{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:02:24Z","timestamp":1780070544498,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the association between maxillary arch dimensions and fundamental frequency and formants of voice in prepubertal subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-five consecutive prepubertal patients seeking orthodontic treatment were recruited (mean age = 11.41 \u00b1 1.46 years; range, 8 to 13.7 years). Participants with a history of respiratory infection, laryngeal manipulation, dysphonia, congenital facial malformations, or history of orthodontic treatment were excluded. Dental measurements included maxillary arch length, perimeter, depth, and width. Voice parameters comprising fundamental frequency (f0_sustained), Habitual pitch (f0_count), Jitter, Shimmer, and different formant frequencies (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were measured using acoustic analysis prior to initiation of any orthodontic treatment. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to measure the strength of associations between different dental and voice parameters. Multiple linear regressions were computed for the predictions of different dental measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Arch width and arch depth had moderate significant negative correlations with f0 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.52;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .001 and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.39;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .022, respectively) and with habitual frequency (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.51;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0014 and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.34;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .04, respectively). Arch depth and arch length were significantly correlated with formant F3 and formant F4, respectively. Predictors of arch depth included frequencies of F3 vowels, with a significant regression equation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n -value < .001;\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.49). Similarly, fundamental frequency f0 and frequencies of formant F3 vowels were predictors of arch width, with a significant regression equation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n -value < .001;\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.37).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n There is a significant association between arch dimensions, particularly arch length and depth, and voice parameters. The formant most predictive of arch depth and width is the third formant, along with fundamental frequency of voice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/111617-792.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T08:20:37Z","timestamp":1524039637000},"page":"410-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Maxillary arch dimensions associated with acoustic parameters in prepubertal children"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Abdul-Latif","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Voice Unit, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad","family":"Khandakji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontist, Private Practice, Doha-Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Tannous","family":"Macari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b01","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"758731","article-title":"An investigation of vocal tract characteristics for acoustic discrimination of pathological voices","volume":"Vol. No. 1:2013","author":"Lee \n JW.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee \n JW.\n \n \n Kang \n HG.\n \n \n Choi \n JY.\n \n \n Son \n YI.\n \n \n An investigation of vocal tract characteristics for acoustic discrimination of pathological voices. Biomed Res Int. 2013;Vol. No. 1:2013:758731."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b02","series-title":"Principles of Voice Production, 2nd ed","author":"Titze \n I.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Titze \n I.\n \n \n Principles of Voice Production, 2nd ed. Iowa City, Iowa: National Center for Voice and Speech;2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b03","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"704121","article-title":"Acoustic correlates of compensatory adjustments to the glottic and supraglottic structures in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis","volume":"Vol. No.3:2015","author":"Jesus \n LM.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jesus \n LM.\n \n \n Martinez \n J.\n \n \n Hall \n A.\n \n \n Ferreira \n A.\n \n \n Acoustic correlates of compensatory adjustments to the glottic and supraglottic structures in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;Vol. No.3:2015:704121."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b04","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"1511","article-title":"Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: a study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"106","author":"Fitch \n WT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fitch \n WT.\n \n \n Giedd \n J.\n \n \n Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: a study using magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;106(3 Pt 1):1511\u20131522."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b05","series-title":"Biol Psychol","first-page":"160","article-title":"Relationships between vocal characteristics and body size and shape in human males: an evolutionary explanation for a deep male voice","volume":"72","author":"Evans \n S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evans \n S.\n \n \n Neave \n N.\n \n \n Wakelin \n D.\n \n \n Relationships between vocal characteristics and body size and shape in human males: an evolutionary explanation for a deep male voice. Biol Psychol. 2006;72:160\u2013163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b06","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"618","article-title":"Ziade G. Effect of weight loss on voice after bariatric surgery","volume":"28","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Safadi \n B.\n \n \n Chamseddine \n G.\n \n \n Kasty \n M.\n \n \n Turfe \n ZA.\n \n \n Ziade G. Effect of weight loss on voice after bariatric surgery. J Voice. 2014;28:618\u2013623."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b07","series-title":"Professional Voice: The Science and Art of Clinical Care, 4th ed","first-page":"157","article-title":"Clinical anatomy and physiology of the voice","author":"Sataloff \n RT.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sataloff \n RT.\n \n \n Clinical anatomy and physiology of the voice. In: Sataloff RT.ed. Professional Voice: The Science and Art of Clinical Care, 4th ed. San Diego, Calif: Plural Publishing;2017;157\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b08","series-title":"Physiol Behav","first-page":"783","article-title":"The relationship between testosterone and vocal frequencies in human males","volume":"93","author":"Evans \n S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Evans \n S.\n \n \n Neave \n N.\n \n \n Wakelin \n D.\n \n \n Hamilton \n C.\n \n \n The relationship between testosterone and vocal frequencies in human males. Physiol Behav. 2008;18;93:783\u2013788."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b09","series-title":"J Phon","first-page":"277","article-title":"Formant frequencies and body size of speaker: a weak relationship in adult humans","volume":"32","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez \n J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez \n J.\n \n \n Formant frequencies and body size of speaker: a weak relationship in adult humans. J Phon. 2004;32:277\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b10","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"144","article-title":"Relationships between acoustic parameters and body mass analysis in young males","volume":"26","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Al-Barazi \n R.\n \n \n Tabri \n D.\n \n et al. \n Relationships between acoustic parameters and body mass analysis in young males. J Voice. 2012;26:144\u2013147."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b11","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"567","article-title":"Formant frequency in relation to body mass composition","volume":"27","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Al Barazi \n R.\n \n \n Khneizer \n G.\n \n et al. \n Formant frequency in relation to body mass composition. J Voice. 2013;27:567\u2013571."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b12","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"132.e9","article-title":"Somatotype and body composition of normal and dysphonic adult speakers","volume":"31","author":"Franco \n D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franco \n D.\n \n \n Fragoso \n I.\n \n \n Andrea \n M.\n \n \n Teles \n J.\n \n \n Martins \n F.\n \n \n Somatotype and body composition of normal and dysphonic adult speakers. J Voice. 2017;31:132.e9\u2013132.e21."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b13","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"410","article-title":"Association between facial length and width and fundamental frequency","volume":"31","author":"Macari \n AT.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macari \n AT.\n \n \n Karam \n IA.\n \n \n Ziade \n G.\n \n et al. \n Association between facial length and width and fundamental frequency. J Voice. 2017;31:410\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b14","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"760.e1","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice","volume":"30","author":"Macari \n AT.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macari \n AT.\n \n \n Ziade \n G.\n \n \n Khandakji \n M.\n \n \n Tamim \n H.\n \n \n Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice. J Voice. 2016;30:760.e1\u2013760.e6."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate Speech Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach","first-page":"305","article-title":"The dynamics of speech and orthodontic management in cleft lip and palate","author":"LeBlanc \n EM.","year":"1995","unstructured":"LeBlanc \n EM.\n \n \n Cisneros \n GJ.\n \n \n The dynamics of speech and orthodontic management in cleft lip and palate. In: Shprintzen RJ.Bardach J.eds. Cleft Palate Speech Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;1995:305\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"462","article-title":"Effects of fixed labial orthodontic appliances on speech sound production","volume":"86","author":"Paley \n JS.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paley \n JS.\n \n \n Cisneros \n GJ.\n \n \n Nicolay \n OF.\n \n \n LeBlanc \n EM.\n \n \n Effects of fixed labial orthodontic appliances on speech sound production. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:462\u2013467."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels","volume":"82","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulak Kayikci ME, Akan S, Ciger S, Ozkan S. Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:14\u201321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b18","series-title":"Disordered Voice Database, Version 1.03","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kay Elemetrics Corp. Disordered Voice Database, Version 1.03(CD-ROM). Boston, Mass: MEEI, Voice and Speech Lab; 1994."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b19","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"241","article-title":"Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of the voice in patients with vocal polyps after surgery and voice therapy","volume":"29","author":"Petrovic-Lazic \n M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrovic-Lazic \n M.\n \n \n Jovanovic \n N.\n \n \n Kulic \n M.\n \n \n Babac \n S.\n \n \n Jurisic \n V.\n \n \n Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of the voice in patients with vocal polyps after surgery and voice therapy. J Voice. 2015;29:241\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b20","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"462","article-title":"The science of singing voice","volume":"87","author":"Sundberg \n J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sundberg \n J.\n \n \n Rossing \n TD.\n \n \n The science of singing voice. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990;87:462\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b21","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"82","article-title":"Maxillary dental arch form related to voice classification: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Marunick \n MT.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marunick \n MT.\n \n \n Menaldi \n CJ.\n \n \n Maxillary dental arch form related to voice classification: a pilot study. J Voice. 2000;14:82\u201391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b22","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"503","article-title":"Voice classification and vocal tract of singers: a study of x-ray images and morphology","volume":"125","author":"Roers \n F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roers \n F.\n \n \n M\u00fcrbe \n D.\n \n \n Sundberg \n J.\n \n \n Voice classification and vocal tract of singers: a study of x-ray images and morphology. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009;125:503\u2013512."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b01","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"758731","article-title":"An investigation of vocal tract characteristics for acoustic discrimination of pathological voices","volume":"Vol. No. 1:2013","author":"Lee \n JW.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee \n JW.\n \n \n Kang \n HG.\n \n \n Choi \n JY.\n \n \n Son \n YI.\n \n \n An investigation of vocal tract characteristics for acoustic discrimination of pathological voices. Biomed Res Int. 2013;Vol. No. 1:2013:758731."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b02","series-title":"Principles of Voice Production, 2nd ed","author":"Titze \n I.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Titze \n I.\n \n \n Principles of Voice Production, 2nd ed. Iowa City, Iowa: National Center for Voice and Speech;2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b03","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"704121","article-title":"Acoustic correlates of compensatory adjustments to the glottic and supraglottic structures in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis","volume":"Vol. No.3:2015","author":"Jesus \n LM.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jesus \n LM.\n \n \n Martinez \n J.\n \n \n Hall \n A.\n \n \n Ferreira \n A.\n \n \n Acoustic correlates of compensatory adjustments to the glottic and supraglottic structures in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;Vol. No.3:2015:704121."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b04","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"1511","article-title":"Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: a study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"106","author":"Fitch \n WT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fitch \n WT.\n \n \n Giedd \n J.\n \n \n Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: a study using magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;106(3 Pt 1):1511\u20131522."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b05","series-title":"Biol Psychol","first-page":"160","article-title":"Relationships between vocal characteristics and body size and shape in human males: an evolutionary explanation for a deep male voice","volume":"72","author":"Evans \n S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evans \n S.\n \n \n Neave \n N.\n \n \n Wakelin \n D.\n \n \n Relationships between vocal characteristics and body size and shape in human males: an evolutionary explanation for a deep male voice. Biol Psychol. 2006;72:160\u2013163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b06","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"618","article-title":"Ziade G. Effect of weight loss on voice after bariatric surgery","volume":"28","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Safadi \n B.\n \n \n Chamseddine \n G.\n \n \n Kasty \n M.\n \n \n Turfe \n ZA.\n \n \n Ziade G. Effect of weight loss on voice after bariatric surgery. J Voice. 2014;28:618\u2013623."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b07","series-title":"Professional Voice: The Science and Art of Clinical Care, 4th ed","first-page":"157","article-title":"Clinical anatomy and physiology of the voice","author":"Sataloff \n RT.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sataloff \n RT.\n \n \n Clinical anatomy and physiology of the voice. In: Sataloff RT.ed. Professional Voice: The Science and Art of Clinical Care, 4th ed. San Diego, Calif: Plural Publishing;2017;157\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b08","series-title":"Physiol Behav","first-page":"783","article-title":"The relationship between testosterone and vocal frequencies in human males","volume":"93","author":"Evans \n S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Evans \n S.\n \n \n Neave \n N.\n \n \n Wakelin \n D.\n \n \n Hamilton \n C.\n \n \n The relationship between testosterone and vocal frequencies in human males. Physiol Behav. 2008;18;93:783\u2013788."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b09","series-title":"J Phon","first-page":"277","article-title":"Formant frequencies and body size of speaker: a weak relationship in adult humans","volume":"32","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez \n J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez \n J.\n \n \n Formant frequencies and body size of speaker: a weak relationship in adult humans. J Phon. 2004;32:277\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b10","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"144","article-title":"Relationships between acoustic parameters and body mass analysis in young males","volume":"26","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Al-Barazi \n R.\n \n \n Tabri \n D.\n \n et al. \n Relationships between acoustic parameters and body mass analysis in young males. J Voice. 2012;26:144\u2013147."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b11","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"567","article-title":"Formant frequency in relation to body mass composition","volume":"27","author":"Hamdan \n AL.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Al Barazi \n R.\n \n \n Khneizer \n G.\n \n et al. \n Formant frequency in relation to body mass composition. J Voice. 2013;27:567\u2013571."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b12","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"132.e9","article-title":"Somatotype and body composition of normal and dysphonic adult speakers","volume":"31","author":"Franco \n D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franco \n D.\n \n \n Fragoso \n I.\n \n \n Andrea \n M.\n \n \n Teles \n J.\n \n \n Martins \n F.\n \n \n Somatotype and body composition of normal and dysphonic adult speakers. J Voice. 2017;31:132.e9\u2013132.e21."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b13","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"410","article-title":"Association between facial length and width and fundamental frequency","volume":"31","author":"Macari \n AT.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macari \n AT.\n \n \n Karam \n IA.\n \n \n Ziade \n G.\n \n et al. \n Association between facial length and width and fundamental frequency. J Voice. 2017;31:410\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b14","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"760.e1","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice","volume":"30","author":"Macari \n AT.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macari \n AT.\n \n \n Ziade \n G.\n \n \n Khandakji \n M.\n \n \n Tamim \n H.\n \n \n Hamdan \n AL.\n \n \n Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice. J Voice. 2016;30:760.e1\u2013760.e6."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate Speech Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach","first-page":"305","article-title":"The dynamics of speech and orthodontic management in cleft lip and palate","author":"LeBlanc \n EM.","year":"1995","unstructured":"LeBlanc \n EM.\n \n \n Cisneros \n GJ.\n \n \n The dynamics of speech and orthodontic management in cleft lip and palate. In: Shprintzen RJ.Bardach J.eds. Cleft Palate Speech Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;1995:305\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"462","article-title":"Effects of fixed labial orthodontic appliances on speech sound production","volume":"86","author":"Paley \n JS.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paley \n JS.\n \n \n Cisneros \n GJ.\n \n \n Nicolay \n OF.\n \n \n LeBlanc \n EM.\n \n \n Effects of fixed labial orthodontic appliances on speech sound production. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:462\u2013467."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels","volume":"82","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulak Kayikci ME, Akan S, Ciger S, Ozkan S. Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:14\u201321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b18","series-title":"Disordered Voice Database, Version 1.03","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kay Elemetrics Corp. Disordered Voice Database, Version 1.03(CD-ROM). Boston, Mass: MEEI, Voice and Speech Lab; 1994."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b19","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"241","article-title":"Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of the voice in patients with vocal polyps after surgery and voice therapy","volume":"29","author":"Petrovic-Lazic \n M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrovic-Lazic \n M.\n \n \n Jovanovic \n N.\n \n \n Kulic \n M.\n \n \n Babac \n S.\n \n \n Jurisic \n V.\n \n \n Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of the voice in patients with vocal polyps after surgery and voice therapy. J Voice. 2015;29:241\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b20","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"462","article-title":"The science of singing voice","volume":"87","author":"Sundberg \n J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sundberg \n J.\n \n \n Rossing \n TD.\n \n \n The science of singing voice. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990;87:462\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b21","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"82","article-title":"Maxillary dental arch form related to voice classification: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Marunick \n MT.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marunick \n MT.\n \n \n Menaldi \n CJ.\n \n \n Maxillary dental arch form related to voice classification: a pilot study. J Voice. 2000;14:82\u201391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-4-410-b22","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"503","article-title":"Voice classification and vocal tract of singers: a study of x-ray images and morphology","volume":"125","author":"Roers \n F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roers \n F.\n \n \n M\u00fcrbe \n D.\n \n \n Sundberg \n J.\n \n \n Voice classification and vocal tract of singers: a study of x-ray images and morphology. 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