{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:07:49Z","timestamp":1789016869238,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To determine the effects of extraction and the number of teeth extracted on changes in occlusal function by measuring occlusal contact area and force before and after orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Female patients treated with a fixed appliance were divided into nonextraction (n = 36), two maxillary premolar extraction (n = 31), and four premolar extraction (n = 18) groups. Bite pressure-sensitive films were used to analyze the occlusal contact area and force. Measurements were performed before treatment (Pre-Tx), immediately afterward (After-Tx), and 2 years later (2Y After-Tx). The data were analyzed using a linear mixed model and the post hoc Bonferroni test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The occlusal contact area and force after treatment decreased significantly compared with Pre-Tx values but were increased 2 years later in all groups. There were no significant differences in occlusal contact area or force during the entire observation period among the three groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). The occlusal contact area and force in the nonextraction and two maxillary premolar extraction groups recovered to Pre-Tx levels 2 years later (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). The occlusal contact area in the four premolar extraction group was significantly lower than the Pre-Tx level after 2 years of retention (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The occlusal contact area and force showed a tendency to decrease immediately after treatment and then gradually increase to pretreatment levels during the observation period. However, the occlusal contact area did not recover fully after 2 years in the four premolar extraction group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/112116-836.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T10:05:11Z","timestamp":1494324311000},"page":"703-708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Changes in occlusal function after extraction of premolars: 2-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Wookang","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soonshin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chooryung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Occlusal contact changes after the active phase of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Haydar \n B,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Haydar \n B, \n \n \n Cier \n S, \n \n \n Saat\u00e7i \n P. \n \n \n Occlusal contact changes after the active phase of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;102:22\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"407","article-title":"Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic","volume":"64","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR. \n \n \n Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:407\u2013414."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Frequency evaluation of different extraction protocols in orthodontic treatment during 35 years","volume":"15","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Maria \n FRT, \n \n \n Bombonatti \n R. \n \n \n Frequency evaluation of different extraction protocols in orthodontic treatment during 35 years. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:1."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices","volume":"97","author":"Vig \n PS,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vig \n PS, \n \n \n Orth \n D, \n \n \n Weintraub \n JA, \n \n \n Brown \n C, \n \n \n Kowalski \n CJ. \n \n \n The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:45\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"606","article-title":"Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance","volume":"139","author":"Lepley \n CR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lepley \n CR, \n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Ceen \n RF, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:606\u2013613."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b06","series-title":"J Prosthodont Res","first-page":"113","article-title":"Influence of occlusal loading force on occlusal contacts in natural dentition","volume":"59","author":"Imamura \n Y,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imamura \n Y, \n \n \n Sato \n Y, \n \n \n Kitagawa \n N, \n \n et al. \n Influence of occlusal loading force on occlusal contacts in natural dentition. J Prosthodont Res. 2015;59:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Masticatory performance and areas of occlusal contact and near contact in subjects with normal occlusion and malocclusion","volume":"121","author":"Owens \n S,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Owens \n S, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH, \n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Palmer \n L, \n \n \n English \n J. \n \n \n Masticatory performance and areas of occlusal contact and near contact in subjects with normal occlusion and malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:602\u2013609."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"595","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in nonextraction, 2 maxillary premolar extraction, and 4 premolar extraction protocols with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system","volume":"145","author":"Cansunar \n HA,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cansunar \n HA, \n \n \n Uysal \n T. \n \n \n Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in nonextraction, 2 maxillary premolar extraction, and 4 premolar extraction protocols with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:595\u2013602."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b09","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Computerized occlusal analysis: correlation with occlusal indexes to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment or the severity of malocculusion","volume":"46","author":"Lee \n S-M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee \n S-M, \n \n \n Lee \n J-W. \n \n \n Computerized occlusal analysis: correlation with occlusal indexes to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment or the severity of malocculusion. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:27\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: measured by a photocclusion technique","volume":"55","author":"Gazit \n E,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gazit \n E, \n \n \n Lieberman \n MA. \n \n \n Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: measured by a photocclusion technique. Angle Orthod. 1985;55:316\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"278","article-title":"Association between masticatory performance and maximal occlusal force in young men","volume":"30","author":"Okiyama \n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Okiyama \n S, \n \n \n Ikebe \n K, \n \n \n Nokubi \n T. \n \n \n Association between masticatory performance and maximal occlusal force in young men. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30:278\u2013282."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b12","series-title":"Dent Mater J","first-page":"212","article-title":"Bite force measurement system using pressure-sensitive sheet and silicone impression material","volume":"28","author":"Ando \n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ando \n K, \n \n \n Fuwa \n Y, \n \n \n Kurosawa \n M, \n \n \n Kondo \n T, \n \n \n Goto \n S. \n \n \n Bite force measurement system using pressure-sensitive sheet and silicone impression material. Dent Mater J. 2009;28:212\u2013218."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b13","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Influence of clenching intensity on bite force balance, occlusal contact area, and average bite pressure","volume":"78","author":"Hidaka \n O,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hidaka \n O, \n \n \n Iwasaki \n M, \n \n \n Saito \n M, \n \n \n Morimoto \n T. \n \n \n Influence of clenching intensity on bite force balance, occlusal contact area, and average bite pressure. J Dent Res. 1999;78:1336\u20131344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b14","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after orthodontic treatment","volume":"40","author":"Choi \n Y-J,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi \n Y-J, \n \n \n Chung \n CJ, \n \n \n Kim \n K-H. \n \n \n Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40:176\u2013183."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b15","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"484","article-title":"Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after active orthodontic treatment: a pilot study using pressure-sensitive sheets","volume":"29","author":"Sultana \n M,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sultana \n M, \n \n \n Yamada \n K, \n \n \n Hanada \n K. \n \n \n Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after active orthodontic treatment: a pilot study using pressure-sensitive sheets. J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29:484\u2013491."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b16","series-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on occlusal condition and masticatory function","volume":"55","author":"Makino \n E,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makino \n E, \n \n \n Nomura \n M, \n \n \n Motegi \n E, \n \n et al. \n Effect of orthodontic treatment on occlusal condition and masticatory function. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2014;55:185\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b17","series-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll","first-page":"99","article-title":"Application of \u201cprescale\u201d as an aid to clinical diagnosis in orthodontics","volume":"45","author":"Kitafusa \n Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitafusa \n Y. \n \n \n Application of \u201cprescale\u201d as an aid to clinical diagnosis in orthodontics. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2004;45:99\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b18","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"304","article-title":"Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans","volume":"40","author":"Yoon \n H-R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoon \n H-R, \n \n \n Choi \n Y-J, \n \n \n Kim \n K-H, \n \n \n Chung \n C. \n \n \n Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40:304\u2013313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b19","series-title":"J Jpn Prosthodont Soc","first-page":"966","article-title":"Evaluation of a new measuring system for occlusal force with pressure sensitive sheet","volume":"38","author":"Suzuki \n T,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Suzuki \n T, \n \n \n Watanabe \n T, \n \n \n Yoshitomi \n N, \n \n \n Ishinabe \n S, \n \n \n Kumagai \n H, \n \n \n Uchida \n T. \n \n \n Evaluation of a new measuring system for occlusal force with pressure sensitive sheet. J Jpn Prosthodont Soc. 1994;38:966\u2013973."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b20","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"906","article-title":"Occlusal contact area, occlusal pressure, bite force, and masticatory efficiency in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"26","author":"Sato \n S,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sato \n S, \n \n \n Ohta \n M, \n \n \n Sawatari \n M, \n \n \n Kawamura \n H, \n \n \n Motegi \n K. \n \n \n Occlusal contact area, occlusal pressure, bite force, and masticatory efficiency in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26:906\u2013911."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"666","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment time in 2- and 4-premolar-extraction protocols","volume":"129","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Maria \n FRT, \n \n \n Barros \n SEC, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC. \n \n \n Orthodontic treatment time in 2- and 4-premolar-extraction protocols. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:666\u2013671."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b22","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Comparison of occlusal contact areas of class I and class II molar relationships at finishing using three-dimensional digital models","volume":"45","author":"Lee \n H,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee \n H, \n \n \n Kim \n M, \n \n \n Chun \n Y-S. \n \n \n Comparison of occlusal contact areas of class I and class II molar relationships at finishing using three-dimensional digital models. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Measurement of occlusal contact area effective in mastication","volume":"35","author":"Yurkstas \n A,","year":"1949","unstructured":"Yurkstas \n A, \n \n \n Manly \n R. \n \n \n Measurement of occlusal contact area effective in mastication. Am J Orthod. 1949;35:185\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b24","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"239","article-title":"Influence of clenching level on intercuspal contact area in various regions of the dental arch","volume":"27","author":"Gurdsapsri \n W,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gurdsapsri \n W, \n \n \n Ai \n M, \n \n \n Baba \n K, \n \n \n Fueki \n K. \n \n \n Influence of clenching level on intercuspal contact area in various regions of the dental arch. J Oral Rehabil. 2000;27:239\u2013244."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: a follow-up study","volume":"59","author":"Razdolsky \n Y,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Razdolsky \n Y, \n \n \n Sadowsky \n C, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: a follow-up study. Angle Orthod. 1989;59:181\u2013185."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b26","series-title":"J Prosthodont","first-page":"193","article-title":"Digital imaging of occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position","volume":"3","author":"Sakaguchi \n RL,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sakaguchi \n RL, \n \n \n Anderson \n GC, \n \n \n DeLong \n R. \n \n \n Digital imaging of occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position. J Prosthodont. 1994;3:193\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b27","series-title":"J Korean Acad Prosthodont","first-page":"103","article-title":"Comparison of bite force with dental prescale and unilateral bite force recorder in healthy subjects","volume":"44","author":"Kwon \n HK,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kwon \n HK, \n \n \n Yoo \n JH, \n \n \n Kwon \n YS, \n \n \n Kim \n BI. \n \n \n Comparison of bite force with dental prescale and unilateral bite force recorder in healthy subjects. J Korean Acad Prosthodont. 2006;44:103\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Occlusal contact changes after the active phase of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Haydar \n B,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Haydar \n B, \n \n \n Cier \n S, \n \n \n Saat\u00e7i \n P. \n \n \n Occlusal contact changes after the active phase of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;102:22\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"407","article-title":"Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic","volume":"64","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR. \n \n \n Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:407\u2013414."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Frequency evaluation of different extraction protocols in orthodontic treatment during 35 years","volume":"15","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Maria \n FRT, \n \n \n Bombonatti \n R. \n \n \n Frequency evaluation of different extraction protocols in orthodontic treatment during 35 years. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:1."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices","volume":"97","author":"Vig \n PS,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vig \n PS, \n \n \n Orth \n D, \n \n \n Weintraub \n JA, \n \n \n Brown \n C, \n \n \n Kowalski \n CJ. \n \n \n The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:45\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"606","article-title":"Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance","volume":"139","author":"Lepley \n CR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lepley \n CR, \n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Ceen \n RF, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:606\u2013613."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b06","series-title":"J Prosthodont Res","first-page":"113","article-title":"Influence of occlusal loading force on occlusal contacts in natural dentition","volume":"59","author":"Imamura \n Y,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imamura \n Y, \n \n \n Sato \n Y, \n \n \n Kitagawa \n N, \n \n et al. \n Influence of occlusal loading force on occlusal contacts in natural dentition. J Prosthodont Res. 2015;59:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Masticatory performance and areas of occlusal contact and near contact in subjects with normal occlusion and malocclusion","volume":"121","author":"Owens \n S,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Owens \n S, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH, \n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Palmer \n L, \n \n \n English \n J. \n \n \n Masticatory performance and areas of occlusal contact and near contact in subjects with normal occlusion and malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:602\u2013609."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"595","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in nonextraction, 2 maxillary premolar extraction, and 4 premolar extraction protocols with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system","volume":"145","author":"Cansunar \n HA,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cansunar \n HA, \n \n \n Uysal \n T. \n \n \n Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in nonextraction, 2 maxillary premolar extraction, and 4 premolar extraction protocols with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:595\u2013602."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b09","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Computerized occlusal analysis: correlation with occlusal indexes to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment or the severity of malocculusion","volume":"46","author":"Lee \n S-M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee \n S-M, \n \n \n Lee \n J-W. \n \n \n Computerized occlusal analysis: correlation with occlusal indexes to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment or the severity of malocculusion. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:27\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: measured by a photocclusion technique","volume":"55","author":"Gazit \n E,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gazit \n E, \n \n \n Lieberman \n MA. \n \n \n Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: measured by a photocclusion technique. Angle Orthod. 1985;55:316\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"278","article-title":"Association between masticatory performance and maximal occlusal force in young men","volume":"30","author":"Okiyama \n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Okiyama \n S, \n \n \n Ikebe \n K, \n \n \n Nokubi \n T. \n \n \n Association between masticatory performance and maximal occlusal force in young men. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30:278\u2013282."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b12","series-title":"Dent Mater J","first-page":"212","article-title":"Bite force measurement system using pressure-sensitive sheet and silicone impression material","volume":"28","author":"Ando \n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ando \n K, \n \n \n Fuwa \n Y, \n \n \n Kurosawa \n M, \n \n \n Kondo \n T, \n \n \n Goto \n S. \n \n \n Bite force measurement system using pressure-sensitive sheet and silicone impression material. Dent Mater J. 2009;28:212\u2013218."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b13","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Influence of clenching intensity on bite force balance, occlusal contact area, and average bite pressure","volume":"78","author":"Hidaka \n O,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hidaka \n O, \n \n \n Iwasaki \n M, \n \n \n Saito \n M, \n \n \n Morimoto \n T. \n \n \n Influence of clenching intensity on bite force balance, occlusal contact area, and average bite pressure. J Dent Res. 1999;78:1336\u20131344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b14","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after orthodontic treatment","volume":"40","author":"Choi \n Y-J,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi \n Y-J, \n \n \n Chung \n CJ, \n \n \n Kim \n K-H. \n \n \n Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40:176\u2013183."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b15","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"484","article-title":"Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after active orthodontic treatment: a pilot study using pressure-sensitive sheets","volume":"29","author":"Sultana \n M,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sultana \n M, \n \n \n Yamada \n K, \n \n \n Hanada \n K. \n \n \n Changes in occlusal force and occlusal contact area after active orthodontic treatment: a pilot study using pressure-sensitive sheets. J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29:484\u2013491."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b16","series-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on occlusal condition and masticatory function","volume":"55","author":"Makino \n E,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makino \n E, \n \n \n Nomura \n M, \n \n \n Motegi \n E, \n \n et al. \n Effect of orthodontic treatment on occlusal condition and masticatory function. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2014;55:185\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b17","series-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll","first-page":"99","article-title":"Application of \u201cprescale\u201d as an aid to clinical diagnosis in orthodontics","volume":"45","author":"Kitafusa \n Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitafusa \n Y. \n \n \n Application of \u201cprescale\u201d as an aid to clinical diagnosis in orthodontics. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2004;45:99\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b18","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"304","article-title":"Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans","volume":"40","author":"Yoon \n H-R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoon \n H-R, \n \n \n Choi \n Y-J, \n \n \n Kim \n K-H, \n \n \n Chung \n C. \n \n \n Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40:304\u2013313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b19","series-title":"J Jpn Prosthodont Soc","first-page":"966","article-title":"Evaluation of a new measuring system for occlusal force with pressure sensitive sheet","volume":"38","author":"Suzuki \n T,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Suzuki \n T, \n \n \n Watanabe \n T, \n \n \n Yoshitomi \n N, \n \n \n Ishinabe \n S, \n \n \n Kumagai \n H, \n \n \n Uchida \n T. \n \n \n Evaluation of a new measuring system for occlusal force with pressure sensitive sheet. J Jpn Prosthodont Soc. 1994;38:966\u2013973."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b20","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"906","article-title":"Occlusal contact area, occlusal pressure, bite force, and masticatory efficiency in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"26","author":"Sato \n S,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sato \n S, \n \n \n Ohta \n M, \n \n \n Sawatari \n M, \n \n \n Kawamura \n H, \n \n \n Motegi \n K. \n \n \n Occlusal contact area, occlusal pressure, bite force, and masticatory efficiency in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26:906\u2013911."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"666","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment time in 2- and 4-premolar-extraction protocols","volume":"129","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Maria \n FRT, \n \n \n Barros \n SEC, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC. \n \n \n Orthodontic treatment time in 2- and 4-premolar-extraction protocols. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:666\u2013671."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b22","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Comparison of occlusal contact areas of class I and class II molar relationships at finishing using three-dimensional digital models","volume":"45","author":"Lee \n H,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee \n H, \n \n \n Kim \n M, \n \n \n Chun \n Y-S. \n \n \n Comparison of occlusal contact areas of class I and class II molar relationships at finishing using three-dimensional digital models. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Measurement of occlusal contact area effective in mastication","volume":"35","author":"Yurkstas \n A,","year":"1949","unstructured":"Yurkstas \n A, \n \n \n Manly \n R. \n \n \n Measurement of occlusal contact area effective in mastication. Am J Orthod. 1949;35:185\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b24","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"239","article-title":"Influence of clenching level on intercuspal contact area in various regions of the dental arch","volume":"27","author":"Gurdsapsri \n W,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gurdsapsri \n W, \n \n \n Ai \n M, \n \n \n Baba \n K, \n \n \n Fueki \n K. \n \n \n Influence of clenching level on intercuspal contact area in various regions of the dental arch. J Oral Rehabil. 2000;27:239\u2013244."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: a follow-up study","volume":"59","author":"Razdolsky \n Y,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Razdolsky \n Y, \n \n \n Sadowsky \n C, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment: a follow-up study. Angle Orthod. 1989;59:181\u2013185."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b26","series-title":"J Prosthodont","first-page":"193","article-title":"Digital imaging of occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position","volume":"3","author":"Sakaguchi \n RL,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sakaguchi \n RL, \n \n \n Anderson \n GC, \n \n \n DeLong \n R. \n \n \n Digital imaging of occlusal contacts in the intercuspal position. J Prosthodont. 1994;3:193\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-703-b27","series-title":"J Korean Acad Prosthodont","first-page":"103","article-title":"Comparison of bite force with dental prescale and unilateral bite force recorder in healthy subjects","volume":"44","author":"Kwon \n HK,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kwon \n HK, \n \n \n Yoo \n JH, \n \n \n Kwon \n YS, \n \n \n Kim \n BI. \n \n \n Comparison of bite force with dental prescale and unilateral bite force recorder in healthy subjects. J Korean Acad Prosthodont. 2006;44:103\u2013111."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/87\/5\/article-p703.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/87\/5\/703\/1389079\/112116-836_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/87\/5\/article-p703.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/87\/5\/article-p703.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:21:17Z","timestamp":1780068077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/87\/5\/article-p703.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/112116-836.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}