{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:44:05Z","timestamp":1783763045939,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amount of retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion who needed maximum posterior anchorage. The sample was subdivided into group 1 (n = 15, mean age = 21.4 years, en masse retraction) and group 2 (n = 15, mean age = 24.6 years, two-step retraction). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Nine skeletal and 10 anchorage variables were measured, and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Although the amount of horizontal retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth was not different between the two groups, there was mild labial movement of the root apices of the upper incisors in group 2 at T2. There were no significant differences in the degree of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth between the two groups. Bodily and mesial movements of the upper molars occurred in both groups. Approximately 4 mm of the retraction of the upper incisal edges resulted from 1 mm of anchorage loss in the upper molars in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: No significant differences existed in the degree of anchorage loss of the upper posterior teeth and the amount of retraction of the upper anterior teeth associated with en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/111706-464.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]],"date-time":"2007-05-23T23:28:21Z","timestamp":1179962901000},"page":"973-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["En Masse Retraction and Two-Step Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Adult Class I Women"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Wook","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Seok","family":"Nahm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor Emeritus, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Current trends in orthodontic patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital.","volume":"33","author":"Im","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b2","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.","volume":"75","author":"Bills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b3","first-page":"12","article-title":"The application of the principles of the edgewise arch in the treatment of malocclusions.","volume":"9","author":"Tweed","year":"1941","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-6347(45)90163-3","article-title":"A philosophy of orthodontic treatment.","volume":"31","author":"Tweed","year":"1943","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg"},{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b5","article-title":"Clinical rthodontics.","author":"Tweed"},{"key":"2020042117493704900_i0003-3219-077-06-0973-b6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Force in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement.","volume":"56","author":"Storey","year":"1952","journal-title":"Aust J 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