":"Kneafsey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kneafsey\n LC,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n Petrie\n A,\n \n \n Hutton\n TJ.\n \n \n Prediction of soft-tissue changes after mandibular advancement surgery with an equation developed with multivariable regression. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:657\u2013664."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b10","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553\u2013562","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:e553\u2013562."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment","volume":"85","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoon\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b14","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0197209","article-title":"A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling","volume":"13","author":"Knoops","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knoops\n PGM,\n \n \n Borghi\n A,\n \n \n Ruggiero\n F,\n \n et al.\n A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0197209."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method","volume":"89","author":"Suh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Eo\n SH,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method. Angle Orthod. 2019;89:910\u2013916."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable? Angle Orthod. 2020;90:823\u2013830."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2-Might it be better than human","volume":"90","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2-Might it be better than human? Angle Orthod. 2020;90:69\u201376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"903","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD. Angle Orthod. 2019;89:903\u2013909."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"226","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients. Angle Orthod. 2022;92:226\u2013232."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-549-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"390","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics. 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