{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1783475288365,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To develop a prediction algorithm for soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery that would result in accurate predictions (1) regardless of types or complexity of operations and (2) with a minimum number of input variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The subjects consisted of 318 patients who had undergone the surgical correction of Class II or Class III malocclusions. Two multivariate methods\u2014the partial least squares (PLS) and the sparse partial least squares (SPLS) methods\u2014were used to construct prediction equations. While the PLS prediction model included 232 input variables, the SPLS method included a reduced number of variables generated by a handicapping algorithm via the sparsity control. The accuracy between the PLS and SPLS models was compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n There were no significant differences in prediction accuracy depending on surgical movements, the sex of the subjects, or additional surgeries. The predictive performance with a reduced set of 34 input variables chosen using the SPLS method was statistically indistinguishable from the full set of variables with the original PLS prediction model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The prediction method proposed in the present study was accurate for a wide range of orthognathic surgeries. A reduced set of input variables could be selected through the SPLS method while simultaneously maintaining a prediction level that was as accurate as that of the original PLS prediction model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/120518-851.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T11:34:24Z","timestamp":1559216064000},"page":"910-916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: The sparse partial least squares method"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Hee-Yeon","family":"Suh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Sic","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Heang","family":"Eo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Scientist, HuTom, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Donatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor and Assistant Graduate Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b01","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss \n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss \n CU, \n \n \n Joss-Vassalli \n IM, \n \n \n Berge \n SJ, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM. \n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:2792\u20132801."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b02","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Joss \n CU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss \n CU, \n \n \n Joss-Vassalli \n IM, \n \n \n Kiliaridis \n S, \n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman \n AM. \n \n \n Soft tissue profile changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1260\u20131269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee \n HJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n HJ, \n \n \n Suh \n HY, \n \n \n Lee \n YS, \n \n et al. \n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee \n YS,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n YS, \n \n \n Suh \n HY, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ, \n \n \n Donatelli \n RE. \n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares","volume":"144","author":"Nadjmi \n N,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadjmi \n N, \n \n \n Tehranchi \n A, \n \n \n Azami \n N, \n \n \n Saedi \n B, \n \n \n Mollemans \n W. \n \n \n Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:654\u2013662."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b06","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh \n HY,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh \n HY, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ, \n \n \n Lee \n YS, \n \n et al. \n A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery. 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Angle Orthod. 2015;85:597\u2013603."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b08","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"751","article-title":"Accuracy of computer programs in predicting orthognathic surgery soft tissue response","volume":"67","author":"Kaipatur \n NR,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaipatur \n NR, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C. \n \n \n Accuracy of computer programs in predicting orthognathic surgery soft tissue response. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:751\u2013759."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"303","article-title":"How predictable is orthognathic surgery?","volume":"26","author":"Eckhardt \n CE,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eckhardt \n CE, \n \n \n Cunningham \n SJ. \n \n \n How predictable is orthognathic surgery?\n Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:303\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b10","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"298","article-title":"Time series analysis of patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Seoul National University Dental Hospital over the past decade","volume":"47","author":"Lim \n HW,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim \n HW, \n \n \n Park \n JH, \n \n \n Park \n HH, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n Time series analysis of patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Seoul National University Dental Hospital over the past decade. Korean J Orthod. 2017;47:298\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee \n CH,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee \n CH, \n \n \n Park \n HH, \n \n \n Seo \n BM, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b12","series-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sparse partial least squares regression for simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection","volume":"72","author":"Chun \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chun \n H, \n \n \n Keles \n S. \n \n \n Sparse partial least squares regression for simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 2010;72:3\u201325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"272","article-title":"How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example","volume":"147","author":"Donatelli \n RE,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donatelli \n RE, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147:272\u2013279."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"315","article-title":"How to report reliability in orthodontic research: part 2","volume":"144","author":"Donatelli \n RE,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donatelli \n RE, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n How to report reliability in orthodontic research: part 2. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:315\u2013318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"156","article-title":"How to report reliability in orthodontic research: part 1","volume":"144","author":"Donatelli \n RE,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donatelli \n RE, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n How to report reliability in orthodontic research: part 1. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:156\u2013161."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b16","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2019","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing;2019."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b17","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Sagittal soft-tissue changes of the lower lip and chin associated with surgical maxillary impaction and consequent mandibular autorotation","volume":"15","author":"Ksiezycki-Ostoya \n BK,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ksiezycki-Ostoya \n BK, \n \n \n McCollum \n AGH, \n \n \n Becker \n PJ. \n \n \n Sagittal soft-tissue changes of the lower lip and chin associated with surgical maxillary impaction and consequent mandibular autorotation. Semin Orthod. 2009;15:185\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b18","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"386","article-title":"Immediate postoperative outcome of orthognathic surgical planning, and prediction of positional changes in hard and soft tissue, independently of the extent and direction of the surgical corrections required","volume":"49","author":"Donatsky \n O,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donatsky \n O, \n \n \n Bjorn-Jorgensen \n J, \n \n \n Hermund \n NU, \n \n \n Nielsen \n H, \n \n \n Holmqvist-Larsen \n M, \n \n \n Nerder \n PH. \n \n \n Immediate postoperative outcome of orthognathic surgical planning, and prediction of positional changes in hard and soft tissue, independently of the extent and direction of the surgical corrections required. 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Biostatistics. 2009;10:515\u2013534."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b23","series-title":"Genetics","first-page":"79","article-title":"Expression quantitative trait loci mapping with multivariate sparse partial least squares regression","volume":"182","author":"Chun \n H,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chun \n H, \n \n \n Keles \n S. \n \n \n Expression quantitative trait loci mapping with multivariate sparse partial least squares regression. Genetics. 2009;182:79\u201390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"275","article-title":"The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements","volume":"89","author":"Castillo \n JC,","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castillo \n JC, \n \n \n Gianneschi \n G, \n \n \n Azer \n D, \n \n et al. \n The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements. 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J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1260\u20131269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee \n HJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n HJ, \n \n \n Suh \n HY, \n \n \n Lee \n YS, \n \n et al. \n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee \n YS,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n YS, \n \n \n Suh \n HY, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ, \n \n \n Donatelli \n RE. \n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares","volume":"144","author":"Nadjmi \n N,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadjmi \n N, \n \n \n Tehranchi \n A, \n \n \n Azami \n N, \n \n \n Saedi \n B, \n \n \n Mollemans \n W. \n \n \n Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares. 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Korean J Orthod. 2017;47:298\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee \n CH,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee \n CH, \n \n \n Park \n HH, \n \n \n Seo \n BM, \n \n \n Lee \n SJ. \n \n \n Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: a time series analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-910-b12","series-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sparse partial least squares regression for simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection","volume":"72","author":"Chun \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chun \n H, \n \n \n Keles \n S. \n \n \n Sparse partial least squares regression for simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. 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