{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:13Z","timestamp":1780067113754,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate changes of the upper airway and oral cavity volumes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and to analyze the correlation between postoperative upper airway decrease and the amount of jaw movement and oral cavity volume reduction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) undergoing bimaxillary surgery were included. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper airway and oral cavity were performed using preoperative (T0) and postoperative (T1) (6 months) cone-beam computed tomography scans.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The volume, sagittal area and minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway were diminished (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). The decrease in volume and minimum cross-sectional area in the oropharyngeal region of the upper airway were weakly correlated with B-point posterior movement (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). Total oral cavity volume was decreased, with maxillary oral volume increasing and mandibular oral volume decreasing (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). Upper airway decrease was highly correlated with total oral volume reduction and mandibular oral volume reduction, with the most significant correlation being with total oral volume reduction (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Class III bimaxillary surgery reduced the volume, sagittal area, and minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway as well as oral cavity volume. Upper airway changes were weakly correlated with anterior-posterior mandibular movement but significantly correlated with oral cavity volume changes. Thus, oral cavity volume reduction is a crucial factor of upper airway decrease in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/112223-774.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T20:01:05Z","timestamp":1713729665000},"page":"432-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation between oral cavity volume and upper airway changes in skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a pilot cone-beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Gen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaolan","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics","volume":"148","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan\n P,\n \n \n Moon\n W.\n \n \n Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(1):22\u201336."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"34","article-title":"Evaluation of upper airways after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III pattern using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"21","author":"Azev\u00eado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azev\u00eado\n MS,\n \n \n Machado\n AW,\n \n \n Barbosa Ida\n S,\n \n \n Esteves\n LS,\n \n \n Rocha\n V,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n MA.\n \n \n Evaluation of upper airways after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III pattern using cone-beam computed tomography. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b03","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"848","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes five years after bimaxillary surgery - A retrospective study","volume":"50","author":"Madhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madhan\n S,\n \n \n Holte\n MB,\n \n \n Diaconu\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Pharyngeal airway changes five years after bimaxillary surgery - A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2022;50(11):848\u2013857."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b04","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"29","article-title":"Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n HS,\n \n \n Choi\n SH,\n \n \n Jung\n YS,\n \n \n Jung\n HD.\n \n \n Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;57(1):29\u201335."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b05","series-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"33","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of changes in airway space after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular setback and their association with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang\n SI,\n \n \n Ahn\n J,\n \n \n Paeng\n JY,\n \n \n Hong\n J.\n \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of changes in airway space after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular setback and their association with obstructive sleep apnea. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;40(1):33."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b06","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 023","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography volumetric airway changes after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Steegman","unstructured":"Steegman\n R,\n \n \n Hogeveen\n F,\n \n \n Schoeman\n A,\n \n \n Ren\n Y.\n \n \n Cone beam computed tomography volumetric airway changes after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 023;52(1):60\u201371."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"46","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway evaluation after isolated mandibular setback surgery using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"153","author":"Irani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irani\n SK,\n \n \n Oliver\n DR,\n \n \n Movahed\n R,\n \n \n Kim\n YI,\n \n \n Thiesen\n G,\n \n \n Kim\n KB.\n \n \n Pharyngeal airway evaluation after isolated mandibular setback surgery using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Jan 2018;153(1):46\u201353."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b08","series-title":"Saudi Dent J","first-page":"860","article-title":"Comparison of oropharyngeal airway dimensional changes in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions after orthognathic surgery and functional appliance treatment: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlQahtani\n F,\n \n \n George\n JM,\n \n \n Bishawi\n K,\n \n \n Kuriadom\n ST.\n \n \n Comparison of oropharyngeal airway dimensional changes in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions after orthognathic surgery and functional appliance treatment: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2021;33(8):860\u2013868."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients measured using cone beam computed tomography superimposition","volume":"47","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeong\n S,\n \n \n Sung\n J,\n \n \n Kim\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Shin\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n SS.\n \n \n Upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients measured using cone beam computed tomography superimposition. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(11):1405\u20131410."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b10","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol","first-page":"30","article-title":"The relationship between bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and the extent of posterior airway space in class II and III patients \u2013 A retrospective three-dimensional cohort analysis","volume":"33","author":"R\u00fcckschloss","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00fcckschloss\n T,\n \n \n Ristow\n O,\n \n \n Jung\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n The relationship between bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and the extent of posterior airway space in class II and III patients \u2013 A retrospective three-dimensional cohort analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2021;33(1):30\u201338."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"996","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes after bimaxillary surgery of skeletal Class 3 patients","volume":"34","author":"Karaaslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karaaslan\n S,\n \n \n T\u00fcz\n HH,\n \n \n El\n H,\n \n \n S\u00fcsl\u00fc\n AE,\n \n \n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\n T.\n \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes after bimaxillary surgery of skeletal Class 3 patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(3):996\u20131000."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"342","article-title":"Airway changes and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with large mandibular setback","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang\n HJ,\n \n \n Jung\n YE,\n \n \n Kwon\n IJ,\n \n \n Lee\n JY,\n \n \n Hwang\n SJ.\n \n \n Airway changes and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with large mandibular setback. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(3):342\u2013349."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b13","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"460","article-title":"Upper airway dimensions in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Christovam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christovam\n IO,\n \n \n Lisboa\n CO,\n \n \n Ferreira\n DM,\n \n \n Cury-Saramago\n AA,\n \n \n Mattos\n CT.\n \n \n Upper airway dimensions in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(4):460\u2013471."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b14","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"151","article-title":"The oral cavity and tongue: magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"155","author":"Unger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Unger\n JM.\n \n \n The oral cavity and tongue: magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology. 1985;155(1):151\u2013153."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b15","series-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res","first-page":"110","article-title":"Influence of tongue volume, oral cavity volume and their ratio on upper airway: a cone beam computed tomography study","volume":"10","author":"Rana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rana\n SS,\n \n \n Kharbanda\n OP,\n \n \n Agarwal\n B.\n \n \n Influence of tongue volume, oral cavity volume and their ratio on upper airway: a cone beam computed tomography study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(2):110\u2013117."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"3D evaluation of the morphological and volumetric changes of the tongue and oral cavity before and after orthognathic surgery for mandibular prognathism: a preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"Teramoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teramoto\n A,\n \n \n Suzuki\n S,\n \n \n Higashihori\n N,\n \n \n Ohbayashi\n N,\n \n \n Kurabayashi\n T,\n \n \n Moriyama\n K.\n \n \n 3D evaluation of the morphological and volumetric changes of the tongue and oral cavity before and after orthognathic surgery for mandibular prognathism: a preliminary study. Prog Orthod. 2020;21(1):30."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"81","article-title":"Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement","volume":"91","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajkumar\n B,\n \n \n Parameswaran\n R,\n \n \n Parameswaran\n A,\n \n \n Vijayalakshmi\n D.\n \n \n Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement. Angle Orthod. 2021;91(1):81\u201387."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b18","series-title":"Sleep Breath","first-page":"239","article-title":"The changes in oral volume and hyoid bone position after maxillomandibular advancement and genioglossus advancement for patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"27","author":"Ogisawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ogisawa\n S,\n \n \n Nishikubo\n S,\n \n \n Nakajima\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n The changes in oral volume and hyoid bone position after maxillomandibular advancement and genioglossus advancement for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2023;27(1):239\u2013244."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b19","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"9","article-title":"Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class-I, Class-II and Class-III malocclusions","volume":"22","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n T,\n \n \n Suga\n H,\n \n \n Yanagisawa-Minami\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class-I, Class-II and Class-III malocclusions. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019;22(1):9\u201315."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b20","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"602","article-title":"Reliability and validity of two software systems used to measure the pharyngeal airway space in three-dimensional analysis","volume":"49","author":"Torres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torres\n HM,\n \n \n Evangelista\n K,\n \n \n Torres\n EM,\n \n et al.\n \n Reliability and validity of two software systems used to measure the pharyngeal airway space in three-dimensional analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(5):602\u2013613."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b21","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"813768","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose","volume":"2012","author":"Lorenzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lorenzoni\n DC,\n \n \n Bolognese\n AM,\n \n \n Garib\n DG,\n \n \n Guedes\n FR,\n \n \n Sant'anna\n EF.\n \n \n Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:813768."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b22","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes after 2-jaw orthognathic surgery with segmentation in dento-skeletal Class III patients","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan\n SK,\n \n \n Tang\n ATH,\n \n \n Leung\n WK,\n \n \n Zwahlen\n RA.\n \n \n Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes after 2-jaw orthognathic surgery with segmentation in dento-skeletal Class III patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(5):1533\u20131538."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"93","article-title":"Three-dimensional study of the upper airway in different skeletal Class II malocclusion patterns","volume":"89","author":"Brito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brito\n FC,\n \n \n Brunetto\n DP,\n \n \n Nojima\n MCG.\n \n \n Three-dimensional study of the upper airway in different skeletal Class II malocclusion patterns. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(1):93\u2013101."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b24","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"450","article-title":"What are the surgical movements in orthognathic surgery that most affect the upper airways? A three-dimensional analysis","volume":"79","author":"Giralt-Hernando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giralt-Hernando\n M,\n \n \n Valls-Onta\u00f1\u00f3n\n A,\n \n \n Haas Junior\n OL,\n \n \n Masi\u00e0-Gridilla\n J,\n \n \n Hern\u00e1ndez-Alfaro\n F.\n \n \n What are the surgical movements in orthognathic surgery that most affect the upper airways? A three-dimensional analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(2):450\u2013462."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b25","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"883","article-title":"Three-dimensional alterations in pharyngeal airspace, soft palate, and hyoid bone of class II and class III patients submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"47","author":"Souza Pinto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Souza Pinto\n GN,\n \n \n Iwaki Filho\n L,\n \n \n Previdelli\n I,\n \n et al.\n \n Three-dimensional alterations in pharyngeal airspace, soft palate, and hyoid bone of class II and class III patients submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(6):883\u2013894."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics","volume":"148","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan\n P,\n \n \n Moon\n W.\n \n \n Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(1):22\u201336."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"34","article-title":"Evaluation of upper airways after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III pattern using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"21","author":"Azev\u00eado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azev\u00eado\n MS,\n \n \n Machado\n AW,\n \n \n Barbosa Ida\n S,\n \n \n Esteves\n LS,\n \n \n Rocha\n V,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n MA.\n \n \n Evaluation of upper airways after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III pattern using cone-beam computed tomography. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b03","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"848","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes five years after bimaxillary surgery - A retrospective study","volume":"50","author":"Madhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madhan\n S,\n \n \n Holte\n MB,\n \n \n Diaconu\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Pharyngeal airway changes five years after bimaxillary surgery - A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2022;50(11):848\u2013857."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b04","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"29","article-title":"Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n HS,\n \n \n Choi\n SH,\n \n \n Jung\n YS,\n \n \n Jung\n HD.\n \n \n Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;57(1):29\u201335."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b05","series-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"33","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of changes in airway space after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular setback and their association with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang\n SI,\n \n \n Ahn\n J,\n \n \n Paeng\n JY,\n \n \n Hong\n J.\n \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of changes in airway space after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular setback and their association with obstructive sleep apnea. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;40(1):33."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b06","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 023","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography volumetric airway changes after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Steegman","unstructured":"Steegman\n R,\n \n \n Hogeveen\n F,\n \n \n Schoeman\n A,\n \n \n Ren\n Y.\n \n \n Cone beam computed tomography volumetric airway changes after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 023;52(1):60\u201371."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"46","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway evaluation after isolated mandibular setback surgery using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"153","author":"Irani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irani\n SK,\n \n \n Oliver\n DR,\n \n \n Movahed\n R,\n \n \n Kim\n YI,\n \n \n Thiesen\n G,\n \n \n Kim\n KB.\n \n \n Pharyngeal airway evaluation after isolated mandibular setback surgery using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Jan 2018;153(1):46\u201353."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b08","series-title":"Saudi Dent J","first-page":"860","article-title":"Comparison of oropharyngeal airway dimensional changes in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions after orthognathic surgery and functional appliance treatment: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlQahtani\n F,\n \n \n George\n JM,\n \n \n Bishawi\n K,\n \n \n Kuriadom\n ST.\n \n \n Comparison of oropharyngeal airway dimensional changes in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions after orthognathic surgery and functional appliance treatment: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2021;33(8):860\u2013868."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients measured using cone beam computed tomography superimposition","volume":"47","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeong\n S,\n \n \n Sung\n J,\n \n \n Kim\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Shin\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n SS.\n \n \n Upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients measured using cone beam computed tomography superimposition. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(11):1405\u20131410."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b10","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol","first-page":"30","article-title":"The relationship between bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and the extent of posterior airway space in class II and III patients \u2013 A retrospective three-dimensional cohort analysis","volume":"33","author":"R\u00fcckschloss","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00fcckschloss\n T,\n \n \n Ristow\n O,\n \n \n Jung\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n The relationship between bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and the extent of posterior airway space in class II and III patients \u2013 A retrospective three-dimensional cohort analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2021;33(1):30\u201338."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"996","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes after bimaxillary surgery of skeletal Class 3 patients","volume":"34","author":"Karaaslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karaaslan\n S,\n \n \n T\u00fcz\n HH,\n \n \n El\n H,\n \n \n S\u00fcsl\u00fc\n AE,\n \n \n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\n T.\n \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes after bimaxillary surgery of skeletal Class 3 patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(3):996\u20131000."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"342","article-title":"Airway changes and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with large mandibular setback","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang\n HJ,\n \n \n Jung\n YE,\n \n \n Kwon\n IJ,\n \n \n Lee\n JY,\n \n \n Hwang\n SJ.\n \n \n Airway changes and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with large mandibular setback. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(3):342\u2013349."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b13","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"460","article-title":"Upper airway dimensions in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Christovam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christovam\n IO,\n \n \n Lisboa\n CO,\n \n \n Ferreira\n DM,\n \n \n Cury-Saramago\n AA,\n \n \n Mattos\n CT.\n \n \n Upper airway dimensions in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(4):460\u2013471."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b14","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"151","article-title":"The oral cavity and tongue: magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"155","author":"Unger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Unger\n JM.\n \n \n The oral cavity and tongue: magnetic resonance imaging. 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J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(2):110\u2013117."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"3D evaluation of the morphological and volumetric changes of the tongue and oral cavity before and after orthognathic surgery for mandibular prognathism: a preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"Teramoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teramoto\n A,\n \n \n Suzuki\n S,\n \n \n Higashihori\n N,\n \n \n Ohbayashi\n N,\n \n \n Kurabayashi\n T,\n \n \n Moriyama\n K.\n \n \n 3D evaluation of the morphological and volumetric changes of the tongue and oral cavity before and after orthognathic surgery for mandibular prognathism: a preliminary study. 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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(5):602\u2013613."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-4-432-b21","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"813768","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose","volume":"2012","author":"Lorenzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lorenzoni\n DC,\n \n \n Bolognese\n AM,\n \n \n Garib\n DG,\n \n \n Guedes\n FR,\n \n \n Sant'anna\n EF.\n \n \n Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose. 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A three-dimensional analysis","volume":"79","author":"Giralt-Hernando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giralt-Hernando\n M,\n \n \n Valls-Onta\u00f1\u00f3n\n A,\n \n \n Haas Junior\n OL,\n \n \n Masi\u00e0-Gridilla\n J,\n \n \n Hern\u00e1ndez-Alfaro\n F.\n \n \n What are the surgical movements in orthognathic surgery that most affect the upper airways? A three-dimensional analysis. 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