{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:33:04Z","timestamp":1790411584419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the reliability of three-dimensional (3D) landmark identification in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using two different visualization techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve CBCT images were randomly selected. Three observers independently repeated three times the identification of 30 landmarks using 3D reconstructions and 28 landmarks using multiplanar views. The values of the coordinates X, Y, and Z of each point were obtained and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ICC of the 3D visualization was rated &gt;0.90 in 67.76% and 45.56%, and \u22640.45 in 13.33% and 14.46% of the intraobserver and interobserver assessments, respectively. The ICC of the multiplanar visualization was rated &gt;0.90 in 82.16% and 78.56% and \u22640.45 in only 16.7% and 8.33% of the intraobserver and interobserver assessments, respectively. An individual landmark classification was done according to ICC values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of highly reliable values was greater for multiplanar than 3D reconstructions. Overall, lower reliability was found for points on the condyle and higher reliability for those on the midsagittal plane. Depending on the anatomic region, the observer must choose the most reliable type of image visualization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/120413-891.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T08:13:29Z","timestamp":1397031209000},"page":"11-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evaluation of cephalometric landmark identification on CBCT multiplanar and 3D reconstructions"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Marcelo Bai\u00e3o","family":"da Neiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro Cavalheiro","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthia","family":"de Oliveira Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo","family":"de Vasconcellos Vilella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Trindade","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans","volume":"81","author":"Gribel\n              BF,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gribel\n              BF, \n            \n              Gribel\n              MN, \n            \n              Fraz\u00e4o\n              DC, \n            et al. \n          Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:26\u201335."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b02","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"255","article-title":"Assessment of the reliability and repeatability of landmarks using 3-D cephalometric software","volume":"30","author":"Frongia\n              G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frongia\n              G, \n            \n              Piancino\n              MG, \n            \n              Bracco\n              AA, \n            et al. \n          Assessment of the reliability and repeatability of landmarks using 3-D cephalometric software. Cranio. 2012;30:255\u2013263."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"38","article-title":"Precision of identifying cephalometric landmarks with cone beam computed tomography in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Hassan\n              B,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassan\n              B, \n            \n              Nijkamp\n              P, \n            \n              Verheij\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Precision of identifying cephalometric landmarks with cone beam computed tomography in vivo. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:38\u201344."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Accuracy of linear measurements from imaging plate and lateral cephalometric images derived from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"132","author":"Moshiri\n              M,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moshiri\n              M, \n            \n              Scarfe\n              WC, \n            \n              Hilgers\n              ML, \n            \n              Scheetz\n              JP, \n            \n              Silveira\n              AM, \n            \n              Farman\n              AG. \n          \n          Accuracy of linear measurements from imaging plate and lateral cephalometric images derived from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:550\u2013560."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b05","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1558","article-title":"A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results","volume":"8","author":"Mozzo\n              P,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mozzo\n              P, \n            \n              Procacci\n              C, \n            \n              Tacconi\n              A, \n            \n              Martini\n              PT, \n            \n              Andreis\n              IA. \n          \n          A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results. Eur Radiol. 1998;8:1558\u20131564."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b06","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"2D\/3D Cone-beam CT images or conventional radiography: Which is more reliable","volume":"15","author":"Couceiro\n              CP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Couceiro\n              CP, \n            \n              Vilella\n              OV. \n          \n          2D\/3D Cone-beam CT images or conventional radiography: Which is more reliable? Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15:72\u201379."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b07","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"256","article-title":"Observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on cone-beam computerized tomography","volume":"107","author":"De Oliveira\n              AEF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Oliveira\n              AEF, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              LHS, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C, \n            \n              Motta\n              A, \n            \n              Burke\n              B, \n            \n              Tyndall\n              D. \n          \n          Observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:256\u2013265."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"263","article-title":"Consistency and precision of landmark identification in three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography scans","volume":"34","author":"Schlicher\n              W,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlicher\n              W, \n            \n              Nielsen\n              Ib, \n            \n              Huang\n              JC, \n            et al. \n          Consistency and precision of landmark identification in three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography scans. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:263\u2013275."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"49","article-title":"The effect of image quality on the identification of cephalometric landmarks","volume":"48","author":"McWilliam\n              JS,","year":"1978","unstructured":"McWilliam\n              JS, \n            \n              Welander\n              U. \n          \n          The effect of image quality on the identification of cephalometric landmarks. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:49\u201356."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position","volume":"31","author":"Hassan\n              B,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hassan\n              B, \n            \n              Van der Stelt\n              P, \n            \n              Sanderink\n              G. \n          \n          Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:129\u2013134."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"598","article-title":"Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities of landmark identification on digitized lateral cephalograms and formatted 3-dimensional cone-beam computerized tomography images","volume":"137","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO, \n            \n              Low\n              C, \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C, \n            et al. \n          Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities of landmark identification on digitized lateral cephalograms and formatted 3-dimensional cone-beam computerized tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:598\u2013604."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b12","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"678","article-title":"A study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks when undertaking a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis","volume":"117","author":"Zamora\n              N,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zamora\n              N, \n            \n              Llamas\n              JM, \n            \n              Cibri\u00e1n\n              R, \n            \n              Gandia\n              JL, \n            \n              Paredes\n              V. \n          \n          A study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks when undertaking a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;117:678\u2013688."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"261","article-title":"Accuracy of anatomical landmark identification using different CBCT- and MSCT-based 3D images. An in vitro study [in English, German]","volume":"72","author":"Medelnik\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Medelnik\n              J, \n            \n              Hertrich\n              K, \n            \n              Steinh\u00e4user-Andresen\n              S, \n            \n              Hirschfelder\n              U, \n            \n              Hofmann\n              E. \n          \n          Accuracy of anatomical landmark identification using different CBCT- and MSCT-based 3D images. An in vitro study [in English, German]. J Orofac Orthop. 2011;72:261\u2013278."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind\n              S,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind\n              S, \n            \n              Frantz\n              R. \n          \n          The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:111\u2013127."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b15","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"262","article-title":"Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo","volume":"38","author":"Chien\n              PC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chien\n              PC, \n            \n              Parks\n              ET, \n            \n              Eraso\n              F, \n            \n              Hartsfield\n              JK\n              Jr, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE, \n            \n              Ofner\n              S. \n          \n          Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38:262\u2013273."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"600.e23","article-title":"A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"129","author":"Park\n              SH,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park\n              SH, \n            \n              Yu\n              HS, \n            \n              Kim\n              KD, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Baike\n              HS. \n          \n          A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:600.e23\u2013600.e34."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b17","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"214","article-title":"Reproducibility of osseous landmarks used for computed tomography based three-dimensional cephalometric analyses","volume":"38","author":"Olszewski\n              R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olszewski\n              R, \n            \n              Tanesy\n              O, \n            \n              Cosnard\n              G, \n            \n              Zech\n              F, \n            \n              Reychler\n              H. \n          \n          Reproducibility of osseous landmarks used for computed tomography based three-dimensional cephalometric analyses. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2010;38:214\u2013221."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"312.e1","article-title":"Precision of cephalometric landmark identification: cone-beam computed tomography vs conventional cephalometric views","volume":"136","author":"Ludlow\n              JB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ludlow\n              JB, \n            \n              Gubler\n              M, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              L, \n            \n              Mold\n              A. \n          \n          Precision of cephalometric landmark identification: cone-beam computed tomography vs conventional cephalometric views. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:312.e1\u2013312.e10."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Condyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: a morphometric tomographic study","volume":"128","author":"Katsavrias\n              EG,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katsavrias\n              EG, \n            \n              Halazonetis\n              DJ. \n          \n          Condyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: a morphometric tomographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:337\u2013346."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b20","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Three-dimensional regional displacements after mandibular advancement surgery: one year of follow-up","volume":"69","author":"Motta\n              AT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Motta\n              AT, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              LH, \n            \n              Carvalho\n              FA, \n            \n              Almeida\n              MA, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C. \n          \n          Three-dimensional regional displacements after mandibular advancement surgery: one year of follow-up. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:1447\u20131457."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans","volume":"81","author":"Gribel\n              BF,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gribel\n              BF, \n            \n              Gribel\n              MN, \n            \n              Fraz\u00e4o\n              DC, \n            et al. \n          Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:26\u201335."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b02","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"255","article-title":"Assessment of the reliability and repeatability of landmarks using 3-D cephalometric software","volume":"30","author":"Frongia\n              G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frongia\n              G, \n            \n              Piancino\n              MG, \n            \n              Bracco\n              AA, \n            et al. \n          Assessment of the reliability and repeatability of landmarks using 3-D cephalometric software. Cranio. 2012;30:255\u2013263."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"38","article-title":"Precision of identifying cephalometric landmarks with cone beam computed tomography in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Hassan\n              B,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassan\n              B, \n            \n              Nijkamp\n              P, \n            \n              Verheij\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Precision of identifying cephalometric landmarks with cone beam computed tomography in vivo. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:38\u201344."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Accuracy of linear measurements from imaging plate and lateral cephalometric images derived from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"132","author":"Moshiri\n              M,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moshiri\n              M, \n            \n              Scarfe\n              WC, \n            \n              Hilgers\n              ML, \n            \n              Scheetz\n              JP, \n            \n              Silveira\n              AM, \n            \n              Farman\n              AG. \n          \n          Accuracy of linear measurements from imaging plate and lateral cephalometric images derived from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:550\u2013560."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b05","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1558","article-title":"A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results","volume":"8","author":"Mozzo\n              P,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mozzo\n              P, \n            \n              Procacci\n              C, \n            \n              Tacconi\n              A, \n            \n              Martini\n              PT, \n            \n              Andreis\n              IA. \n          \n          A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results. Eur Radiol. 1998;8:1558\u20131564."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b06","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"2D\/3D Cone-beam CT images or conventional radiography: Which is more reliable","volume":"15","author":"Couceiro\n              CP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Couceiro\n              CP, \n            \n              Vilella\n              OV. \n          \n          2D\/3D Cone-beam CT images or conventional radiography: Which is more reliable? Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15:72\u201379."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b07","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"256","article-title":"Observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on cone-beam computerized tomography","volume":"107","author":"De Oliveira\n              AEF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Oliveira\n              AEF, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              LHS, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C, \n            \n              Motta\n              A, \n            \n              Burke\n              B, \n            \n              Tyndall\n              D. \n          \n          Observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:256\u2013265."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"263","article-title":"Consistency and precision of landmark identification in three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography scans","volume":"34","author":"Schlicher\n              W,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlicher\n              W, \n            \n              Nielsen\n              Ib, \n            \n              Huang\n              JC, \n            et al. \n          Consistency and precision of landmark identification in three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography scans. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:263\u2013275."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"49","article-title":"The effect of image quality on the identification of cephalometric landmarks","volume":"48","author":"McWilliam\n              JS,","year":"1978","unstructured":"McWilliam\n              JS, \n            \n              Welander\n              U. \n          \n          The effect of image quality on the identification of cephalometric landmarks. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:49\u201356."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position","volume":"31","author":"Hassan\n              B,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hassan\n              B, \n            \n              Van der Stelt\n              P, \n            \n              Sanderink\n              G. \n          \n          Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:129\u2013134."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"598","article-title":"Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities of landmark identification on digitized lateral cephalograms and formatted 3-dimensional cone-beam computerized tomography images","volume":"137","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO, \n            \n              Low\n              C, \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C, \n            et al. \n          Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities of landmark identification on digitized lateral cephalograms and formatted 3-dimensional cone-beam computerized tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:598\u2013604."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b12","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"678","article-title":"A study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks when undertaking a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis","volume":"117","author":"Zamora\n              N,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zamora\n              N, \n            \n              Llamas\n              JM, \n            \n              Cibri\u00e1n\n              R, \n            \n              Gandia\n              JL, \n            \n              Paredes\n              V. \n          \n          A study on the reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks when undertaking a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;117:678\u2013688."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"261","article-title":"Accuracy of anatomical landmark identification using different CBCT- and MSCT-based 3D images. An in vitro study [in English, German]","volume":"72","author":"Medelnik\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Medelnik\n              J, \n            \n              Hertrich\n              K, \n            \n              Steinh\u00e4user-Andresen\n              S, \n            \n              Hirschfelder\n              U, \n            \n              Hofmann\n              E. \n          \n          Accuracy of anatomical landmark identification using different CBCT- and MSCT-based 3D images. An in vitro study [in English, German]. J Orofac Orthop. 2011;72:261\u2013278."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind\n              S,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind\n              S, \n            \n              Frantz\n              R. \n          \n          The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:111\u2013127."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b15","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"262","article-title":"Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo","volume":"38","author":"Chien\n              PC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chien\n              PC, \n            \n              Parks\n              ET, \n            \n              Eraso\n              F, \n            \n              Hartsfield\n              JK\n              Jr, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE, \n            \n              Ofner\n              S. \n          \n          Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38:262\u2013273."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"600.e23","article-title":"A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"129","author":"Park\n              SH,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park\n              SH, \n            \n              Yu\n              HS, \n            \n              Kim\n              KD, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Baike\n              HS. \n          \n          A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:600.e23\u2013600.e34."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b17","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"214","article-title":"Reproducibility of osseous landmarks used for computed tomography based three-dimensional cephalometric analyses","volume":"38","author":"Olszewski\n              R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olszewski\n              R, \n            \n              Tanesy\n              O, \n            \n              Cosnard\n              G, \n            \n              Zech\n              F, \n            \n              Reychler\n              H. \n          \n          Reproducibility of osseous landmarks used for computed tomography based three-dimensional cephalometric analyses. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2010;38:214\u2013221."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"312.e1","article-title":"Precision of cephalometric landmark identification: cone-beam computed tomography vs conventional cephalometric views","volume":"136","author":"Ludlow\n              JB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ludlow\n              JB, \n            \n              Gubler\n              M, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              L, \n            \n              Mold\n              A. \n          \n          Precision of cephalometric landmark identification: cone-beam computed tomography vs conventional cephalometric views. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:312.e1\u2013312.e10."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Condyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: a morphometric tomographic study","volume":"128","author":"Katsavrias\n              EG,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katsavrias\n              EG, \n            \n              Halazonetis\n              DJ. \n          \n          Condyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: a morphometric tomographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:337\u2013346."},{"key":"angl-86-03-19-b20","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Three-dimensional regional displacements after mandibular advancement surgery: one year of follow-up","volume":"69","author":"Motta\n              AT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Motta\n              AT, \n            \n              Cevidanes\n              LH, \n            \n              Carvalho\n              FA, \n            \n              Almeida\n              MA, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C. \n          \n          Three-dimensional regional displacements after mandibular advancement surgery: one year of follow-up. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:1447\u20131457."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:41Z","timestamp":1780067201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p11.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/120413-891.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}