{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:06:45Z","timestamp":1790194005440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Marfan syndrome is a heritable disorder of connective tissue that can affect the heart, blood vessels, lungs, eyes, bones, and ligaments. It is characterized by tall stature, elongated extremities, scoliosis, and a protruded or caved-in breastbone. Patients typically have a long, narrow face. A high-arched palate produced by a narrow maxilla and skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathia are other common features. For a patient with no family history of the disorder, at least three body systems must be affected before a diagnosis can be made. Individuals affected by the syndrome routinely seek orthodontic treatment to correct the orofacial manifestations. In this report, the authors present the records of three patients with Marfan syndrome who were treated at a dental school. Two patients had severe periodontal disease in the absence of significant contributing local factors. The presentation of systemic symptoms and typical physical characteristics varied. The syndrome thus went unnoticed in one patient for many years. We discuss here the observed intraoral findings and the progress of orthodontic treatment to provide a brief overview of the challenges involved in treating such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/112707-558.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T19:35:06Z","timestamp":1222284906000},"page":"394-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Marfan Syndrome\u2014An Orthodontic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Achint","family":"Utreja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Graduate (MS) Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Ill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Ill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b1","series-title":"Heart","first-page":"755","article-title":"Marfan syndrome: an update of genetics, medical and surgical management.","volume":"93","author":"von Kodolitsch, Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Kodolitsch, Y. and P. N.Robinson. Marfan syndrome: an update of genetics, medical and surgical management.Heart2007. 93:755\u2013760."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b2","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"356","article-title":"Genetic craniofacial aberrations.","volume":"56","author":"Pirinen, S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pirinen, S.\n          \n          Genetic craniofacial aberrations.\n          Acta Odontol Scand\n          1998. 56:356\u2013359."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b3","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"989","article-title":"Imaging of Marfan syndrome: multisystemic manifestations.","volume":"27","author":"Ha, H. I.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ha, H. I., J. B.Seo, and S. H.Lee. et al. Imaging of Marfan syndrome: multisystemic manifestations.Radiographics2007. 27:989\u20131004."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1965","article-title":"Marfan's syndrome.","volume":"366","author":"Judge, D. P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Judge, D. P. and H. C.Dietz. Marfan's syndrome.Lancet2005. 366:1965\u20131976."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b5","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"279","article-title":"The defect in Marfan syndrome.","volume":"352","author":"McKusick, V. A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"McKusick, V. A.\n          \n          The defect in Marfan syndrome.\n          Nature\n          1991. 352:279\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b6","series-title":"Eur J Hum Genet","first-page":"34","article-title":"Two novel and one known mutation of the TGFBR2 gene in Marfan syndrome not associated with FBN1 gene defects.","volume":"14","author":"Disabella, E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Disabella, E., M.Grasso, and N.Marziliano. et al. Two novel and one known mutation of the TGFBR2 gene in Marfan syndrome not associated with FBN1 gene defects.Eur J Hum Genet2006. 14:34\u201338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b7","series-title":"AORN J","first-page":"452","article-title":"Marfan's syndrome: a personal perspective.","volume":"43","author":"Goodman, T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goodman, T.\n          \n          Marfan's syndrome: a personal perspective.\n          AORN J\n          1986. 43:452\u2013455."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b8","series-title":"Minerva Stomatol","first-page":"457","article-title":"Skeletal and occlusal alterations in the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome.","volume":"52","author":"Incisivo, V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Incisivo, V. and A.Silvestri. 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Oral manifestations of patients with Marfan syndrome: a case-control study.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2002. 93:564\u2013572."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b11","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"120","article-title":"Marfan syndrome: dental problems and management.","volume":"15","author":"Crosher, R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Crosher, R. and A.Holmes. Marfan syndrome: dental problems and management.Dent Update1988. 15:120\u2013122."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b12","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"535","article-title":"Orofacial manifestations of congenital fibrillin deficiency: pathogenesis and clinical diagnostics.","volume":"26","author":"De Coster, P. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Coster, P. J., L. C.Martens, and A.De Paepe. Orofacial manifestations of congenital fibrillin deficiency: pathogenesis and clinical diagnostics.Pediatr Dent2004. 26:535\u2013537."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b13","series-title":"Swed Dent J","first-page":"141","article-title":"Palatal dimensions and some inherited factors (body height and metacarpal index).","volume":"20","author":"Westling, L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Westling, L. and B.Mohlin. Palatal dimensions and some inherited factors (body height and metacarpal index).Swed Dent J1996. 20:141\u2013149."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b14","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"E211","article-title":"Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders.","volume":"12","author":"Nualart Grollmus, Z. C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nualart Grollmus, Z. C., M. C.Morales Chavez, and F. J.Silvestre Donat. Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders.Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal2007. 12:E211\u2013E215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b15","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"823","article-title":"Severe periodontitis in Marfan's syndrome: a case report.","volume":"73","author":"Straub, A. M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Straub, A. M., R.Grahame, C.Scully, and M. S.Tonetti. Severe periodontitis in Marfan's syndrome: a case report.J Periodontol2002. 73:823\u2013826."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0394-b16","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","first-page":"410","article-title":"Influence of maxillary morphology on nasal airway resistance in Marfan's syndrome.","volume":"120","author":"Cistulli, P. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cistulli, P. A. and C. E.Sullivan. 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