{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:11:15Z","timestamp":1790097075148,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the long-term changes of masseter muscle morphology in skeletal Class III patients with facial asymmetry following two-jaw orthognathic surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy + intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using computed tomography (CT), a longitudinal study was conducted on 17 skeletal Class III patients with facial asymmetry. Measurements from the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) CT images were compared from T1 (before surgery), T2 (1\u00a0year after surgery), and T3 (4\u00a0years after surgery). The maximum cross-sectional area (CSA), orientation, thickness, and width of the masseter muscle were measured on both the deviated and nondeviated sides. The control group included 17 volunteers with skeletal and dental Class I relationships without dentofacial deformities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At T1, there were no significant differences in CSA, thickness, or width of masseter muscle between the deviated and nondeviated sides. Masseter muscle orientation was significantly more vertical on the nondeviated side than on the deviated side at T1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01); no significant bilateral differences were noted at T2 and T3. At T1, masseter muscle measurements were significantly lower than controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). During T1\u2013T3, a significant increase was noted in CSA, thickness, and width (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01) of masseter muscle. At T3, no significant difference was noted between the study and control groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After surgery, the masseter muscle measurements of skeletal Class III asymmetry patients showed no significant differences compared with the control group within the 4-year follow-up period, indicating adaptation to the new skeletal environments and increased functional demand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/111911-717.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T20:04:36Z","timestamp":1330977876000},"page":"792-798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Masseter muscle changes following orthognathic surgery"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Da-Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident and graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Seog","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b01","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Relationship between the morphologies of the masseter muscle and the ramus and occlusal force in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"64","author":"Ueki, K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ueki, K., D.Takazakura, K.Marukawa, M.Shimada, K.Nakagawa, and E.Yamamoto. Relationship between the morphologies of the masseter muscle and the ramus and occlusal force in patients with mandibular prognathism.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2006. 64:1480\u20131486."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b02","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"273","article-title":"A comparison of human jaw muscle cross-sectional area and volume in long- and short-face subjects, using MRI.","volume":"53","author":"Boom, H. P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boom, H. P., P. H.van Spronsen, F. C.van Ginkel, R. A.van Schijndel, J. A.Castelijns, and D. B.Tuinzing. A comparison of human jaw muscle cross-sectional area and volume in long- and short-face subjects, using MRI.Arch Oral Biol2008. 53:273\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e305","article-title":"Masseter length determines muscle spindle reflex excitability during jaw-closing movements.","volume":"139","author":"Naser-Ud-Din, S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naser-Ud-Din, S., P. F.Sowman, W. J.Sampson, C. W.Dreyer, and K. S.Turker. Masseter length determines muscle spindle reflex excitability during jaw-closing movements.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011. 139:e305\u2013e313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"351","article-title":"Relationships between jaw muscle cross-sections and craniofacial morphology in normal adults, studied with magnetic resonance imaging.","volume":"13","author":"van Spronsen, P. H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Spronsen, P. H., W. A.Weijs, J.Valk, B.Prahl-Andersen, and F. C.van Ginkel. Relationships between jaw muscle cross-sections and craniofacial morphology in normal adults, studied with magnetic resonance imaging.Eur J Orthod1991. 13:351\u2013361."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b05","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"154","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of masticatory muscles using computed tomography.","volume":"23","author":"Xu, J. A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Xu, J. A., K.Yuasa, K.Yoshiura, and S.Kanda. Quantitative analysis of masticatory muscles using computed tomography.Dentomaxillofac Radiol1994. 23:154\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b06","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"461","article-title":"3D CT evaluation of masseter muscle morphology after setback osteotomy for mandibular prognathism.","volume":"98","author":"Katsumata, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Katsumata, A., M.Fujishita, Y.Ariji, E.Ariji, and R. P.Langlais. 3D CT evaluation of masseter muscle morphology after setback osteotomy for mandibular prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2004. 98:461\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b07","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Three-dimensional morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"29","author":"Ariji, Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ariji, Y., A.Kawamata, K.Yoshida, et al. Three-dimensional morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2000. 29:113\u2013118."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"679","article-title":"Assessment of ramus, condyle, masseter muscle, and occlusal force before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"108","author":"Ueki, K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ueki, K., K.Okabe, A.Mukozawa, et al. Assessment of ramus, condyle, masseter muscle, and occlusal force before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2009. 108:679\u2013686."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"853","article-title":"Masticatory muscle function three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.","volume":"39","author":"Trawitzki, L. V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trawitzki, L. V., R. O.Dantas, F. V.Mello-Filho, and W.MarquesJr. Masticatory muscle function three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2010. 39:853\u2013856."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b10","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"27","article-title":"Asymmetric muscle function in patients with developmental mandibular asymmetry.","volume":"35","author":"Dong, Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dong, Y., X. M.Wang, M. Q.Wang, and S. E.Widmalm. Asymmetric muscle function in patients with developmental mandibular asymmetry.J Oral Rehabil2008. 35:27\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b11","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"108","article-title":"Activity of jaw muscles in unilateral cross-bite without mandibular shift.","volume":"54","author":"Alarcon, J. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alarcon, J. A., C.Martin, J. C.Palma, and M.Menendez-Nunez. Activity of jaw muscles in unilateral cross-bite without mandibular shift.Arch Oral Biol2009. 54:108\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b12","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"417","article-title":"Activities of masticatory muscles in patients after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"37","author":"Di Palma, E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Palma, E., G.Gasparini, S.Pelo, G. M.Tartaglia, and C.Chimenti. Activities of masticatory muscles in patients after orthognathic surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2009. 37:417\u2013420. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b13","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"552","article-title":"Size and orientation of masticatory muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism.","volume":"85","author":"Goto, T. K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goto, T. K., S.Nishida, M.Yahagi, et al. Size and orientation of masticatory muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism.J Dent Res2006. 85:552\u2013556."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b14","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Relationship between the masticatory muscles and mandibular skeleton in mandibular prognathism with and without asymmetry.","volume":"65","author":"Kwon, T. G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kwon, T. G., K. H.Lee, H. S.Park, H. M.Ryoo, H. J.Kim, and S. H.Lee. Relationship between the masticatory muscles and mandibular skeleton in mandibular prognathism with and without asymmetry.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2007. 65:1538\u20131543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"607","article-title":"Ultrasonographic thickness of the masseter muscle in growing individuals with unilateral crossbite.","volume":"77","author":"Kiliaridis, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiliaridis, S., P. H.Mahboubi, M. C.Raadsheer, and C.Katsaros. Ultrasonographic thickness of the masseter muscle in growing individuals with unilateral crossbite.Angle Orthod2007. 77:607\u2013611."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b16","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"850","article-title":"Changes in bite force and occlusal contacts in patients treated for mandibular prognathism by orthognathic surgery.","volume":"56","author":"Iwase, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iwase, M., M.Sugimori, Y.Kurachi, and M.Nagumo. Changes in bite force and occlusal contacts in patients treated for mandibular prognathism by orthognathic surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1998. 56:850\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b17","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"176","article-title":"Bite forces before and after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.","volume":"54","author":"Ellis\n              III, E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ellis\n              III, E., G. S.Throckmorton, and D. P.Sinn. Bite forces before and after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996. 54:176\u2013181."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b18","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"649","article-title":"Changes in bite force and dentoskeletal morphology in prognathic patients after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"95","author":"Harada, K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harada, K., T.Kikuchi, S.Morishima, M.Sato, K.Ohkura, and K.Omura. Changes in bite force and dentoskeletal morphology in prognathic patients after orthognathic surgery.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2003. 95:649\u2013654."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.","volume":"72","author":"Haraguchi, S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haraguchi, S., K.Takada, and Y.Yasuda. Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.Angle Orthod2002. 72:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e623","article-title":"A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography.","volume":"129","author":"Park, S. H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park, S. H., H. S.Yu, K. D.Kim, K. J.Lee, and H. S.Baik. A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:e623\u2013e634."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b21","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ultrasonography, lateral cephalometry and 3D imaging of the human masseter muscle.","volume":"14","author":"Naser-ud-Din, S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naser-ud-Din, S., K.Thoirs, and W. J.Sampson. Ultrasonography, lateral cephalometry and 3D imaging of the human masseter muscle.Orthod Craniofac Res2011. 14:33\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b22","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"799","article-title":"Masseter muscle thickness three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.","volume":"56","author":"Trawitzki, L. V.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trawitzki, L. V., R. O.Dantas, J.Elias-Junior, and F. V.Mello-Filho. Masseter muscle thickness three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.Arch Oral Biol2011. 56:799\u2013803."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b23","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Improvement of maximum occlusal forces after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"54","author":"Throckmorton, G. S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Throckmorton, G. S., P. H.Buschang, and E.EllisIII. Improvement of maximum occlusal forces after orthognathic surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996. 54:1080\u20131086."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b24","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"620","article-title":"The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force.","volume":"59","author":"Throckmorton, G. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton, G. S. and E.EllisIII. The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2001. 59:620\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b01","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Relationship between the morphologies of the masseter muscle and the ramus and occlusal force in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"64","author":"Ueki, K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ueki, K., D.Takazakura, K.Marukawa, M.Shimada, K.Nakagawa, and E.Yamamoto. Relationship between the morphologies of the masseter muscle and the ramus and occlusal force in patients with mandibular prognathism.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2006. 64:1480\u20131486."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b02","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"273","article-title":"A comparison of human jaw muscle cross-sectional area and volume in long- and short-face subjects, using MRI.","volume":"53","author":"Boom, H. P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boom, H. P., P. H.van Spronsen, F. C.van Ginkel, R. A.van Schijndel, J. A.Castelijns, and D. B.Tuinzing. A comparison of human jaw muscle cross-sectional area and volume in long- and short-face subjects, using MRI.Arch Oral Biol2008. 53:273\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e305","article-title":"Masseter length determines muscle spindle reflex excitability during jaw-closing movements.","volume":"139","author":"Naser-Ud-Din, S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naser-Ud-Din, S., P. F.Sowman, W. J.Sampson, C. W.Dreyer, and K. S.Turker. Masseter length determines muscle spindle reflex excitability during jaw-closing movements.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011. 139:e305\u2013e313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"351","article-title":"Relationships between jaw muscle cross-sections and craniofacial morphology in normal adults, studied with magnetic resonance imaging.","volume":"13","author":"van Spronsen, P. H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Spronsen, P. H., W. A.Weijs, J.Valk, B.Prahl-Andersen, and F. C.van Ginkel. Relationships between jaw muscle cross-sections and craniofacial morphology in normal adults, studied with magnetic resonance imaging.Eur J Orthod1991. 13:351\u2013361."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b05","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"154","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of masticatory muscles using computed tomography.","volume":"23","author":"Xu, J. A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Xu, J. A., K.Yuasa, K.Yoshiura, and S.Kanda. Quantitative analysis of masticatory muscles using computed tomography.Dentomaxillofac Radiol1994. 23:154\u2013158."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b06","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"461","article-title":"3D CT evaluation of masseter muscle morphology after setback osteotomy for mandibular prognathism.","volume":"98","author":"Katsumata, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Katsumata, A., M.Fujishita, Y.Ariji, E.Ariji, and R. P.Langlais. 3D CT evaluation of masseter muscle morphology after setback osteotomy for mandibular prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2004. 98:461\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b07","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Three-dimensional morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"29","author":"Ariji, Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ariji, Y., A.Kawamata, K.Yoshida, et al. Three-dimensional morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2000. 29:113\u2013118."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"679","article-title":"Assessment of ramus, condyle, masseter muscle, and occlusal force before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism.","volume":"108","author":"Ueki, K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ueki, K., K.Okabe, A.Mukozawa, et al. Assessment of ramus, condyle, masseter muscle, and occlusal force before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2009. 108:679\u2013686."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"853","article-title":"Masticatory muscle function three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.","volume":"39","author":"Trawitzki, L. V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trawitzki, L. V., R. O.Dantas, F. V.Mello-Filho, and W.MarquesJr. Masticatory muscle function three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2010. 39:853\u2013856."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b10","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"27","article-title":"Asymmetric muscle function in patients with developmental mandibular asymmetry.","volume":"35","author":"Dong, Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dong, Y., X. M.Wang, M. Q.Wang, and S. E.Widmalm. Asymmetric muscle function in patients with developmental mandibular asymmetry.J Oral Rehabil2008. 35:27\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b11","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"108","article-title":"Activity of jaw muscles in unilateral cross-bite without mandibular shift.","volume":"54","author":"Alarcon, J. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alarcon, J. A., C.Martin, J. C.Palma, and M.Menendez-Nunez. Activity of jaw muscles in unilateral cross-bite without mandibular shift.Arch Oral Biol2009. 54:108\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b12","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"417","article-title":"Activities of masticatory muscles in patients after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"37","author":"Di Palma, E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Palma, E., G.Gasparini, S.Pelo, G. M.Tartaglia, and C.Chimenti. Activities of masticatory muscles in patients after orthognathic surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2009. 37:417\u2013420. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b13","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"552","article-title":"Size and orientation of masticatory muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism.","volume":"85","author":"Goto, T. K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goto, T. K., S.Nishida, M.Yahagi, et al. Size and orientation of masticatory muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism.J Dent Res2006. 85:552\u2013556."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b14","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Relationship between the masticatory muscles and mandibular skeleton in mandibular prognathism with and without asymmetry.","volume":"65","author":"Kwon, T. G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kwon, T. G., K. H.Lee, H. S.Park, H. M.Ryoo, H. J.Kim, and S. H.Lee. Relationship between the masticatory muscles and mandibular skeleton in mandibular prognathism with and without asymmetry.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2007. 65:1538\u20131543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"607","article-title":"Ultrasonographic thickness of the masseter muscle in growing individuals with unilateral crossbite.","volume":"77","author":"Kiliaridis, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiliaridis, S., P. H.Mahboubi, M. C.Raadsheer, and C.Katsaros. Ultrasonographic thickness of the masseter muscle in growing individuals with unilateral crossbite.Angle Orthod2007. 77:607\u2013611."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b16","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"850","article-title":"Changes in bite force and occlusal contacts in patients treated for mandibular prognathism by orthognathic surgery.","volume":"56","author":"Iwase, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iwase, M., M.Sugimori, Y.Kurachi, and M.Nagumo. Changes in bite force and occlusal contacts in patients treated for mandibular prognathism by orthognathic surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1998. 56:850\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b17","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"176","article-title":"Bite forces before and after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.","volume":"54","author":"Ellis\n              III, E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ellis\n              III, E., G. S.Throckmorton, and D. P.Sinn. Bite forces before and after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996. 54:176\u2013181."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b18","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"649","article-title":"Changes in bite force and dentoskeletal morphology in prognathic patients after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"95","author":"Harada, K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harada, K., T.Kikuchi, S.Morishima, M.Sato, K.Ohkura, and K.Omura. Changes in bite force and dentoskeletal morphology in prognathic patients after orthognathic surgery.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2003. 95:649\u2013654."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.","volume":"72","author":"Haraguchi, S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haraguchi, S., K.Takada, and Y.Yasuda. Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.Angle Orthod2002. 72:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e623","article-title":"A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography.","volume":"129","author":"Park, S. H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park, S. H., H. S.Yu, K. D.Kim, K. J.Lee, and H. S.Baik. A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:e623\u2013e634."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b21","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ultrasonography, lateral cephalometry and 3D imaging of the human masseter muscle.","volume":"14","author":"Naser-ud-Din, S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naser-ud-Din, S., K.Thoirs, and W. J.Sampson. Ultrasonography, lateral cephalometry and 3D imaging of the human masseter muscle.Orthod Craniofac Res2011. 14:33\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b22","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"799","article-title":"Masseter muscle thickness three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.","volume":"56","author":"Trawitzki, L. V.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trawitzki, L. V., R. O.Dantas, J.Elias-Junior, and F. V.Mello-Filho. Masseter muscle thickness three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity.Arch Oral Biol2011. 56:799\u2013803."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b23","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Improvement of maximum occlusal forces after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"54","author":"Throckmorton, G. S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Throckmorton, G. S., P. H.Buschang, and E.EllisIII. Improvement of maximum occlusal forces after orthognathic surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996. 54:1080\u20131086."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-5-792-b24","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"620","article-title":"The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force.","volume":"59","author":"Throckmorton, G. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton, G. S. and E.EllisIII. 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