{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:46:59Z","timestamp":1791298019833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the association between malocclusion characteristics in the mixed dentition stage, breastfeeding, and past nonnutritive sucking habits in school-age children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 547 school children in the mixed dentition, in the age range between 7 and 13 years, were evaluated by means of questionnaire and clinical examination. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between breastfeeding and finger and pacifier sucking habits, the malocclusion characteristics of posterior crossbite, and excessive or deficient overjet and overbite.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Individuals who had nonnutritive sucking habits had 2.16 times greater chance of having anterior open bite (odds ratio [OR] 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07\u20134.33) and 2.39 times greater chance of having posterior crossbite (OR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.56\u20135.49). Children who were exclusively breastfed up to at least 6 months of age had a higher frequency of normality for overjet and overbite and the lowest posterior crossbite index. However, in adjusted analysis, breastfeeding showed no association with malocclusion characteristics in the mixed dentition stage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Breastfeeding was not associated with the presence of malocclusion in the mixed dentition, whereas past nonnutritive sucking habits were associated with the occurrence of malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/111821-848.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T11:26:47Z","timestamp":1656329207000},"page":"669-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association between malocclusion in the mixed dentition with breastfeeding and past nonnutritive sucking habits in school-age children"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Glauber S.","family":"Belitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara J. N.","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Knorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana C.","family":"Berwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago M.","family":"Ardenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilmar A.","family":"Ferrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Marquezan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b01","series-title":"Epidemiol Health","first-page":"e2019046","article-title":"The global prevalence of dental healthcare needs and unmet dental needs among 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breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Peres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peres\n KG,\n \n \n Barros\n AJD,\n \n \n Peres\n MA,\n \n \n Victoria\n CG.\n \n \n Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Saude Publica.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;41:\n\t\t\t\t\t343\u2013350."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Trist\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trist\u00e3o\n SKPC,\n \n \n Magno\n MB,\n \n \n Pintor\n AVB,\n \n et al.\n \n Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? 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malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;136(1):e60\u2013e67."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b30","series-title":"Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n \n Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneva, Switzerland:\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization;2017."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b01","series-title":"Epidemiol Health","first-page":"e2019046","article-title":"The global prevalence of dental healthcare needs and unmet dental needs among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Ghafari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghafari\n M,\n \n \n Bahadivand-Chegini\n S,\n \n \n Nadi\n T,\n \n \n Doosti-Irani\n A.\n \n \n The global prevalence of dental healthcare needs and unmet dental needs among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tEpidemiol Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;41:\n\t\t\t\t\te2019046."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"238","article-title":"The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of quantitative studies","volume":"37","author":"Dimberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimberg\n L,\n \n \n Arnrup\n K,\n \n \n Bondemark\n L.\n \n \n The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of quantitative studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;37:\n\t\t\t\t\t238\u2013247."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"54","article-title":"Relationship between breastfeeding duration and prevalence of posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition","volume":"137","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kobayashi\n HM,\n \n \n Scavone\n H,\n \n \n Ferreira\n RI,\n \n \n Garib\n DG.\n \n \n Relationship between breastfeeding duration and prevalence of posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;137:\n\t\t\t\t\t54\u201358."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b04","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"251","article-title":"Breastfeeding and oral health: evidence and methodological challenges","volume":"97","author":"Peres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peres\n KG,\n \n \n Chaffee\n BW,\n \n \n Feldens\n CA,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C,\n \n \n Moynihan\n P,\n \n \n Rugg-Gunn\n A.\n \n \n Breastfeeding and oral health: evidence and methodological challenges.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;97:\n\t\t\t\t\t251\u2013258."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b05","series-title":"Braz Dent J","first-page":"336","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for the development of anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in the primary dentition","volume":"25","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sousa\n RV,\n \n \n Ribeiro\n GLA,\n \n \n Firmino\n RT,\n \n \n Martins\n CC,\n \n \n Granville-Garcia\n AF,\n \n \n Paiva\n SM.\n \n \n Prevalence and associated factors for the development of anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in the primary dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tBraz Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;25:\n\t\t\t\t\t336\u2013342."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b06","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"733","article-title":"Lingual function in children with anterior open bite: a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Botero-Mariaca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Botero-Mariaca\n P,\n \n \n Sierra-Alzate\n V,\n \n \n Rueda\n ZV,\n \n \n Gonzalez\n D.\n \n \n Lingual function in children with anterior open bite: a case-control study.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;16:\n\t\t\t\t\t733\u2013743."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b07","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Association of breastfeeding, pacifier use, breathing pattern and malocclusions in preschoolers","volume":"18","author":"Bueno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bueno\n SB,\n \n \n Bittar\n TO,\n \n \n Vazquez F de\n L,\n \n \n Meneghim\n MC,\n \n \n Pereira\n AC.\n \n \n Association of breastfeeding, pacifier use, breathing pattern and malocclusions in preschoolers.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;18:\n\t\t\t\t\t30\u201336."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b08","series-title":"Rev Saude Publica","first-page":"343","article-title":"Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Peres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peres\n KG,\n \n \n Barros\n AJD,\n \n \n Peres\n MA,\n \n \n Victoria\n CG.\n \n \n Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Saude Publica.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;41:\n\t\t\t\t\t343\u2013350."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Trist\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trist\u00e3o\n SKPC,\n \n \n Magno\n MB,\n \n \n Pintor\n AVB,\n \n et al.\n \n Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;21:\n\t\t\t\t\t26."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b10","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"169","article-title":"Association between early weaning, non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusal anomalies in 3-year-old Finnish children","volume":"9","author":"Karjalainen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karjalainen\n S,\n \n \n R\u00f6nning\n O,\n \n \n Lapinleimu\n H,\n \n \n Simell\n O.\n \n \n Association between early weaning, non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusal anomalies in 3-year-old Finnish children.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;9:\n\t\t\t\t\t169\u2013173."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b11","series-title":"J Appl Oral Sci","first-page":"e20201005","article-title":"Association between malocclusion, tongue position and speech distortion in mixed-dentition schoolchildren: an epidemiological study","volume":"29","author":"Assaf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Assaf\n DDC,\n \n \n Knorst\n JK,\n \n \n Busanello-Stella\n AR,\n \n et al.\n \n Association between malocclusion, tongue position and speech distortion in mixed-dentition schoolchildren: an epidemiological study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Appl Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;29:\n\t\t\t\t\te20201005."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b12","series-title":"Codas","first-page":"e20200291","article-title":"Reference parameters for normality and associated factors to hard palate during mixed dentition phase","volume":"34","author":"Berwig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berwig\n LC,\n \n \n Marquezan\n M,\n \n \n Milanesi\n JM,\n \n \n Knorst\n JK,\n \n \n Ardenghi\n TM,\n \n \n Silva\n AMTD.\n \n \n Reference parameters for normality and associated factors to hard palate during mixed dentition phase.\n\t\t\t\t\tCodas.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;34:\n\t\t\t\t\te20200291."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b13","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"76","article-title":"Occlusion in the primary dentition: study of children at 2 and one-half to 3 years of age","volume":"126","author":"Foster","year":"1969","unstructured":"Foster\n TD,\n \n \n Hamilton\n MC.\n \n \n Occlusion in the primary dentition: study of children at 2 and one-half to 3 years of age.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1969;126:\n\t\t\t\t\t76\u201379."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b14","series-title":"BMC Pediatr","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen\n X,\n \n \n Xia\n B,\n \n \n Ge\n L.\n \n \n Effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;15:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u20139."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b15","series-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent","first-page":"99","article-title":"Developing Class III malocclusions: challenges and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Zere","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zere\n E,\n \n \n Chaudhari\n PK,\n \n \n Sharan\n J,\n \n \n Dhingra\n K,\n \n \n Tiwari\n N.\n \n \n Developing Class III malocclusions: challenges and solutions.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Cosmet Investig Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;10:\n\t\t\t\t\t99\u2013116."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b16","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed","author":"Proffit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Sarver\n DM.\n \n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tRio de Janeiro:\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier;2012."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b17","series-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent","first-page":"89","article-title":"Malocclusion in preschool children: prevalence and determinant factors","volume":"15","author":"Corr\u00eaa-Faria","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa-Faria\n P,\n \n \n Ramos-Jorge\n ML,\n \n \n Martins-J\u00fanior\n PA,\n \n \n Vieira-Andrade\n RG,\n \n \n Marques\n LS.\n \n \n Malocclusion in preschool children: prevalence and determinant factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Arch Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;15:\n\t\t\t\t\t89\u201396."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b18","article-title":"Nutritional and non-nutritional habits and occurrence of malocclusions in the mixed dentition. An Acad Bras Cienc.","author":"Traebert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Traebert\n E,\n \n \n Zanini\n FA,\n \n \n Nunes\n RD,\n \n \n Traebert\n J.\n \n \n Nutritional and non-nutritional habits and occurrence of malocclusions in the mixed dentition. 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finger-sucking","volume":"45","author":"Graber","year":"1959","unstructured":"Graber\n TM.\n \n \n Thumb and finger-sucking.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1959;45:\n\t\t\t\t\t258\u2013264."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b26","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alhammadi\n MS,\n \n \n Halboub\n E,\n \n \n Fayed\n MS,\n \n \n Labib\n A,\n \n \n El-Saaidi\n C.\n \n \n Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;23:\n\t\t\t\t\te1\u201310."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b27","series-title":"Rev Saude Publica","first-page":"118","article-title":"Individual and contextual factors associated with malocclusion in Brazilian children","volume":"47","author":"Brizon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brizon\n VSC,\n \n \n Cortellazzi\n KL,\n \n \n Vazquez\n FL,\n 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malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;136(1):e60\u2013e67."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-5-669-b30","series-title":"Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n \n Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneva, Switzerland:\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization;2017."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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