{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:32:57Z","timestamp":1780482777137,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the association between corticision and different force magnitudes with the amount of root resorption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four male Wistar rats (7\u00a0week old) were evaluated after an orthodontic spring delivering either 10 or 100\u00a0g was placed on the left maxillary first molars to move molars mesially. Experimental rats were divided into four groups, with 11 animals in each group: (1) LF, no corticision and 10\u00a0g of orthodontic force; (2) LFC, corticision and 10\u00a0g of force; (3) HF, no corticision and 100\u00a0g of force; and (4) HFC, corticision and 100\u00a0g of force. Contralateral sides were used as unloaded controls. The total duration of the experimental period was 14\u00a0days. Two-dimensional (histomorphometric) and three-dimensional (volumetric, micro-focus X-ray computed tomography [microCT]) analysis of root craters were performed on maxillary first molars.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Histomorphometric and microCT analysis revealed a significant amount of resorptive areas in the experimental groups when compared to unloaded controls. However, no significant difference was detected in the amount of resorption among the four experimental groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n At day 14, neither the amount of force nor the cortical incision caused significant effect on root resorption that was registered by histomorphometric or microCT analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/112514-843.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T15:00:25Z","timestamp":1427900425000},"page":"17-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of corticision on root resorption with heavy and light forces"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Avon, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zana","family":"Kalajzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taranpreet","family":"Chandhoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achint","family":"Utreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"467","article-title":"Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones","volume":"15","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:467\u2013480."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Weltman\n B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman\n B, \n \n Vig\n KW, \n \n Fields\n HW, \n \n Shanker\n S, \n \n Kaizar\n EE. \n \n Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:462\u2013476; discussion 12A."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"231","article-title":"A study of root resorption in treated Class II, Division I malocclusions","volume":"39","author":"DeShields\n RW.","year":"1969","unstructured":"DeShields\n RW. \n \n A study of root resorption in treated Class II, Division I malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 1969;39:231\u2013245."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"55","article-title":"Root resorption during Begg treatment; a longitudinal roentgenologic study","volume":"68","author":"Goldson\n L,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goldson\n L, \n \n Henrikson\n CO. \n \n Root resorption during Begg treatment; a longitudinal roentgenologic study. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:55\u201366."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales\n C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzales\n C, \n \n Hotokezaka\n H, \n \n Yoshimatsu\n M, \n \n Yozgatian\n JH, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Yoshida\n N. \n \n Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:502\u2013509."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"186","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 5. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of light and heavy orthodontic forces","volume":"127","author":"Chan\n E,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan\n E, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 5. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of light and heavy orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127:186\u2013195."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"218","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed-tomography study","volume":"133","author":"Barbagallo\n LJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barbagallo\n LJ, \n \n Jones\n AS, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed-tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:218\u2013227."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"449","article-title":"Tooth movement characteristics in relation to root resorption in young and adult rats","volume":"115","author":"Ren\n Y,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ren\n Y, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Tooth movement characteristics in relation to root resorption in young and adult rats. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007;115:449\u2013453."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"93","article-title":"Age-dependent external root resorption during tooth movement in rats","volume":"66","author":"Ren\n Y,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ren\n Y, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n Liem\n RS, \n \n Stokroos\n I, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Age-dependent external root resorption during tooth movement in rats. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008;66:93\u201398."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"418","article-title":"Periapical lesions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Kohsaka\n T,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kohsaka\n T, \n \n Kumazawa\n M, \n \n Yamasaki\n M, \n \n Nakamura\n H. \n \n Periapical lesions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 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J Dent Res. 1982;61:775\u2013779."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"79","article-title":"Root resorption and its association with alterations in physical properties, mineral contents and resorption craters in human premolars following application of light and heavy controlled orthodontic forces","volume":"7","author":"Darendeliler\n MA,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Kharbanda\n OP, \n \n Chan\n EK, \n et al. \n Root resorption and its association with alterations in physical properties, mineral contents and resorption craters in human premolars following application of light and heavy controlled orthodontic forces. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7:79\u201397."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"325","article-title":"A histologic and cephalometric investigation of premolar intrusion in the Macaca speciosa monkey","volume":"53","author":"Dellinger\n EL.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dellinger\n EL. \n \n A histologic and cephalometric investigation of premolar intrusion in the Macaca speciosa monkey. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:325\u2013355."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Swed Dent J Suppl","first-page":"1","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption with special reference to force magnitude and duration. A clinical and histological investigation in adolescents","volume":"105","author":"Owman-Moll\n P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Owman-Moll\n P. \n \n Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption with special reference to force magnitude and duration. A clinical and histological investigation in adolescents. Swed Dent J Suppl. 1995;105:1\u201345."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"359","article-title":"Bone turnover rate in rats does not influence root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Verna\n C,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verna\n C, \n \n Dalstra\n M, \n \n Melsen\n B. \n \n Bone turnover rate in rats does not influence root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25:359\u2013363."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"424","article-title":"Root resorption and tooth movement in orthodontically treated, calcium-deficient, and lactating rats","volume":"85","author":"Goldie\n RS,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goldie\n RS, \n \n King\n GJ. \n \n Root resorption and tooth movement in orthodontically treated, calcium-deficient, and lactating rats. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:615\u2013623."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Hyalinization during orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review on tissue reactions","volume":"31","author":"von Bohl\n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Bohl\n M, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Hyalinization during orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review on tissue reactions. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:30\u201336."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"681","article-title":"Root resorption after experimental tooth movement using superelastic forces in the rat","volume":"32","author":"Noda\n K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noda\n K, \n \n Arai\n C, \n \n Nakamura\n Y. \n \n Root resorption after experimental tooth movement using superelastic forces in the rat. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:681\u2013687."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll\n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll\n P, \n \n Kurol\n J, \n \n Lundgren\n D. \n \n The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:287\u2013294."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e279","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 16. Comparisons of root resorption and resorption craters after the application of light and heavy continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 4, 8, and 12\u00a0weeks","volume":"139","author":"Paetyangkul\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paetyangkul\n A, \n \n Turk\n T, \n \n Elekdag-Turk\n S, \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 16. Comparisons of root resorption and resorption craters after the application of light and heavy continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 4, 8, and 12\u00a0weeks. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:e279\u2013284."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"284","article-title":"Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"79","author":"Kim\n SJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim\n SJ, \n \n Park\n YG, \n \n Kang\n SG. \n \n Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:284\u2013291."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"448.e1","article-title":"Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar corticotomy in the dog","volume":"131","author":"Iino\n S,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iino\n S, \n \n Sakoda\n S, \n \n Ito\n G, \n \n Nishimori\n T, \n \n Ikeda\n T, \n \n Miyawaki\n S. \n \n Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar corticotomy in the dog. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:448.e1\u20138."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"467","article-title":"Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones","volume":"15","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones. 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A microcomputed-tomography study","volume":"133","author":"Barbagallo\n LJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barbagallo\n LJ, \n \n Jones\n AS, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed-tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:218\u2013227."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"449","article-title":"Tooth movement characteristics in relation to root resorption in young and adult rats","volume":"115","author":"Ren\n Y,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ren\n Y, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Tooth movement characteristics in relation to root resorption in young and adult rats. 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